CN109702012B - Preparation method of high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing engineering, and relates to a preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate. On both sides of the magnesium alloy plate with weak surface texture, a magnesium-aluminum original plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure is formed. Single-pass rolling is carried out in a roll at 250 ° C, and the total reduction of the original magnesium-aluminum plate is 30 to 70% to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite plate. The plasticity of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate is more than twice as high.

Description

A kind of preparation method of high plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing engineering, and relates to a preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate.

Background technique

Magnesium and magnesium alloys are one of the most promising green engineering metal materials today. Magnesium is not only the lightest structural metal, but also compared with other metal structural materials, magnesium and magnesium alloys have high specific strength, high specific stiffness, strong damping and shock absorption performance and electromagnetic shielding performance, and can withstand larger shock and vibration loads. Therefore, magnesium alloys are widely used in transportation, electronic industrial products, aerospace and other fields, and are the third largest type of metal structural materials developed after steel and aluminum alloys. But for a long time, the application of magnesium alloys developed slowly. The main constraints are the poor processing deformation ability and low corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. Magnesium has a close-packed hexagonal crystal structure, so it has poor plastic deformation ability and is difficult to be processed into plates, strips, shapes and bars. In addition, magnesium is very active and easily reacts with oxygen in the air to form magnesium oxide, and the oxide film is loose, so the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is low, which limits the application of magnesium alloys.

In order to solve the above problems, scientific researchers in various countries have made a lot of attempts. At present, a method that people are very interested in is the preparation technology of magnesium-aluminum composite panels coated with aluminum on the surface of magnesium alloys. Because aluminum alloy has the characteristics of good plasticity and strong corrosion resistance, coating aluminum on the outer surface of magnesium alloy can prevent the magnesium alloy from directly contacting the corrosive medium of the environment, and give the magnesium alloy effective corrosion protection; On the one hand, a negative tensile stress is formed on the surface of the magnesium alloy, which reduces the generation of small cracks on the surface of the magnesium alloy during the deformation process, thereby improving the processing deformation ability of the magnesium alloy.

At present, the methods of preparing magnesium-aluminum alloy composite plates at home and abroad mainly include rolling composite method, cumulative stacking rolling composite method, explosive connection composite method, spinning composite method, and composite methods derived from these methods. Due to the close-packed hexagonal crystal structure of the magnesium alloy itself, and the strong basal texture of the general commercial magnesium alloy sheet surface, and the previous researchers did not select the texture when preparing the magnesium-aluminum alloy composite sheet, resulting in The prepared magnesium-aluminum composite plate has poor plasticity, which greatly limits its wide application in the industrial field.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate in order to solve the problem that the magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared in the prior art has poor plasticity due to the lack of texture selection, which limits its application. preparation method.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite panel, comprising the following steps:

A. Grind the surface of magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate to make the surface roughness Ra≤12.5μm;

B. Clean the surface of magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate after grinding to remove metal chips and impurities on the surface of the plate;

C. Stack the cleaned aluminum alloy plate on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate with weak or no basal texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure of the original magnesium-aluminum plate;

D. Place the stacked magnesia-aluminum original plate in a heating furnace, and heat it for 10 to 120 minutes at a temperature of 200 to 450 °C;

E. The magnesium-aluminum raw plate after heat treatment is taken out and immediately placed in a roll at 50-250° C. for single-pass rolling, and the total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum raw plate is 30-70% to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite plate.

Further, the magnesium alloy plate in step A is a magnesium alloy plate with typical texture obtained by extrusion or rolling or directional solidification.

Further, in step A, the magnesium alloy plate is Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-Mn, Mg-Ca series magnesium alloy plate or pure magnesium plate, and the aluminum alloy plate is 1 series, 2 series, 3 series, 5 series, 6 series series, 7 series, 8 series aluminum alloy.

Further, in step A, the magnesium alloy plate is an ordinary commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, and the aluminum alloy plate is an ordinary commercial 1050 aluminum alloy plate.

Further, in step A, a wire brush or sandpaper is used to polish the surface of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate.

Further, in step A, the thickness of the magnesium alloy plate is 0.8-5.0 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 0.4-2.0 mm.

Further, in step B, the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate are first washed with clean water, and then the washed magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy plate surfaces are cleaned with acetone or anhydrous ethanol solution, and finally the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate are washed. Alloy plate drying.

Further, in step C, the thickness ratio of the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate is 1:1-10, and the total thickness of the original magnesium-aluminum plate after lamination is less than 20 mm.

Further, in step C, for the magnesium alloy sheet obtained by extrusion, the faces with weak basal texture are ED-ND and TD-ND faces, and for the magnesium alloy sheet obtained by rolling, the faces with weak basal texture are RD-ND surface and TD-ND surface, where ED is the extrusion direction, RD is the rolling direction, ND is the normal direction of the rolling surface or the extrusion surface, and TD is the transverse direction of the magnesium alloy sheet.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate disclosed in the present invention selects the composite surface of the magnesium alloy plate, and selects the weaker side of the base surface of the magnesium alloy plate as the composite surface, and the low-textured side of the magnesium alloy plate is selected as the composite surface. The composite effect with the aluminum alloy plate is good, and the plasticity (elongation at break) of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by this method is more than double that of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by the ordinary method. There are two reasons for this. First of all, compared with the previous multi-pass rolling compounding, cumulative stacking rolling or spinning compounding, the present invention adopts the weak surface texture of the magnesium alloy base surface to be compounded with the aluminum alloy in a single pass. The brittle second phase (such as Mg ₁₇ Al ₁₂ ) is not produced at the joint between the alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate, or very little, so the overall plasticity is good. In addition, the magnesium alloy plate with lower basal texture is easier to deform under the same conditions, and the grains are fully refined without micro-cracks under the single-pass larger reduction, thereby improving the plasticity.

2. In the preparation method of the high plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate disclosed in the present invention, because the weaker side of the base surface of the magnesium alloy plate is selected to be compounded with the aluminum alloy plate, the microstructure of the contact surface between the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate is easy to refine, The single-pass rolling method can effectively refine the microstructure of the contact surface between the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate, so that the strength of the contact surface between the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate is enhanced, and the mechanical properties of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate are significantly improved. At the same time, compared with the multi-pass rolling in the prior art, this single-pass rolling method has higher production efficiency. The method for selectively compounding the magnesium alloy texture proposed by the present invention can be applied to all the preparation methods of the magnesium-aluminum clad plate at present.

Description of drawings

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention provides the following drawings for description:

Fig. 1 is the tensile curve diagram of the high plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by taking the RD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as the composite surface in Example 1 of the present invention;

2 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plastic magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by taking the RD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as the composite surface in Example 1 of the present invention;

3 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plastic magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using the TD-ND surface of a magnesium alloy plate as a composite surface in Example 2 of the present invention;

4 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plastic magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using the RD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as the composite surface in Example 3 of the present invention;

5 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plastic magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using the TD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as the composite surface in Example 4 of the present invention;

6 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plastic magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using the RD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as the composite surface in Example 5 of the present invention;

7 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plastic magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using the TD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as the composite surface in Example 6 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

Example 1

A preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite panel, comprising the following steps:

A. Use 800# sandpaper to grind the surface of magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate to make the surface roughness Ra≤12.5μm, wherein the magnesium alloy plate is ordinary commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, and the aluminum alloy plate is ordinary commercial 1050 Aluminum alloy plate and magnesium alloy plate are made by rolling;

B. Rinse the surface of the magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate after grinding with clean water, and then use anhydrous ethanol solution to clean the surface of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy plate after washing , remove the metal chips and impurities on the surface of the plate, and finally dry the magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate;

C. Stack the cleaned aluminum alloy plate on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface (RD-ND surface) with weak base surface texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure of the original magnesium-aluminum plate;

D. Place the stacked magnesia-aluminum original plate in a heating furnace, and heat treatment at a temperature of 400 ° C for 10 minutes;

E. After the heat-treated magnesium-aluminum original plate is taken out, it is immediately put into a roll at 200 ° C for single-pass rolling, and the total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum original plate is 65% to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite plate, and its tensile curve is shown in the figure 1, and the metallographic diagram is shown in Figure 2.

Example 2

The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that in step C, the cleaned aluminum alloy plates are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface (TD-ND surface) with weak base surface texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich. Figure 3 shows the metallographic diagram of the magnesium-aluminum original plate of the structure and finally obtained the magnesium-aluminum composite plate.

Example 3

A preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite panel, comprising the following steps:

A. Use 800# sandpaper to grind the surface of magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate to make the surface roughness Ra≤12.5μm, wherein the magnesium alloy plate is ordinary commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, and the aluminum alloy plate is ordinary commercial 1050 Aluminum alloy plate and magnesium alloy plate are made by rolling;

B. Rinse the surface of the magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate after grinding with clean water, and then use anhydrous ethanol solution to clean the surface of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy plate after washing , remove the metal chips and impurities on the surface of the plate, and finally dry the magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate;

C. Stack the cleaned aluminum alloy plate on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface (RD-ND surface) with weak base surface texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure of the original magnesium-aluminum plate;

D. Place the stacked magnesia-aluminum original plate in a heating furnace, and heat treatment at a temperature of 300 ° C for 20 minutes;

E. After the heat-treated magnesium-aluminum original plate is taken out, it is immediately put into a roll at 150 ° C for single-pass rolling, and the total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum original plate is 40% to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite plate, and its metallographic diagram is shown in the figure. 4 shown.

Example 4

The difference between Example 4 and Example 3 is that in step C, the cleaned aluminum alloy plates are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface (TD-ND surface) with weak base surface texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich. Figure 5 shows the metallographic diagram of the magnesium-aluminum original plate of the structure, and finally obtained the magnesium-aluminum composite plate.

Example 5

A preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite panel, comprising the following steps:

A. Use 800# sandpaper to grind the surface of magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate to make the surface roughness Ra≤12.5μm, wherein the magnesium alloy plate is ordinary commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, and the aluminum alloy plate is ordinary commercial 1050 Aluminum alloy plate and magnesium alloy plate are made by rolling;

B. Rinse the surface of the magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate after grinding with clean water, and then use anhydrous ethanol solution to clean the surface of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy plate after washing , remove the metal chips and impurities on the surface of the plate, and finally dry the magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate;

C. Stack the cleaned aluminum alloy plate on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface (RD-ND surface) with weak base surface texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure of the original magnesium-aluminum plate;

D. Place the stacked magnesia-aluminum original plate in a heating furnace, and heat treatment at a temperature of 200°C for 40min;

E. The magnesium-aluminum original plate after heat treatment is taken out and put into a roll at 100° C. for single-pass rolling immediately. The total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum original plate is 35% to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite plate. Its metallographic diagram is shown in the figure 6 shown.

Example 6

The difference between Example 6 and Example 5 is that in step C, the cleaned aluminum alloy plates are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface (TD-ND surface) with weak base surface texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich. Figure 7 shows the metallographic diagram of the magnesium-aluminum original plate of the structure, and finally obtained the magnesium-aluminum composite plate.

The existing magnesium-aluminum composite method does not select the texture of the magnesium alloy, and the ordinary commercial magnesium alloy plate generally selects the RD-TD surface as the plate surface, so the RD-TD surface of the magnesium alloy plate is selected as the composite surface in the comparative example.

Comparative Example 1

The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that in step C, the cleaned aluminum alloy plates are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface (RD-TD surface) with significant basal surface texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich. Structure of the original magnesium aluminum plate.

Comparative Example 2

The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 is that in step C, the cleaned aluminum alloy plates are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface (RD-TD surface) with significant base surface texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich. Structure of the original magnesium aluminum plate.

Comparative Example 3

The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 5 is that in step C, the cleaned aluminum alloy plates are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface (RD-TD surface) with significant base surface texture to form an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich. Structure of the original magnesium aluminum plate.

The elongation at break of the high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite panels prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 is shown in Table 1:

Table I

It can be seen from Table 1 that the fracture elongation of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by selecting the RD-ND surface and the TD-ND surface as the composite surface of the magnesium alloy plate is significantly higher than that in the prior art using the RD-TD surface as the composite surface. The prepared magnesium-aluminum composite plate can reach 1.5-3 times of the elongation at break of the prior art.

Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should Various changes may be made in details without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. The preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

A. polishing the plate surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to ensure that the plate surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 12.5 mu m;

B. cleaning the surfaces of the polished magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate to remove metal chips and impurities on the surfaces;

C. stacking the cleaned aluminum alloy plates on two sides of a magnesium alloy plate surface with weak basal plane texture or without basal plane texture to form a magnesium-aluminum raw plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure;

D. placing the stacked magnesium-aluminum raw plates in a heating furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 10-120 min at the temperature of 200-450 ℃;

E. and taking out the heat-treated magnesium-aluminum raw plate, immediately putting the magnesium-aluminum raw plate into a roller at 50-250 ℃ for single-pass rolling, wherein the total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum raw plate is 30-70%, and thus obtaining the magnesium-aluminum composite plate.

2. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium alloy plate in the step A is a texture typical magnesium alloy plate prepared by adopting an extrusion or rolling or directional solidification mode.

3. The method for manufacturing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium alloy plate in the step A is a Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-Mn, Mg-Ca series magnesium alloy plate or a pure magnesium plate, and the aluminum alloy plate is a 1-series, 2-series, 3-series, 5-series, 6-series, 7-series or 8-series aluminum alloy.

4. The method of manufacturing a high plasticity magnesium aluminum composite panel as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step A, the magnesium alloy panel is a normal commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy panel, and the aluminum alloy panel is a normal commercial 1050 aluminum alloy panel.

5. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate is polished by a steel wire brush or sand paper in the step A.

6. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, the thickness of the magnesium alloy plate is 0.8-5.0 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 0.4-2.0 mm.

7. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate are washed by clear water, the washed surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate are washed by acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and finally the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate are dried.

8. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness ratio of the aluminum alloy board to the magnesium alloy board in the step C is 1: 1-10, and the total thickness of the superposed magnesium-aluminum raw boards is less than 20 mm.

9. The method of manufacturing a high plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 2, wherein in the step C, the magnesium alloy plate obtained by the extrusion method has the faces with weak texture which are the ED-ND face and the TD-ND face, and the magnesium alloy plate obtained by the rolling method has the faces with weak texture which are the RD-ND face and the TD-ND face, wherein ED is the extrusion direction, RD is the rolling direction, ND is the rolling face or the normal direction of the extrusion face, and TD is the transverse direction of the magnesium alloy plate.

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