CN101430251B - Vehicle component real object collision test method and tester - Google Patents

Abstract

A vehicle component physical collision test method and test device, the method comprising: fixing the vehicle component on a carrying trolley that can run along a track, and increasing the speed of the carrying trolley through a driving system to a test value, and then preparing to hit a collision wall; When the carrying trolley runs to a set position before the impact wall, the trigger device is activated to separate the drive system from the carrying trolley, so that the test piece and the carrying trolley collide with the collision wall without driving power; the carrying trolley is set The vehicle-mounted acceleration test system completes data collection in real time; the trigger device simultaneously triggers the speed test system, impact force test system and high-speed camera system. The vehicle component object collision test method and test device can measure the objective data such as the impact force, transient acceleration, component deformation, and the speed output at the moment of collision of the vehicle component object in the whole process of collision in real time, and can also record the components during the entire collision process. Warp sequential images for scientifically accurate analysis results.

Description

Physical crash test method and test device for vehicle components

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of structural crashworthiness research of vehicle parts, and in particular relates to a collision test method and a test device for carrying out physical collision tests on vehicle parts, especially vehicle energy-absorbing parts.

Background technique

At present, there are three methods to study vehicle large deformation collision: theoretical research, physical experiment and numerical simulation. Theoretical research can grasp the essence of the problem and provide some directional suggestions for physical experiments and numerical simulation modeling, but relatively speaking, theoretical research requires a lot of simplification, and the results are rough. The physical test verification is indispensable in the whole research, but the physical test requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, and is extremely dangerous. Such as automobiles, etc., can still be subjected to real vehicle crash tests, but the weight of railway vehicles is several tens of times that of automobiles, and the reaction force when a collision occurs will also be dozens of times that of automobiles. It is not practical to carry out the crash test of the whole vehicle.

With the rapid increase of train speed in our country, train safety has become an important symbol of the development of modern high-speed railway technology. Train collision accidents seriously endanger the life and property safety of passengers and crew members. It is necessary to fundamentally prevent the occurrence of such accidents, but it is still difficult to do so at present. In order to reduce the losses caused by train collision accidents, it is an important way to reduce the losses caused by train collision accidents by conducting multi-body coupled impact dynamics research on trains and developing impact-resistant and energy-absorbing car bodies. Vehicle) is an inevitable trend of development.

In the study of the crashworthiness of train structures, experimental research is an effective means that can reflect the real situation. However, due to the large scale and high cost of the vehicle test, it cannot be repeated as a destructive test, and the actual product is required, so the posterior test is generally used; for vehicle energy-absorbing parts (including load-bearing energy-absorbing structures and special energy-absorbing parts) Carrying out physical crash tests is the main basis for designing impact-resistant and energy-absorbing car bodies. At present, the impact tests on vehicle components are mostly limited to the analysis and research of the results after impact under certain conditions. Since the collision process is a short violent impact, and the development of vehicle component deformation is unpredictable, the current impact test lacks science. sex and objectivity.

Contents of the invention

One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a vehicle component object collision test method that can realize real-time comprehensive collection of various measurement parameter data such as deformation and acceleration of the vehicle component object during the collision process, which can realize the vehicle component object object collision test method. Carry out collisions with pre-set conditions and obtain detailed and scientific data to ensure the accuracy and objectivity of column collision test analysis.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a physical crash test device for vehicle components. The test device is reasonably designed, and can realize reasonable control of the crash test process and the time-varying curves of deformation, acceleration, and impact force of parts during the crash process and Acquisition of velocity, etc. at the moment of impact contact.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:

A vehicle component object collision test method is characterized in that the collision test method comprises:

Fixing the vehicle parts on a carrying trolley that can run along the track, and pulling the carrying trolley through a drive system to increase the speed of the carrying trolley to a test value and then preparing to hit a collision wall;

When the carrying trolley runs to a set position before the impact wall, the trigger device is activated to separate the drive system from the carrying trolley, so that the test piece and the carrying trolley collide with the collision wall without driving power;

The vehicle-mounted acceleration test system is set on the carrier trolley to complete the test and data acquisition including transient acceleration in real time;

The triggering device simultaneously triggers the speed test system, the impact force test system and the high-speed camera system to collect data on impact force, impact speed and impact sequence images;

The collected data is analyzed by a computer for crash test results.

Specifically, the crash test method also includes:

A braking system is used to control the carrying trolley. When the running speed of the carrying trolley does not meet the set speed mode, the driving system is braked urgently to stop the carrying trolley.

Further speaking, the crash test method also includes:

A PID (proportional, integral and differential) controller, a speed controller, and a drive system motion control box are used to set and control the traction speed of the drive system.

A physical collision test device for vehicle components, characterized in that the collision test device comprises:

A test platform, the test platform includes a test line and a collision wall, one side of the collision wall is provided with a track, and the carrying trolley is placed on the track;

The driving system includes a traction rope and a traction motor, and the traction rope is connected to the carrying trolley and driven by the traction motor;

The test system includes a speed test system and an impact test system, and the impact test system includes an impact sensor for real-time determination of impact force;

The high-speed photography system includes a high-speed camera installed at the end of the collision wall, and is used to collect and record deformation sequence images of the vehicle components during the collision.

Specifically, in the crash test device, the front end of the carrying trolley is fixedly placed with vehicle components, and a rope release mechanism is provided on the track close to the collision wall to separate the traction rope from the carrying platform workshop. The traction motor It is arranged on the side of the track, and the traction rope is connected to the carrying trolley and then connected to the traction motor through the steering mechanism.

The drive system also includes a pullback device, which includes a pullback rope and a pullback motor, and the pullback motor is driven and connected to the carrying trolley through the pullback rope; the pullback motor is arranged at the other end of the track It is used for the reset of the carrying trolley, and a lock-back device is provided between the traction motor and the pull-back motor, which is used to lock the other motor when one motor is running.

The test device also includes a braking system, which includes a first braking device arranged at the end of the traction motor, and the first braking device controls the starting, acceleration and running speed of the carrying trolley of the traction motor, The test system is started, and the first braking device initiates emergency braking on the traction motor under abnormal conditions.

The speed test system includes a speed control box and a speed sensor arranged at the front end of the collision wall, a trigger device is arranged on the track, and the speed control box detects and obtains the speed value of the carrying trolley moving to the speed sensor and the trigger device.

The test system also includes a vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, including a vehicle-mounted computer, an acceleration sensor, and an acceleration acquisition instrument, and the vehicle-mounted computer, acceleration sensor, and acceleration acquisition instrument are all fixedly placed on the carrier trolley.

The test device also includes a control system, the control system includes a PID controller, a speed controller and a drive control box for controlling the speed of the carrying trolley and the operation of the test device.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the vehicle component object collision test method and test device can measure objective data such as the impact force, transient acceleration, component deformation, and speed output at the moment of collision of the vehicle component object in real time during the entire collision process, and can also Record images of deformation sequences of components throughout impact for scientifically accurate analysis.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so as to further understand the effects and embodiments of the present invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of part of the hardware composition of the test device in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the side structure schematic diagram of test platform in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the principle block diagram of control system in the specific embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a test system in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The collision test method of the physical object of the vehicle component is to carry out the collision test on the 1:1 physical object of the vehicle, and obtain the deformation, acceleration, impact force versus time curve of the component during the collision process and the speed at the moment of impact contact. The vehicle parts to be impacted are fixed on the front end of the carrying trolley. The carrying trolley can be driven along a track by a drive system. The drive system can use an electromagnetic speed-adjustable motor as power, and the running speed of the carrying trolley can be controlled by acceleration control. Continuous improving. In this process, the PID controller can be used to continuously increase the power of the electromagnetic speed-adjusting motor, so that the input speed of the motor continues to increase, so that the running speed of the carrying trolley continues to increase. The running speed of the carrying trolley will be controlled by the speed controller or Other measurement and control devices are used for display and control. When the running speed is abnormal, the braking system will automatically cut off the power supply of the electromagnetic speed-regulating motor, so that the carrying trolley stops running.

When the carrying trolley runs to a set position before hitting the wall, trigger devices such as the detachment block and travel switch are activated to separate the drive connection between the carrying trolley and the electromagnetic speed-regulating motor, and the drive system stops operating the carrying trolley. The driving of the carrier trolley makes the vehicle parts collide with the wall under the unpowered driving operation. At the same time, the trigger device such as the travel switch also triggers the on-board acceleration test system, speed test system, impact force test system and high-speed camera system. The impact acceleration, impact force and impact sequence images are used for data collection and storage. After the impact is completed, all the collected data can be transmitted to the upper computer through serial port communication, and the actual process of acceleration and impact force is output after processing and analysis.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the physical collision test device for vehicle components is mainly composed of a test platform 10, a drive system, a test system, a high-speed photography system, and a monitoring system.

The test platform 10 is composed of a collision wall 11, a test line, and a carrying trolley 16. The test line is an elevated single-track track 14, all of which use concrete integral subgrades. The tracks use standard steel rails with a length of about 170m. An off-rope bump block 13 is provided. The carrying trolley 16 is welded by channel steel, with a self-weight of about 750Kg. It can carry the bottom frame of the vehicle and hit the collision wall 11 at a certain speed. The carrying trolley is also equipped with a wire rope clamping device, an acceleration sensor mounting seat and an acceleration sensor. wait. The collision wall 11 is a reinforced concrete structure, and a force-measuring wall is installed on the collision surface.

The driving system is composed of a traction device 20 and a pull-back device 30. The traction device 20 is installed on the side of the collision wall. The function is to accelerate the carrying trolley 16 before hitting the collision wall 11 to reach the speed required by the test. A speed sensor 12 is also arranged at the adjacent place between the track and the collision wall for measuring the speed before collision. The pullback device 30 is mainly composed of an electromagnetic speed-regulating motor 31, a winch reel, and a pullback wire rope 17. Its function is to make the carrying trolley 16 and the traction wire rope 23 return to their original positions after the impact test is completed, so as to facilitate the next test. An interlocking device is arranged between the two electromagnetic speed-regulating motors 21 and 31, so that the traction device 20 and the pull-back device 30 cannot work at the same time.

The drive system is also provided with a brake system, such as the first brake device 22 arranged at the end of the traction device 20, and the second brake device 32 arranged at the end of the pull-back device 30, when the output speed of the traction device 20 exceeds the set speed value or other abnormal conditions, the first braking device 22 cuts off the electromagnetic slip clutch on the electromagnetic speed regulating motor 21 and the power supply of the hydraulic push rod brake configured, and the second braking device 32 can prompt the electromagnetic speed regulating motor 31 to tighten back Pull cord 17, implement emergency braking, terminate impact test.

One side of the test platform 10 is provided with a control room 40 configured with a control system, which includes a PID controller, a speed controller, a traction and pullback motion control box, and the like. The function of the PID controller is to continuously compare the set speed and the output speed, and continuously adjust the current intensity in the electromagnetic slip clutch to control the output speed of the electromagnetic speed regulating motor. As shown in the working principle block diagram in Figure 3, the control system can control the acceleration of the traction motor, that is, the electromagnetic speed-regulating motor. The actions of a series of relays in the pullback control box realize the pullback control of the carrier trolley, start the braking system or test system through the control of the trigger device, and realize the control of the accident termination by starting the braking system.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, two sets of high-speed cameras 51 and 52 are arranged at the end of the collision wall for collecting and recording deformation sequence images of vehicle components during collision. For all kinds of accidents that may occur and uncertain factors during operation, a monitoring system is also installed in this test device, including a closed-circuit camera 61 for monitoring the traction device 20, and a closed-circuit camera 62 for monitoring the pullback device 30. , and a camera 63 for monitoring the operation of the carrier trolley.

Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of the test system used in this test device. It is composed of an acceleration test system 200 , an impact force test system 300 and a speed test system 100 . The acceleration test system 200 is a vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, including high-speed transient test, collection, processing, and storage systems. It is composed of solidified software and hardware industrial computer, including real-time acquisition, preprocessing, online communication and debugging software. The hardware includes four-channel data acquisition motherboard, acceleration sensor, and signal conditioning gas, serial communication interface, and power supply. The vehicle-mounted acceleration test system has a maximum sampling frequency of 10kHz, 16-bit A/D conversion, a full-scale error of 0.2%, a conversion and storage time of 100 μs, and a data storage capacity of 32K (bytes) per channel.

The impact force test system 300 is composed of a plurality of transistor impact force sensors activated by power-on hydraulic push rod brakes, a charge amplifier and a data acquisition and analysis module. Impact parameters can be measured in real time.

The speed test system 100 adopts a photoelectric speed measuring device, which can display the speed of the trolley in the whole process on the speed control box, and refresh the output display every 2 seconds. 6 meters before hitting the rigid wall, the speed control box receives a trigger signal from the trigger device and records the speed of the trolley at this moment. After the impact, the speed control box directly displays the speed of the carrying trolley before the impact according to the measured value of the speed sensor 12 . At the same time, the speed value can also be fed back to the braking system to confirm whether the braking system needs to be activated.

Claims (9)

1. a vehicle component real object collision test device, is mainly comprised of test platform (10), drive system, test macro, high-speed photography system, surveillance, it is characterized in that:

This test platform (10) is comprised of collision wall (11), test circuit, carrying trolley (16), test circuit is overhead system single-line railway (14), adopt the whole roadbed of concrete, track adopts standard rail, length is 170m, apart from colliding wall 6m place, is being provided with de-rope collision block (13); Carrying trolley (16) is welded by channel-section steel, deadweight 750Kg, can with certain speed, clash into and collide wall (11) by equipped vehicle end underframe, clamping device for steel cable, acceleration transducer mount pad and acceleration transducer are also installed in carrying trolley; Colliding wall (11) is reinforced concrete structure, and striking face is provided with dynamometric wall;

Drive system is comprised of draw-gear (20) and withdrawing device (30), draw-gear (20) is arranged on and collides wall side, it is mainly comprised of wire-arranging mechanism (24), electromagnetic adjustable speed motor (21), twisted rope dish (25) and haulage cable (23), the effect of draw-gear (20) is to make carrying trolley (16) collide wall (11) at shock to accelerate before, reach the speed of testing requirements, at track, be also provided with speed pickup (12) with colliding wall adjoiner, for colliding the mensuration of front speed; Withdrawing device (30) is mainly comprised of electromagnetic adjustable speed motor (31), twisted rope dish, the wire rope of pulling back (17), its function is after completing impact test, make carrying trolley (16) and haulage cable (23) get back to original position, so that test next time; Between two electromagnetic adjustable speed motors (21) and (31), be provided with interlock, draw-gear (20) and withdrawing device (30) can not be worked simultaneously;

Test macro is comprised of acceleration test system (200), impact test macro (300) and speed testing system (100); Wherein acceleration test system (200) is vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, comprises High-speed transient test, collection, processing, storage system; The software and hardware industrial computer being solidified togather, consist of, comprise Real-time Collection, pre-service, on-line communication and debugging software, hardware comprises four-way data acquisition mainboard, acceleration transducer and signal conditioner, serial communication interface, power supply; The highest sample frequency 10kHz of vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, adopts 16 A/D conversions, full scale error 0.2%, conversion and μ s storage times 100, the every passage 32K of data storage capacity byte;

High-speed photography system has two groups of high-speed camera instrument (51,52), is arranged on and collides wall end, for gathering and record the Deformation Series image of knockout process vehicle part;

Surveillance comprises for monitoring the closed circuit camera (61) of draw-gear (20), for monitoring the closed circuit camera (62) of withdrawing device (30), and for monitoring the camera (63) of carrying trolley operation.

2. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in drive system, be also provided with brake system, be arranged on first clamping device (22) of draw-gear (20) end, with the second clamping device (32) that is arranged on withdrawing device (30) end, when draw-gear (20) output speed exceeds setting speed value or other abnormal conditions, electromagnetic slip clutches on the first clamping device (22) cut-out electromagnetic adjustable speed motor (21) and the hydraulic push-rod brake power supply of configuration, the second clamping device (32) can impel electromagnetic adjustable speed motor (31) to strain the rope (17) of pulling back, implement brake hard, stop impact test.

3. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the pulpit (40) that is provided with configuration control system in a side of test platform (10), this control system comprises, PID controller, speed control, motion control case draws and pull back; The effect of PID controller is to continue relatively to set rotating speed and output speed, constantly adjusts the output speed that strength of current in electromagnetic slip clutches is controlled electromagnetic adjustable speed motor; This control system can be to traction electric machine, the acceleration that is electromagnetic adjustable speed motor is controlled, Negotiation speed controller is realized the acceleration of motion of carrying trolley and movement velocity is controlled, action by a series of relays in traction control case and the control box of pulling back realizes the control that carrying trolley is pulled back, and by the control of flip flop equipment, brake system or test macro are started, and realize by starting brake system the control that accident is stopped.

4. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: electric crystal shock sensors, charge amplifier and data collection and analysis module that impact test macro (300) is started by a plurality of hydraulic push-rod brake energisings form, and impact parameter is carried out to the real time measure.

5. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: electric crystal shock sensors, charge amplifier and data collection and analysis module that impact test macro (300) is started by a plurality of hydraulic push-rod brake energisings form, and impact parameter is carried out to the real time measure.

6. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: speed testing system (100) adopts photoelectrical velocity measure equipment, and on speed control box, the omnidistance speed that shows chassis, refreshes one time output display for every 2 seconds; Clashing into front 6 meters of of rigid wall, speed control box receives flip flop equipment and sends trigger pip, records this carrying trolley speed constantly; After shock finishes, speed control box directly shows the speed of clashing into front carrying trolley according to the measured value of speed pickup (12); Also this velocity amplitude can be fed back to brake system, to be confirmed whether starting brake system simultaneously.

7. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: speed testing system (100) adopts photoelectrical velocity measure equipment, and on speed control box, the omnidistance speed that shows chassis, refreshes one time output display for every 2 seconds; Clashing into front 6 meters of of rigid wall, speed control box receives flip flop equipment and sends trigger pip, records this carrying trolley speed constantly; After shock finishes, speed control box directly shows the speed of clashing into front carrying trolley according to the measured value of speed pickup (12); Also this velocity amplitude can be fed back to brake system, to be confirmed whether starting brake system simultaneously.

8. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 4, is characterized in that: speed testing system (100) adopts photoelectrical velocity measure equipment, and on speed control box, the omnidistance speed that shows chassis, refreshes one time output display for every 2 seconds; Clashing into front 6 meters of of rigid wall, speed control box receives flip flop equipment and sends trigger pip, records this carrying trolley speed constantly; After shock finishes, speed control box directly shows the speed of clashing into front carrying trolley according to the measured value of speed pickup (12); Also this velocity amplitude can be fed back to brake system, to be confirmed whether starting brake system simultaneously.

9. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 5, is characterized in that: speed testing system (100) adopts photoelectrical velocity measure equipment, and on speed control box, the omnidistance speed that shows chassis, refreshes one time output display for every 2 seconds; Clashing into front 6 meters of of rigid wall, speed control box receives flip flop equipment and sends trigger pip, records this carrying trolley speed constantly; After shock finishes, speed control box directly shows the speed of clashing into front carrying trolley according to the measured value of speed pickup (12); Also this velocity amplitude can be fed back to brake system, to be confirmed whether starting brake system simultaneously.

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