CN101517383B - 使用磁感应的工业过程装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种连接到工业生产过程中以便用于监测或控制生产过程的过程装置,包括构造为物理连接到工业生产过程的装置壳体(16)。线圈(100)安装于该壳体上,并且磁铁(104)构造为运动穿过该线圈。该磁铁的相对运动响应于工业生产过程中的振动(72)。这种相对运动在该线圈中感应出电流。该壳体中的电路包括从线圈接收电流的输入。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于连接到工业过程控制和监测系统中的工业过程装置(industrial process device)。
背景技术
在工业设置中,控制系统用于监测与控制工业存货和化学过程等等。通常,控制系统使用分布在工业过程的关键场所并通过过程控制回路与控制室中的控制回路连接的现场装置来执行这些功能。术语"现场装置"表示在分布式控制或过程监测系统中执行一种功能的任意装置,包括用于工业过程的测量、控制和监测的所有装置。
有些现场装置包括转换器。转换器可以理解为意指那种根据物理输入产生输出信号或者根据输入信号产生物理输出的装置。通常,转换器把输入转换成具有不同形式的输出。转换器的类型包括各种分析仪器、压力传感器、热敏电阻器、热电偶、应变仪、流量传送器、定位器、致动器、螺线管、指示灯,以及其他。其他现场装置包括控制元件,并且用于控制工业过程。这种生产装置的例子包括阀控制器、阀位控制器、加热器控制器、泵控制器等等。
在许多生产过程安装中,过程装置经受了振动。该振动可能发生在生产过程的正常运行期间。另外,某些类型的故障可能导致过程装置经受反常的振动,例如,失效的泵、松开的支架等等。
发明内容
一种连接到工业过程中以便用于监测或控制生产过程的过程装置,包括构造为物理连接到工业生产过程中的装置壳体。线圈安装于壳体上并且磁铁构造为运动穿过该线圈。磁铁的相对运动响应于工业生产过程中的振动。这种相对运动在线圈中感应出电流。该壳体中的电路包括从线圈接收电流的输入。
附图说明
图1为用于监测或控制工业过程的过程监测或控制系统的简图。
图2显示了包括执行诊断时使用的磁感应电路的过程装置的剖视图和简化方框图。
图3显示了包括产生用于过程装置的动力所使用的磁感应电路的过程装置的剖视图和简化方框图。
图4为详细显示磁感应电路的电路原理图。
图5是显示另一个例子的结构的过程装置的分解图。
具体实施方式
图1为工业过程控制器监测系统10的简图,包括根据本发明所述的过程装置16。如下面将更加详细论述的那样,过程装置16包括电力绕组和构造为在系统10中响应振动从而产生电流的运动磁铁。
过程装置16与构造为传输生产液体14的生产管线12连接。过程接口元件18构造为连接到该生产过程中,并用于过程装置16的输入或输出。例如,如果过程装置构造为过程控制传输器,则接口元件18可以包括一些过程变量型的传感器,例如压力传感器、流量传感器、温度传感器等等,以构造为检测生产过程变量。另一方面,如果过程装置16构造为过程控制装置,则接口元件18可以是,例如,阀、加热器等等,以用于控制生产过程。过程装置16与位置较远的电路连接,例如,通过过程控制回路22的控制室20。过程控制回路22显示为双线过程控制回路,并且可以包括,例如,构造为按照工业标准运行的过程控制回路。工业标准的例子包括4-20mA协议、协议、FieldBus协议和其他协议。
图2为简化的剖视图,显示了本发明的一个具体实施例,其中,过程装置16通过过程联接器50,如凸缘等连接到生产管线上。现场装置16包括连接到过程接口18上的接口电路52。当构造为传输器时,接口电路52可以执行初始过程并与过程变量传感器一起运行。类似地,当构造为过程控制器时,接口电路52用于控制过程接口18。现场装置16包括按照存储在存储器62中的可编程指令运行的微控制器60。微控制器60也连接到本身与过程控制回路22相连的输入/输出电路64上。在某些结构中,输入/输出电路64也提供用于激励过程装置16的一些或所有电路的电源输出。
磁感应电路68安装在过程装置16的装置壳体70中。磁感应电路68物理连接到壳体70上,从而工业生产过程10所产生的振动72可以由磁感应电路68接收。在图2所示的结构中,磁感应电路68给模-数转换器76提供输出电信号74。该模-数转换器76接收输出信号74并给微控制器60提供数字信号80。微控制器60可以合理处理数字信号。
在一个例示的结构中,微控制器60监测振动信号72的幅值、光谱含量和/或标记(时间/或频率)。信号72可以与代表生产过程10的额定运行的已知信号相比较。标称信号值例如幅值、光谱含量和/或标记可以存储在,例如存储器62中。作为另一个例子,输出信号74中的一些能级或阈值表示生产过程中的一些特定故障,例如泵或支架的开裂或失效。类似地,某些频率或频率组表示特定的故障,例如将要失效的或已失效的叶轮。振动信息还可以用来提供与由于振动的出现而使过程装置预期使用年限的减少有关的预测信息。如果,在过程装置16运行期间,振动信号72以预定方式在所存储的额定值中变化,则微控制器60可以确定在生产过程中发生了某些类型的事件,这些事件有待进一步调查。例如,微控制器60可以提供指示元件失效或需要通过运行者进行调查的潜在故障的输出信号。该信息还可以用于其他目的,例如提供工业过程中,其他元件例如阀控制器等的运行指示。如果该过程联接器50变松了,则振动信号72也将产生变化。在另一个例子中,如果振动信号72突然减小,或甚至完全消失,则表示生产过程10已经异常关闭或处于不良状态中。
图3是过程装置16的另一个简化方框图,显示了本发明的结构的另一个例子。在图3中,类似于图2所示的元件仍然保留其标号。在图3的结构中,振动信号72由磁感应电路68接收。磁感应电路68的电流输出信号74提供给储能电路82。储能电路82可以是用于存储电能的任何适当的装置,并且可以包括,例如,电力电容器和整流电路、电池等等,以用于存储来自磁感应电路68的能量。储能电路82提供了用于激励过程装置16的电源输出信号。在这种结构中,输入/输出电路64可以不必提供电源输出信号。另外,在一些结构中,过程装置16构造为通过无线连接来运行,并且输入/输出电路64用于无线通信。储能电路82可以提供过程装置16所需的所有电源,或可以为装置16提供辅助或备用电源。
图4为详细显示磁感应电路68的简化电路原理图。磁感应电路68包括环绕管102的线圈100。优选地,绕线具有相对小的直径,从而允许绕管102缠绕大量的绕线。但是,线圈100的绕线必须具有足够低的电阻,以便传输磁感应所产生的电流。滑动永久磁铁104安装在管100中,并且可以在管102的端部108之间沿箭头106所指的方向运动。根据法拉第磁感应法则,磁铁104穿过线圈100的运动将会在线圈100中产生电流。该电流与磁铁104相对于线圈100的速度成比例。磁铁104构造为响应图2和3所示的振动信号72而运动。弹簧部件110可以设置在管102的端部108上,从而当磁铁104在管102内部改变取向时可以在磁铁104的运动中保存能量。弹簧部件110可以是任何适当的结构,例如盘簧、合成橡胶元件等。在相关的结构中,弹簧部件可以被替换,或辅助安装在磁铁104上。如同磁铁104和线圈100之间的相对运动产生电流那样,套筒102可以构造为响应振动信号72而运动。
图4也以电力电容器118的形式显示了用于储能电路82的一个例示结构。从线圈100流出的电流为交流电流。在这种结构中,从线圈100流出的电流将被整流,以便使电容器118以直流电流充电。这种整流通过包括二极管122在内的桥式整流器120来进行。电容器122存储可用于激励过程装置16内部的电路的电荷。这种结构用在,例如,图3所示的装置中。但是,如果磁感应电路68是用于诊断,并且电流被提供给例如图2所示的模-数转换器76,则信号的整流就不是必需的,而且可以省略桥式整流器120。省去了桥式整流器120,线圈100就可以直接连接到模-数转换器76上。可以使用电阻来把电流转换成适用于模-数转换器76的电压信号。
虽然说明了单个磁感应电路68,但是也可以使用复式电路。此外,多磁感应电路68的管102可以沿不同的轴定位,从而在多于一个轴中运动产生电流。
在一种结构中,管102的方向是可调节的,从而使其能够沿最大运动路径的方向定位。例如,在一个结构中,提供了构造为识别过程装置16经历最大振动能的轴的振动传感器160。例如,传感器160可以包括许多加速仪,加速仪设置为可以观察输出从而识别振动最大的轴。在具体结构中,三个全部以90°彼此延伸(即,分别在X、Y和Z方向延伸)的加速仪可用于识别所有方向上的振动。例如,传感器160可以包括三轴加速仪。根据这种加速仪的输出,就可以识别出过程装置经受最大振动的轴。该装置(参见,例如,图2和3)的微处理器60可以在一定周期内监测加速仪的输出。可以在选定的时间周期内确定累积的振动量,并且识别振动最大的轴。在一些结构中,振动最大的轴可以是最希望定位感应电路的轴。例如,如果过程装置16在一个方向上只是偶尔地经受极大的振动,而在另一个方向上却经常经受较小的振动,那么可以优选把感应电路定位在对较频繁发生的振动最敏感的方向上,即使它们不是该装置所经受的最大振幅。根据所选择的标准,微处理器60可以给本地操作者(例如,通过过程控制器22或通过,如被包括在传感器160中的本地显示器)提供输出。该输出可以给本地操作者提供指示,指示本地操作者如何根据传感器160所检测的振动来定位感应电路68。根据该输出,操作者可以按照需要定位感应电路68的方向。在另一个结构中,感应电路68设置为沿着最优选的轴自动定位。例如,该定位可以根据传感器160的输出自动进行,或者可以通过机械结构来进行,在该机械结构中,接收的振动导致感应电路68沿相对于振动的优选轴再次定位其本身。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本发明进行了描述,本领域技术人员将会认识到在形式和细节部分的变化并未脱离本发明的实质和范围。虽然图2和3的实施例是分别说明的,但是磁感应电路可以同时用于两个诊断,并且用于产生电力。
图5是过程装置16的另一个结构的分解图,其中,所包括的接线板136具有连接双线过程控制回路22的接线端138。在图5的结构中,接线板136是可选元件,其中磁感应电路68和可选储能电路82安装在板136上。板136可以通过旋开端盖140而选择附设在装置16中。
电容器118可以包括,例如,超级电容器,也称特大电容器,其允许在相对小的体积中存储大量的能量。在一种结构中,感应电路的运动磁铁可以指向对准振动最大的轴的方向。例如,可以在传输器中使用三轴加速仪来测量并指示振动最大的轴。在这种结构中,三轴加速仪可以是暂时连接到过程装置16上的单独元件,或者可以并入电路中,例如过程装置16的磁感应电路68中。该三轴加速仪可以为安装人员提供输出,指示正常运行期间振动最大的轴。安装人员可以因此把磁感应电路定位成使磁铁经受最大的加速度。
Claims (25)
1.一种连接到工业生产过程中以便用于监测或控制生产过程的过程装置,包括:
装置壳体,构造为物理连接到工业生产过程中;
安装在所述壳体上的线圈;
磁铁,构造为响应工业生产过程中的振动而运动穿过所述线圈,从而在所述线圈中感应出电流;
在所述壳体中的电路,其具有从线圈接收电流的输入;和
构造为检测振动的传感器,其中所述磁铁的取向根据所检测的振动来调节。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,电路构造为根据电流来诊断工业生产过程的运行。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,包括具有与数字化电流相关的数字输出的模-数转换器。
4.如权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,包括构造为执行诊断的微控制器。
5.如权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,根据工业生产过程中的振动幅值来进行诊断。
6.如权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,根据工业生产过程中的振动频率来进行诊断。
7.如权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,根据工业生产过程中的振动标记来进行诊断。
8.如权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述电路根据振动和存储在存储器中的数据来提供诊断输出。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,包括构造为检测过程变量的过程接口。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述过程装置包括构造为控制生产过程的过程接口。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述电路包括构造为存储来自所述线圈电流的能量的储能电路。
12.如权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述储能电路包括电容器。
13.如权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,包括对所述线圈的电流进行整流的整流器。
14.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,磁感应电路包括构造为使所述磁铁相对于所述线圈的运动方向反向的弹簧部件。
15.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述传感器包括三轴加速仪。
16.如权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,所述电容器包括超级电容器。
17.一种用于检测过程装置中的振动的方法,该过程装置连接到一种用于监测或控制工业生产过程型的工业生产过程中,该方法包括:
把所述过程装置的壳体物理连接到工业生产过程中;
通过物理连接接收工业生产过程中的振动;
磁铁响应振动而运动通过线圈,并且在线圈中产生电流;
给过程装置的电路提供电流;以及
采用传感器检测振动,并且根据所检测的振动来调节磁铁的取向。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,包括根据电流来诊断工业生产过程的运行。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,根据振动幅值来进行诊断。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,根据振动频率来进行诊断。
21.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,根据振动中的标记来进行诊断。
22.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,根据振动和所存储的数据来进行诊断。
23.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,包括根据线圈电流来存储能量。
24.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,包括整流线圈电流。
25.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,检测振动包括监测三轴加速仪的输出。
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CN101517383A (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
JP2009538473A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
JP5166406B2 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
EP2637002A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
WO2008024142A2 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
EP2021305A2 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
US7913566B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 |
WO2008024142A8 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
US20070273496A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
EP2637001A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
WO2008024142A3 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
EP2637001B1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
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