CN101435451A - Movable arm potential energy recovery method and apparatus of hydraulic excavator - Google Patents
Movable arm potential energy recovery method and apparatus of hydraulic excavator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101435451A CN101435451A CNA2008101438747A CN200810143874A CN101435451A CN 101435451 A CN101435451 A CN 101435451A CN A2008101438747 A CNA2008101438747 A CN A2008101438747A CN 200810143874 A CN200810143874 A CN 200810143874A CN 101435451 A CN101435451 A CN 101435451A
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- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于机电一体化技术领域,涉及一种液压挖掘机动臂势能回收方法及装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of mechatronics, and relates to a method and a device for recovering potential energy of a hydraulic excavator arm.
背景技术 Background technique
液压挖掘机是一种典型的周期性作业设备,动臂的下降是其工作周期的一个典型环节。当液压挖掘机动臂下降时,普通液压挖掘机是通过控制阀的开度来调节工作臂的下降速度,通过关闭控制阀实现动臂下降运动的停止。普通液压挖掘机通常没有能量回收装置,动臂下放过程中释放的势能大部分消耗在控制阀上,造成了能量的浪费。The hydraulic excavator is a typical periodic operation equipment, and the lowering of the boom is a typical part of its work cycle. When the boom of the hydraulic excavator is lowered, the ordinary hydraulic excavator adjusts the lowering speed of the working arm through the opening of the control valve, and stops the lowering movement of the boom by closing the control valve. Ordinary hydraulic excavators usually do not have an energy recovery device, and most of the potential energy released during the lowering of the boom is consumed on the control valve, resulting in a waste of energy.
混合动力液压挖掘机由于装有蓄电池和发电机,理论上可以把液压挖掘机动臂下降过程中的势能回收成电能并存储于蓄电池中,在适当的时候再用于驱动电动机做功。现有的油电混合动力液压挖掘机动臂势能回收方法大多采用在动臂液压缸回油路上串接液压马达和发电机,通过液压马达驱动发电机把动臂的势能回收成电能。由于液压挖掘机动臂下降过程中可以进行能量回收的时间通常小于2秒钟,且回收过程中液压油的压力波动大,导致发电机工作在低效率区、能量回收的效率非常低。Since the hybrid hydraulic excavator is equipped with a battery and a generator, it can theoretically recover the potential energy during the lowering of the hydraulic excavator arm into electrical energy and store it in the battery, which can then be used to drive the motor to do work at an appropriate time. Most of the existing oil-electric hybrid hydraulic excavator arm potential energy recovery methods use a hydraulic motor and a generator connected in series on the return line of the hydraulic cylinder of the boom, and the potential energy of the boom is recovered into electrical energy through the hydraulic motor driving the generator. Since the energy recovery time during the lowering process of the hydraulic excavator arm is usually less than 2 seconds, and the pressure fluctuation of the hydraulic oil during the recovery process is large, the generator works in a low-efficiency area, and the efficiency of energy recovery is very low.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种液压挖掘机动臂势能回收方法及装置,以提高液压挖掘机动臂势能的回收效率。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and device for recovering the potential energy of the arm of the hydraulic excavator, so as to improve the recovery efficiency of the potential energy of the arm of the hydraulic excavator.
本发明的技术解决方案如下:Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种液压挖掘机动臂势能回收方法,其特征在于,先通过蓄能器把液压缸回缩过程中的势能储存,再将蓄能器中的储能驱动发电机发电,实现液压挖掘机动臂势能的回收。A method for recovering the potential energy of a hydraulic excavator arm, which is characterized in that the potential energy in the retraction process of the hydraulic cylinder is first stored through an accumulator, and then the energy stored in the accumulator is used to drive a generator to generate electricity to realize hydraulic excavation maneuvering. Recovery of arm potential energy.
所述储存势能的方式是将势能转换成压力能。The way of storing potential energy is to convert potential energy into pressure energy.
所述的蓄能器和发电机之间通过比例阀连接以控制发电机的转速。The accumulator and the generator are connected through a proportional valve to control the rotation speed of the generator.
一种液压挖掘机动臂势能回收装置,其特征在于,包括液压缸、油箱、储能器、马达、发电机和储能装置;所述的液压缸的一端通过第一电磁阀与油箱连接;另一端通过第二电磁阀与油箱连接;所述的液压缸的无杆端与储能器通过第三电磁阀连接;所述的储能器通过第四电磁阀、马达与发电机连接;所述的发电机与储能装置电连接。A potential energy recovery device for a hydraulic excavator arm, characterized in that it includes a hydraulic cylinder, a fuel tank, an energy storage device, a motor, a generator, and an energy storage device; one end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the fuel tank through a first solenoid valve; The other end is connected to the fuel tank through the second solenoid valve; the rodless end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the accumulator through the third solenoid valve; the accumulator is connected to the generator through the fourth solenoid valve and the motor; the The generator described above is electrically connected to the energy storage device.
所述的液压挖掘机动臂势能回收装置还包括控制器,所述的控制器与第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀和第四电磁阀的控制端连接。The hydraulic excavator arm potential energy recovery device further includes a controller, and the controller is connected to the control ends of the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve.
所述的第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀和第三电磁阀均为二位二通电磁阀。The first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are all two-position two-way solenoid valves.
所述的第四电磁阀为二位二通比例阀。The fourth electromagnetic valve is a two-position two-way proportional valve.
所述的发电机通过逆变器与储能装置连接。The generator is connected with the energy storage device through the inverter.
有益效果:Beneficial effect:
本发明实现了液压挖掘机动臂势能的高效回收,其原理是巧妙地通过蓄能器的储能作用改变了液压油用于发电的工作时间,给势能的回收提供了有效的缓冲,另外,通过比例阀的节流控制减小了发电过程中液压油的压力波动,实现了发电机工作转速的调节,提高了发电机的工作效率,进而提高了能量回收的效率。The invention realizes the efficient recovery of the potential energy of the arm of the hydraulic excavator. The principle is that the working time of the hydraulic oil for power generation is cleverly changed through the energy storage function of the accumulator, which provides an effective buffer for the recovery of the potential energy. In addition, The throttling control of the proportional valve reduces the pressure fluctuation of the hydraulic oil during the power generation process, realizes the adjustment of the working speed of the generator, improves the working efficiency of the generator, and then improves the efficiency of energy recovery.
通过蓄能器把液压缸回缩过程中的势能先转换成压力能,然后通过控制器的控制,把蓄能器中的压力油用于驱动发电机发电。由于蓄能器的储能作用,避免了现有能量回收只能发生在液压缸缩回时的不足,有效延长了能量回收的时间。The potential energy in the retraction process of the hydraulic cylinder is first converted into pressure energy through the accumulator, and then the pressure oil in the accumulator is used to drive the generator to generate electricity through the control of the controller. Due to the energy storage function of the accumulator, the deficiency that the existing energy recovery can only occur when the hydraulic cylinder is retracted is avoided, and the energy recovery time is effectively extended.
通过控制器调整二位二通比例阀的开度,保持液压油流过发电机时的压差基本保持不变,实现发电机工作转速的调节,确保发电机工作在高效率区。由此克服了原有的势能回收装置势能回收效率低的缺点。Adjust the opening degree of the two-position two-way proportional valve through the controller to keep the pressure difference when the hydraulic oil flows through the generator basically unchanged, realize the adjustment of the working speed of the generator, and ensure that the generator works in a high-efficiency area. Therefore, the shortcoming of low potential energy recovery efficiency of the original potential energy recovery device is overcome.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为液压挖掘机动臂势能能量回收装置示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a potential energy recovery device for a hydraulic excavator arm.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面实例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是限制发明的范围。The following example is to further illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
实施例1:Example 1:
如图1所示,油电混合动力液压挖掘机动臂势能回收装置,包括液压缸3、控制器1、蓄能器2、二位二通电磁阀4、5和7、二位二通比例阀6(其中二位二通电磁阀4、7和5和二位二通比例阀6分别对应发明内容部分的第一电磁阀、第二电磁阀、第三电磁阀和第四电磁阀)、发电机9、液压马达10、逆变器11、储能器12和油箱8,二位二通电磁阀4、5和7均为常闭电磁阀,二位二通比例阀6为常闭比例阀,二位二通电磁阀4安装在液压缸3有杆腔油口和油箱8之间,二位二通电磁阀7安装在液压缸3无杆腔油口和油箱8之间,二位二通电磁阀5一端与液压缸3无杆腔的油口相连,另一端与二位二通比例阀6相连。蓄能器2安装在二位二通电磁阀5和二位二通比例阀6之间。二位二通比例阀6之后依次串接了液压马达10、发电机9、逆变器11和储能器12。控制器2的输出分别与二位二通电磁阀4、5、7、二位二通比例阀6和发电机9相连。另外需要说明的是:图1中的标号8对应的是同一个油箱,画成多个只是行业画图的标准。As shown in Figure 1, the oil-electric hybrid hydraulic excavator arm potential energy recovery device includes a
该装置的工作过程如下:当液压缸3的活塞杆缩回时,如果不需要进行能量回收,则开启二位二通电磁阀4、7,关闭二位二通电磁阀5和二位二通比例阀6,油箱8中的液压油通过二位二通电磁阀4进入液压缸3的有杆腔,液压缸3无杆腔中的液压油通过二位二通电磁阀7回油箱;如果需要进行能量回收,则先关闭二位二通电磁阀7和二位二通比例阀6,再接通二位二通电磁阀4、5,油箱8中的液压油通过二位二通电磁阀4进入液压缸3的有杆腔,液压缸3无杆腔中的液压油被充入到蓄能器2中。当需要进行能量回收时,控制器1关闭二位二通电磁阀5、7,接通二位二通电磁阀4和二位二通比例阀6,蓄能器2中的压力油流入液压马达10,带动发电机9发电,发电机9产生的电能通过逆变器11存储在储能器12中。The working process of the device is as follows: When the piston rod of the
通过蓄能器2把液压缸3回缩过程中的势能先转换成压力能,然后通过控制器1的控制,把蓄能器2中的压力油用于驱动发电机9发电。由于蓄能器2的储能作用,避免了现有能量回收只能发生在液压缸3缩回时的不足,有效延长了能量回收的时间。The potential energy in the retraction process of the
通过控制器1调整二位二通比例阀6的开度,保持液压油流过发电机9时的压差基本保持不变,实现发电机9输出稳定的电能以及实现发动机9工作转速的调节,确保发电机9工作在高效率区。Adjust the opening degree of the two-position two-way
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