A kind ofly clad the equipment and technology that the material pressurized ejects core-filled and continuously casted fine forming
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pressure processing field in the metal material, a kind of equipment and technology that the material pressurized ejects core-filled and continuously casted fine forming that clads is provided.
Background technology
Because development of high-tech has promoted the development of new material to the harsh requirement of material.Composite can be brought into play it and form raw-material synergy, and very big material design freedom is arranged again simultaneously, so development is very fast.They are not only extensive further on range of application, and on ornamental, electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion-proof wear and mechanical property, be improved, more reasonable and the manufacturing cost reduction of selection, structure and function integration become the potential advantages that this class material deeply develops.
Now, the method for the large-scale industrial production of composite mainly contains Mechanical Method, plastic deformation method, metallurgy method.Mechanical Method is divided into edge cover, hydraulic extend pipe again, (see: Japan stretches copper association and compiles in drawing, copper お I ぴ copper alloy basis と industrial technology, (1988), method such as p.190-192), its characteristics are mechanical bond for the interface of each composite bed, interface bond strength is low, and is not suitable for the preparation of long size cladding material; The plastic deformation method (see: Chen Yongfu etc., the light-alloy process technology, Vol.24, No.11 (1996), p.3; Wei Yuezhen, composite, China Machine Press, (1987), p.146) though can realize metallurgical binding, obtain non-scale, do not have be mingled with, the compound interface of cleaning is often very difficult fully, and plastic deformation method's production technology is generally very complicated, the production cost height.
Metallurgical junction is legal reverse solidification method, cladding continuous metal cast process, multilayer materials one-step casting forming process.The reverse solidification method (is seen: permitted medium wave, special steel, 18 volume supplementary issues, p.15) be that the cladding molten metal is attached to the internal solids metal freezing, the method helps solidifying the rolling of feeding and casting roller, but well compound in order to guarantee cladding and master tape interface, remove the control master tape and immerse time, the cladding metal degree of superheat.Outside the master tape original thickness key process parameter, also need master tape is carried out preliminary treatment.If the interface pretreating effect is bad, perhaps after the preliminary treatment because of can not use and oxidized or pollute at once, the interface can't be well compound.The cladding continuous metal cast process (see: improve people's living condition by the Yamamoto, the clear 57-196464 patent of Japan) be that the cladding molten metal is attached to the internal solids metal freezing, the method helps the feeding of solidifying of cladding molten metal, well compound in order to guarantee cladding and plug interface, except that key process parameters such as control pouring temperature, heater power, preheater power, pulling rate, also need brushing one deck glass powder-type coating on the plug, oxidized to prevent plug, if it is bad that the interface prevents oxidation effectiveness, coating can not float fully when perhaps cladding metal, and the interface can't be well compound.Multilayer materials one-step casting forming process (see: thank build new etc., multilayer materials one-step casting former and technology, Chinese patent: 98101042.3), adopt measures such as oxidation protection cover, in the surperficial non-oxidation of continuous casting core, do not have be mingled with, under the condition of no greasy dirt, hot direct continuous casting cladding, but the method is difficult to control to the situation that the cladding melting point metal is higher than the core melting point metal, is unfavorable for that high performance outer layer metal fusing point is higher than the large-scale application that core immerses the composite of fusing point.
A kind of one-step casting forming process that clads material (is seen: Wu Chunjing etc., a kind of one-step casting former and technology that clads material, Chinese patent, 01109076.6) adopt two firing equipments up and down, core metal and outer layer metal are being melted in two heaters up and down respectively, when the temperature in two heaters reaches the temperature of regulation, under the dummy bar effect of motor power traction, the traction outer sphere molten metal enters crystallizer, in crystallizer and mozzle, form outer layer metal tube, core metal liquid enters in the outer layer metal tube thereupon, realizes the compound of core metal and outer layer metal then under certain pulling rate.Because cohesive force and frictional force still exist, and certainly exist tension in the strand, it is that the micro-crack main cause takes place.Owing to the tension reason in discontinuous, the strand of the wearing and tearing of the gap movingly of oscillation mark, mold oscillation and crystallizer, process of setting, the method is not suitable for preparing accurate continuous casting billet, below external diameter Φ 15~20mm, the continuously cast billet for pipe-making of wall thickness 1.0~3mm.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of short flow process, energy-conservation, cheap, be suitable for large-scale industrial production, and a kind of cladding material pressurized that the outer layer metal fusing point that can obtain to clean fully compound interface is higher than the core melting point metal ejects core-filled and continuously casted fine forming equipment and technology.
A kind of cladding material pressurized ejects core-filled and continuously casted fine forming equipment, by last temperature measurer, and core metal liquid, core metal temperature control crucible, the core metal temperature control furnace, following temperature measurer, following temperature control crystallizer, outer layer metal temperature control furnace, outer layer metal, core metal liquid fills the core pipe, outer layer metal solid liquid interface, pressure shield, last temperature control crystallizer, following temperature control crystallizer, outer layer metal crystallizer, secondary cooling apparatus, stopping means, pressure sensor, make a concession device, spy-hole, supporting plate constitutes.Last temperature control crystallizer and core metal liquid fill the core pipe and are assemblied on the same axis along the continuous casting direction; Core metal liquid fills core pipe upper end and closely is connected with the core metal temperature control furnace, and core metal liquid fills the lower end of core pipe and gos deep in the outer sphere molten metal, fills the core pipe by core metal liquid and isolates outer and core metal liquid, forms the outer layer metal core, cast core metal liquid.Last temperature control crystallizer upper end closely is connected with outer layer metal temperature control crucible, and pressure shield is connected with supporting plate limit end, and supporting plate is inboard to be connected with following temperature control crystallizer; The outer layer metal strand is exerted pressure by pressure shield and is ejected.
Wherein upper and lower temperature measurer adopts infrared measurement of temperature or thermocouple temperature measurement; Core metal temperature control furnace and outer layer metal temperature control furnace adopt inductance heating or resistance heated; Core metal temperature control crucible and outer layer metal temperature control crucible can adopt materials such as refractory material, graphite, pottery (containing metal pottery), high temperature alloy, steel, iron to make, and the freezing point that generally is controlled at respective metal or alloy is to 500 ℃ scope more than the freezing point; Core metal liquid fills the core pipe, can adopt materials such as refractory material, graphite, pottery (containing metal pottery), high temperature alloy, steel, iron to make; The outer layer metal crystallizer can adopt water-cooled metal mould, high temperature alloy, steel, iron, refractory material, graphite, pottery (containing metal pottery); Pressure shield can feed N
2, CO
2, H
2Secondary cooling apparatus adopts water spray, blowing, cooling naturally.
Outer layer metal melts in outer metal temperature-control stove and is incubated, and injects by the pressure shield pressing mode and to fill the interior crystallizer that core tube wall constitutes by last temperature control crystallizer and core metal liquid and be frozen into metal tube.Core metal melts in the core metal temperature control furnace and is incubated, and fills the core pipe orifice by core metal liquid and is filled in the outer layer metal pipe orifice that has solidified, and in following temperature control crystallizer, core metal and outer layer metal inside pipe wall fuse and be frozen into compound base.Outer layer metal crystallizer and core metal liquid fill the core pipe and are disposed on the same axis along the continuous casting direction, core metal liquid fills core pipe upper end and closely is connected with core metal temperature control crucible, core metal liquid fills the lower end of core pipe and gos deep in the outer sphere molten metal, fill the core pipe by core metal liquid and isolate outer and core metal liquid, form the outer layer metal core, cast core metal liquid.
Pressure shield is connected with supporting plate limit end, and supporting plate is inboard to be connected with following temperature control crystallizer; The outer layer metal strand is exerted pressure by gas in the pressure shield and is ejected, and when inner layer metal liquid fills type when better, also can only pressurize to outer layer metal.
The setting temperature of continuous casting outer layer metal tube is mainly by last temperature control crystallizer control, and the combined temp of outer layer metal inside pipe wall and core metal is mainly by temperature control crystallizer control down.The speed of continuous casting is made a concession device strand is not produced pulling force by making a concession device control, constitutes compression system to strand with pressure shield.When making a concession the device yielding, strand is forced out from crystallizer.Can observe core-filled and continuously casted situation by spy-hole, the big I of pressure is regulated by the pressure reduction and the pressure shield parameter of molten metal height.The freezing point that the temperature of metal temperature-control crucible is controlled at respective metal or alloy is to 500 ℃ scope more than the freezing point.
The present invention compares the beneficial effect that is had with prior art and is
(1) adopting the interior gas of pressure shield to exert pressure ejects, strand in crystallizer mainly bears axial compression stress, strand is ejected by the pressure that pressure shield produces, rather than be drawn out, the crackle, the oscillation mark that are prone in the general continuous casting billet have been eliminated like this, can the one-time continuous casting clad material, obtain high-quality compound interface, the following process production cost is low, efficient is high.
(2) outer layer metal is filled in the casting mold that the core pipe constitutes by outer layer metal crystallizer and core metal liquid and is frozen into outer layer metal tube, simultaneously core metal liquid fills the core pipe by core metal liquid and is poured in the outer layer metal tube with its fusion and solidifies, thereby realizes that the outer layer metal fusing point is higher than the composite continuous cast form method of core metal fusing point.The outer layer metal fusing point that method of the present invention can be used for various metals and metal, Metal and Alloy, alloy and alloy is higher than the cladding material of core metal fusing point, the cast form of parts, reaches short flow process, energy saving purposes.
(3) lower end of adopting core metal liquid to fill the core pipe is deep in the outer layer metal, fill the core pipe by core metal liquid and isolate outer and core metal liquid, form the core of outer layer metal, pour into a mould core metal liquid simultaneously, make outer layer metal tube behind the disengaging interior crystallizer that is shaped, directly contact with the core metal liquid that fills core, no matter be the inwall of outer layer metal tube pipe, or the core metal liquid that contacts with the inwall of outer layer metal tube pipe, all isolate fully with air, the compound interface oxide-free, nothing is mingled with, do not have greasy dirt that is prone in the general processing method etc. yet, improve the quality of composite greatly, productivity ratio and economic benefit.
(4) outer layer metal and core metal liquid are respectively by temperature control crucible and heating element heater, temperature measurer insulation and heating, the core metal temperature is regulated its combined temp by outer layer metal, can realize the setting rate adjusting of outer layer metal and core metal liquid effectively, to guarantee steady and continuous cast form.
(5) subsequent machining technology simplify, the efficient height, the meticulous compound base of high-quality can directly be gone up middle-size and small-size drawbench, directly pulls into≤the compound base of Φ 1mm.Because outer layer metal has excellent metallurgical with the inner layer metal interface and combines, do not need by hale pull out the distortion and heat treatment improve the interface composite quality, therefore both can directly adopt the small dimension blank on middle-size and small-size drawbench, to be shaped, reduce drawing passes, heat treated purpose only need be considered to eliminate stress simultaneously, and need not carry out Diffusion Welding in higher temperature with under than the long time, improved production efficiency.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is an equipment structure chart of the present invention.
1. go up temperature measurer, 2. core metal liquid, 3. core metal temperature control crucible, 4. core metal temperature control furnace, 5. descend temperature measurer, 6. descend the temperature control crystallizer, 7. outer layer metal temperature control furnace, 8. outer layer metal, 9. core metal liquid fills the core pipe, 10. outer layer metal solid liquid interface, 11. pressure shield, 12. last temperature control crystallizer, 13. times temperature control crystallizers, 14. outer layer metal crystallizers, 15. secondary cooling apparatus, 16. stopping means, 17. pressure sensors, 18. the yielding device, 19. spy-holes, 20. supporting plates.
Fig. 2 is the equipment structure chart of pressure shield of the present invention outside core metal liquid.
When inner layer metal liquid fills type when better, also can pressure shield be moved down only to the outer layer metal pressurization, as shown in Figure 2, each parts is identical with Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment one:
Sheath tin composite material pressurized ejects core-filled and continuously casted shaping.
Sheath tin metal compound bar overall diameter 12mm, outer lead metal thickness 2mm, upper and lower temperature measurer 1,5 adopts thermocouple temperature measurement; Core metal temperature control furnace and outer layer metal temperature control furnace adopt resistance heated, and core metal temperature control crucible 3, last temperature control crystallizer 12, outer layer metal temperature control crucible 6 and core metal liquid fill core pipe 9 and all adopts No. 45 steel to make; Bubbling air in the pressure shield, pressure is 0.03MPa, and secondary cooling apparatus 15 adopts the blowing cooling, and its speed is 3m/s; The freezing point that the temperature of core metal temperature control crucible 3 is controlled at corresponding its metal or alloy is to 100 ℃ scope more than the freezing point; The freezing point that the temperature of outer layer metal temperature control crucible 6 is controlled at corresponding its metal or alloy is to 80 ℃ scope more than the freezing point, the cooling water flow velocity of control water-cooled metal mould crystallizer 14 is 4m/s, regulate continuous casting casting speed V=30mm/min, can obtain high-quality continuous casting lead/tin metal composite bar.Result of the test shows: sample interface is in conjunction with densification, and faying face is neat, and the composite bed width is approximately 0.2mm, has realized metallurgical binding well.
Embodiment two:
Copper cover aluminum composite pressurized ejects core-filled and continuously casted shaping.
Copper cover aluminum metal composite rod overall diameter 12mm, outer copper metal thickness 3mm, upper and lower temperature measurer 1,5 adopts thermocouple temperature measurement; Core metal temperature control furnace 4 adopts resistance heated, and outer layer metal temperature control furnace 7 adopts eddy-current heating; Core metal temperature control crucible 3, outer layer metal temperature control crucible 6 and core metal liquid fill core pipe 9 and all adopt graphite to make; Last temperature control crystallizer 12 adopts water-cooled metal mould crystallizer liner graphite to make; Feed N in the pressure shield
2, pressure is 0.15MPa, secondary cooling apparatus 15 adopts the blowing cooling; Its speed is 4m/s, and the freezing point that the temperature of core metal temperature control crucible 3 is controlled at corresponding its metal or alloy is to 200 ℃ scope more than the freezing point; The freezing point that the temperature of outer layer metal temperature control crucible 6 is controlled at corresponding its metal or alloy is to 100 ℃ scope more than the freezing point, the cooling water flow velocity of control water-cooled metal mould crystallizer 14 is 8m/s, regulate continuous casting casting speed V=25mm/min, can obtain high-quality continuous casting copper cover aluminum metal composite bar.
Embodiment three:
Stainless steel iron clad composite pressurized ejects core-filled and continuously casted shaping.
Stainless steel/ferrous metal compound bar overall diameter 12mm, outer stainless steel metal thickness 3mm.Upper and lower temperature measurer 1,5 adopts infrared measurement of temperature; Core metal temperature control furnace and outer layer metal temperature control furnace adopt eddy-current heating; Core metal temperature control crucible 3 adopts graphite to make; Outer layer metal temperature control crucible 6 adopts mgo refractory to make; Core metal liquid fills core pipe 9 and adopts ZrO
2Pottery is made; Last crystallizer 12 adopts the water-cooled copper metal crystallizer to make; Secondary cooling apparatus 15 adopts the water spray cooling; Its speed is 5m/s, feeds N in the pressure shield
2, pressure is 0.20MPa, the freezing point that the temperature of core metal temperature control crucible 3 is controlled at corresponding its metal or alloy is to 80 ℃ scope more than the freezing point; The freezing point that the temperature of outer layer metal temperature control crucible 6 is controlled at corresponding its metal or alloy is to 50 ℃ scope more than the freezing point, the cooling water flow velocity of control water-cooled metal mould crystallizer 12 is 12m/s, regulate continuous casting casting speed V=25mm/min, can obtain high-quality continuous casting stainless steel/ferrous metal composite bar.