CN101530860A - Method for preparing aluminum-magnesium ultrafine crystal composite plate with multilayer structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing an aluminum-magnesium ultrafine-grain multilayer structure composite plate. In the method, Al or Al alloy, Mg or Mg alloy are selected as raw materials for the plate, and the structural layers of the prepared ultrafine-grain multilayer structure composite plate are sequentially Al/Mg/Al, or Al alloy/Mg alloy/Al alloy, or Al/Mg alloy/Al; its preparation adopts the method of cumulative composite rolling, including grinding, cleaning, removing metal shavings and impurities on the surface of the plate, Stacked in the way of hamburgers, the stacked steel plates are placed in a resistance furnace for heat treatment; the heat-treated plates are taken out and placed on a rolling mill, and rolled with a reduction of 50% per pass; rolling After cutting off the edge cracks and burrs, the plate is cut into two equal parts, and then repeated multiple passes of cumulative compound rolling; the plate after cumulative compound rolling is heat treated in a gas shielded annealing furnace, and then Cool the furnace to room temperature and take it out to obtain an Al/Mg/Al multilayer composite steel plate.

Description

A kind of preparation method of aluminum-magnesium ultra-fine grain multi-layer structure composite plate

technical field

The invention relates to the preparation of composite materials, in particular to a method for preparing an aluminum-magnesium ultrafine-grained multilayer structure composite board. The structure of the aluminum-magnesium ultra-fine-grained multilayer structure composite plate prepared by the method is Al/Mg/Al in sequence.

Background technique

With the advancement of science and technology, the requirements for materials are getting higher and higher. In addition to high strength, high toughness, corrosion resistance and other properties, materials are also required to have some contradictory properties under certain special environmental application conditions, such as: The electrical conductivity is better but the heat insulation is better, the strength and toughness are higher but the weight is lighter. Due to the multifunctional performance, lower cost and wide application range of dissimilar material composite materials, the development potential of traditional materials has been improved. At the same time, composite materials can be adjusted and combined according to actual application requirements to meet the multifunctional requirements of modern industry.

Layered composite material is a new type of material formed by combining two or more metal plates with different physical, chemical and mechanical properties through composite technology. It maintains the original characteristics of the original metal materials and makes the comprehensive material The performance is superior to that of a single metal, providing a better choice for reasonable performance and lower product cost. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have paid attention to new composite materials made of dissimilar metals combined in a layered composite manner. However, the current layered composite materials are limited by rolling composite technology, the production process is complicated, and the product quality is difficult to control. If there is The amount of reduction is not enough, the composite strength is not high, and the performance of the material matrix is reduced after composite. , and can improve the interfacial composite strength of the composite material and strengthen the matrix of the composite material, providing a more suitable material combination and preparation technology for the industrial application of material elasticity and functional requirements. Layered composite materials have the characteristics of both economy and functionality, and are widely used in various fields. The preparation process of layered composite materials is relatively simple, and existing equipment can be used for continuous production.

At the same time, due to the shortage of global energy and resources, the awareness of nature protection is rising, and products are gradually made lightweight and recyclable to reduce energy and resource consumption, which provides ideas for the design of aluminum/magnesium ultrafine-grained multilayer composite materials. Due to the strong bonding force between aluminum and magnesium atoms, the strength/weight ratio (stiffness/weight ratio) of this type of material is well matched no matter at room temperature or high temperature. Moreover, according to the aluminum-magnesium phase diagram, the composite material formed by aluminum and magnesium can obtain excellent mechanical properties due to the precipitation of intermediate phases such as Al ₂ Mg ₁₇ or Al ₂ Mg ₂ ; and aluminum and magnesium are very active metals, and aluminum A dense oxide layer will be formed on the surface of the material to prevent further oxidation of the metal and has certain corrosion resistance; while the oxide film formed on the surface of magnesium and magnesium alloys is not dense and has poor oxidation resistance. Therefore, aluminum-magnesium composite materials have low density. , high strength, high vibration suppression, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and are widely used in aviation, aerospace, electronics, electric power, military, automobile, shipbuilding, chemical and other industries.

Contents of the invention

In view of the defects or deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for preparing a novel composite material with an aluminum-magnesium ultrafine-grained multilayer structure. The method uses Al:Mg:Al=1:1～50: The ratio of 1 can produce different specifications of Al/Mg/Al ultra-fine-grained multi-layer structure composite plate materials to meet the needs of various industries for composite materials.

In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:

A method for preparing an aluminum-magnesium ultrafine-grained multilayer structure composite plate is characterized in that the method selects sheet material Al or Al alloy, Mg or Mg alloy as raw materials, and the structural layers of the prepared ultrafine-grain multilayer structure composite plate are sequentially It is Al/Mg/Al, or Al alloy/Mg alloy/Al alloy, or Al/Mg alloy/Al; its preparation adopts the method of cumulative clad rolling, which specifically includes the following steps:

Step 1, using a wire brush to polish the surface of Al or Al alloy and Mg or Mg alloy plate to make the surface roughness Ra≤12.5 μm;

Step 2, cleaning the treated plate surface with acetone or absolute ethanol solution to remove metal shavings and impurities on the plate surface;

Step 3, put the cleaned Al or Al alloy, Mg or Mg alloy in the order of Al/Mg/Al, or in the order of Al alloy/Mg alloy/Al alloy, or in order of Al/Mg alloy/Al in order of hamburger stacked together, then fastened from one end and sanded to a certain inclination for the mill to bite into;

Step 4: Place the laminated plates above in a resistance furnace, and heat them for 5 to 120 minutes at 225°C to 400°C;

Step 5, taking out the heat-treated sheet and placing it on a rolling mill, and rolling at a rolling temperature of 225°C to 400°C with a pass reduction of 50%;

Step 6, cutting off edge cracks and burrs from the rolled plate, then cutting into two equal parts, then repeating the operations from step 1 to step 5, and performing multi-pass cumulative composite rolling;

Step 7. Put the plate after accumulative composite rolling in a gas-protected annealing furnace, heat-treat it at 100-450°C and hold for 30-120 minutes, and then take it out after cooling to room temperature with the furnace to obtain ultra-fine-grained Multi-layer structure composite board.

The invention adopts the severe plastic deformation process of cumulative compound rolling to effectively compound Al, Mg and their alloy plates together to form a multi-layer structure, which can not only effectively refine the structure of the material, but also increase the bonding strength of the interface, significantly Improve the performance of composite panels.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structure diagram of the Al/Mg/Al ultra-fine grain multilayer structure composite plate of the present invention.

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the embodiments given by the inventor.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

Referring to Fig. 1, the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium ultrafine-grained multilayer structure composite plate of the present invention selects sheet material Al or Al alloy, Mg or Mg alloy as raw material, and the structural layers of the prepared ultrafine-grain multilayer structure composite plate are successively Al/Mg/Al, or Al alloy/Mg alloy/Al alloy, or Al/Mg alloy/Al; its preparation adopts the method of cumulative composite rolling, specifically implemented according to the following steps:

1. Use a wire brush to polish the surface of Al or Al alloy and Mg or Mg alloy plate to make the surface roughness Ra≤12.5μm;

2. Clean the surface of the treated plate with acetone or absolute ethanol solution to remove metal shavings and impurities on the surface of the plate;

3. Put the cleaned Al or Al alloy, Mg or Mg alloy in the order of Al/Mg/Al, or in the order of Al alloy/Mg alloy/Al alloy, or in the order of Al/Mg alloy/Al in order of hamburger ways to stack them together, then fix it from one end and grind it to a certain slope so that the mill bites in (picture 2);

4. Place the above-mentioned laminated steel plates in a resistance furnace, and perform heat treatment at 225°C to 400°C and heat preservation for 5 minutes to 120 minutes;

5. Take out the heat-treated plate and put it on the rolling mill, and roll it with a reduction of 50% per pass under the condition of 225-400°C;

6. Cut off the edge cracks and burrs of the rolled plate, then cut it into two equal parts, then repeat the operation from step 1 to step 5, and carry out multi-pass cumulative composite rolling;

7. Place the plate after accumulative composite rolling in a gas-protected annealing furnace, heat-treat it at 100°C to 450°C, and hold for 30-120 minutes, and then take it out after cooling to room temperature with the furnace to obtain Al/Mg /Al sequence ultrafine grain multilayer structure composite steel plate.

The above-mentioned Al alloys are: aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy, aluminum-lithium Any of alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy honeycomb panel, aluminum foam;

The above-mentioned Mg alloy is one of magnesium-lithium alloy, magnesium-manganese alloy, magnesium-aluminum-zinc-manganese alloy, magnesium-rare earth alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy.

The thickness of Al or Al alloy is: 0.5-2.0mm; the thickness of Mg or Mg alloy is: 1.0-5.0mm.

The thickness ratio of Al or Al alloy to Mg or Mg alloy is: 1:1-50, and the total thickness of the plate layer after lamination is less than 15mm.

The aluminum-magnesium ultra-fine-grained multilayer structure composite plate prepared by the above cumulative composite rolling method has a grain size of about 1 μm.

Example 2:

In this example, the difference between this implementation and Example 1 is that the surface treatment method of the plate is different. First, the oxide on the surface of the plate is removed by chemical method, that is, firstly, it is cleaned with NaOH and _HNO3 aqueous solutions respectively to remove scale and oil. and impurities, and rinse with water; then use a wire brush/feather wheel to polish the surface of aluminum and aluminum alloy panels, magnesium and magnesium alloy panels, and honeycomb panels; finally, clean the surface of the panels with acetone or absolute ethanol solution. Other steps are the same as in Example 1.

According to the aluminum-magnesium ultrafine-grained multilayer structure composite plate prepared by the method of the present invention, the structural layers are sequentially Al/Mg/Al, or Al alloy/Mg alloy/Al alloy, or Al/Mg alloy/Al; the present invention Not limited to the above examples, of course, according to the method of the present invention, the required Al/Mg ultrafine grain multilayer structure composite material can also be prepared for special purposes.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of preparation method of aluminum-magnesium ultrafine crystal composite plate with multilayer structure, it is characterized in that, it is raw material that this method is selected sheet material Al or Al alloy, Mg or Mg alloy, the structure sheaf of the ultrafine crystal composite plate with multilayer structure of preparation is Al/Mg/Al successively, or Al alloy/Mg alloy/Al alloy, or Al/Mg alloy/Al; It prepares the method that adopts the accumulation composite rolling, specifically may further comprise the steps:

Step 1, Al or Al alloy and Mg or Mg alloy sheets surface are polished, make its surperficial roughness Ra≤12.5 μ m with wire brush;

Step 2, the plate surface of handling is cleaned, remove the metal fillings and the impurity of plate surface with acetone or ethanol solution;

Step 3, the Al after will cleaning or Al alloy, Mg or Mg alloy are successively by the Al/Mg/Al order or successively by Al alloy/Mg alloy/Al alloy order or be stacked together in the mode of hamburger in proper order by Al/Mg alloy/Al successively, then with it from an end certain gradient of fixing and polish, so that milling train is nipped;

Step 4, above-mentioned superimposed good sheet material is placed resistance furnace, under 225 ℃～400 ℃ conditions, be incubated 5～120 minutes and heat-treat;

Step 5, the sheet material after the heat treatment taken out be placed on the milling train, under the condition of 225 ℃～400 ℃ of rolling temperatures, the reduction in pass with 50% is rolled;

Step 6, with the sheet material after rolling cut off portion's raw edges and burr, be cut into two equivalent parts again, repeating step one is to the operation of step 5 then, and carries out the accumulation composite rolling of multi-pass;

Step 7, the sheet material that will accumulate behind the composite rolling are placed in the protection annealing furnace, heat-treat under the condition of 100～450 ℃, temperature retention time 30-120 minute, cool to room temperature then with the furnace and take out, and promptly obtain ultrafine crystal composite plate with multilayer structure.

2, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described Al alloy is: aluminium-copper series alloy, aluminium-Mn series alloy, aluminium-Si system alloy, aluminium-magnesium are that alloy, aluminium-magnesium-Si system alloy, aluminium-zinc-magnesium-copper series alloy, aluminium-lithium are wherein any of alloy, aluminium and aluminum alloy honeycomb plate, foamed aluminium;

Described Mg alloy is that magnesium-lithium is wherein a kind of of alloy, magnesium-Mn series alloy, magnesium-aluminium-zinc-Mn series alloy, magnesium-rare earth-based alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy.

3, method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the thickness of Al or Al alloy is: 0.5～2.0mm; The thickness of Mg or Mg alloy is: 1.0～5.0mm.

4, method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described Al or Al alloy with the thickness ratio of Mg or Mg alloy are: 1:1～50, the gross thickness of superimposed back sheet metal layer is less than 15mm.

5, method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, it is to use NaOH, HNO at first respectively that sheet material Al or Al alloy, Mg or Mg alloy are carried out the chemical surface cleaning technology ₃The aqueous solution cleans, and remove descale, greasy dirt and impurity, and water rinses; Then with wire brush/plumage cloth wheel etc. to polishing on the surface of aluminium and aluminium alloy plate and magnesium and magnesium alloy plate and cellular board; Clean plate surface with acetone or ethanol solution at last.

6, method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, its crystallite dimension of ultrafine crystal composite plate with multilayer structure of described accumulation composite rolling method preparation is about 1 μ m.

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