CN101430251A - Vehicle component real object collision test method and tester - Google Patents
Vehicle component real object collision test method and tester Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
车辆部件实物碰撞试验方法及试验装置，该方法包括：将车辆部件固定于可沿轨道运行的载运台车上，通过驱动系统牵引该载运台车的速度增加至一测试值后准备撞击冲撞墙；当载运台车运行至冲撞墙前一设定位置时启动触发装置，使驱动系统与载运台车脱离，使待测试件和载运台车无驱动动力下撞击冲撞墙；所述载运台车上设置车载加速度测试系统实时完成数据采集；所述触发装置同时触发速度测试系统、撞击力测试系统和高速摄像系统。该车辆部件实物碰撞试验方法及试验装置能够实时地测定车辆部件实物在碰撞全过程的撞击力、瞬态加速度、部件变形以及碰撞瞬间的速度输出等客观数据，还可记录整个撞击过程中部件的变形序列图像，以获得科学准确的分析结果。
A vehicle component physical collision test method and test device, the method comprising: fixing the vehicle component on a carrying trolley that can run along a track, and increasing the speed of the carrying trolley through a driving system to a test value, and then preparing to hit a collision wall; When the carrying trolley moves to a set position before the impact wall, the trigger device is activated to separate the drive system from the carrying trolley, so that the test piece and the carrying trolley collide with the collision wall without driving power; the carrying trolley is set The vehicle-mounted acceleration test system completes data collection in real time; the trigger device simultaneously triggers the speed test system, the impact force test system and the high-speed camera system. The vehicle component object collision test method and test device can measure the objective data such as the impact force, transient acceleration, component deformation, and the speed output at the moment of collision of the vehicle component object in the whole process of collision in real time, and can also record the components during the entire collision process. Warp sequential images for scientifically accurate analysis results.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the structure Study on Crashworthiness technical field of vehicle component, be specifically related to a kind of collision test method and test unit thereof that particularly vehicle energy-absorbing parts is carried out real object collision test for vehicle component real object.
Background technology
The method of research vehicle large deformation collision at present has three kinds of theoretical research, actual loading test and numerical simulations.Theoretical research can grasping the essentials of a problem property thing, for actual loading test and numerical simulation modeling provide the suggestion of some directivity, but comparatively speaking, theoretical research need be done a large amount of simplification, the result more slightly makes.The actual loading test checking is indispensable in the whole research, but actual loading test needs great amount of manpower and material resources and financial resources, and dangerous especially big.Still can carry out real vehicle collision test as automobile etc., but the weight of rail truck is tens times of automobile, the reacting force when bump takes place also will be tens of times of automobile.The impact test of carrying out car load does not have real operation.
Along with the quick raising of China's train running speed, train traffic safety has become the important symbol of Modern High-Speed railway technology development.The train collision accident seriously jeopardizes passenger and crew member's life, property safety, should fundamentally stop the generation of this type of accident, but still is difficult at present accomplish.For alleviating the loss that the train collision accident causes, carry out the research of the many body couplings of train impact dynamics, the development Crashworthy raiway car-body with energy absorbing is the important channel that alleviates train bump accident casualty loss, also is the inexorable trend of world's railroad car bodywork structure (comprising urban rail transit vehicles) development.
In the train composition Study on Crashworthiness, experimental study is a kind of means that effectively also can reflect truth.But because the complete vehicle test scale is big, the expense height carries out as destructive test is not reproducible, and actual product need be arranged, and generally adopts the posteriority test; Vehicle energy-absorbing parts (comprising carrying endergonic structure and special-purpose absorption cell) are carried out real object collision test, are the main bases of design Crashworthy raiway car-body with energy absorbing.Present impact test to vehicle part is limited to more to be analyzed and studies the result behind the bump under the certain condition, because collision process is an of short duration fierce impact, and the development of vehicle part distortion has Unpredictability, and therefore present impact test lacks science and objectivity.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of realization that can be real-time every measured parameter data such as the distortion of vehicle component real object in knockout process, acceleration to be carried out the vehicle component real object collision test method of synthetical collection, it can realize the collision of condition that vehicle component real object is presetted, and obtain the data of full and accurate science, guarantee accuracy and objectivity that the row impact test is analyzed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vehicle component real object collision test device, this design of test is reasonable, can realize to reasonable control and the parts of collision process of the test the distortion of collision process, acceleration, impact in time change curve contact the collection of the speed etc. of moment with bump.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of vehicle component real object collision test method is characterized in that this collision test method comprises:
With vehicle part be fixed in one can Orbiting carrying trolley on, the speed of drawing this carrying trolley by a drive system increases to be prepared bump one behind the test value and collides wall;
Startup flip flop equipment when carrying trolley moves to the last desired location of collision wall breaks away from drive system and carrying trolley, makes test specimen to be measured and carrying trolley not have the power of driving and clashes into the collision wall down;
Vehicle-mounted acceleration test system is set on the described carrying trolley finishes test and the data acquisition that comprises instantaneous acceleration in real time;
Described flip flop equipment triggers speed testing system, impact test macro and high speed video system simultaneously, carries out the data acquisition of impact, stroke speed and collision sequence image;
The data of described collection are carried out the impact test interpretation of result by computing machine.
Concretely, described collision test method also comprises:
Adopt brake system control carrying trolley, occur not meeting when the travelling speed of delivery chassis under the situation of setting speed pattern drive system is carried out brake hard, make carrying trolley out of service.
Say that further described collision test method also comprises:
Adopt PID (ratio, integration and differential) controller, speed control, drive system motion control case that the haulage speed of described drive system is set and controlled.
A kind of vehicle component real object collision test device is characterized in that this collision test device comprises:
Test platform, this test platform comprise test circuit and collision wall, and a side of described collision wall is provided with track, and the carrying trolley activity is positioned on the described track;
Drive system comprises a traction rope and traction electric machine, and described traction rope connects carrying trolley and driven by traction electric machine;
Test macro comprises speed testing system and impact test macro, and described impact test macro comprises the shock sensors of The real time measure impact;
The high-speed photography system comprises the high-speed camera instrument that is arranged on described collision wall end, is used for gathering and writing down the distortion sequence image of knockout process vehicle part.
Concretely, the front end fixed placement vehicle part of carrying trolley described in this collision test device, described being provided with near the track that collides wall taken off rope mechanism, be used to make between traction rope and carrying trolley and break away from, described traction electric machine is arranged on the sidepiece of track, and traction rope connects the delivery chassis after steering mechanism connects traction electric machine.
Described drive system also comprises a withdrawing device, and this withdrawing device comprises the pull back rope and the motor of pulling back, and the described motor of pulling back drives by the rope of pulling back and connects carrying trolley; The other end that this motor of pulling back is arranged on track is used for resetting of carrying trolley, and described traction electric machine and pull back and be provided with back locking device between motor is used for locking another motor when a motor moves.
Described test unit also comprises a brake system, this brake system comprises first clamping device that is arranged on described traction electric machine end, startup, acceleration and the delivery chassis travelling speed of described first clamping device control traction electric machine, start test macro, described first clamping device starts brake hard to traction electric machine under abnormal conditions.
Described speed testing system comprises speed control case and the speed pickup that is arranged on collision wall front end, and described track is provided with flip flop equipment, and the speed control case detects and obtains the velocity amplitude that carrying trolley moves to speed pickup and flip flop equipment place.
Described test macro also comprises a vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, comprises truck-mounted computer, acceleration transducer and acceleration Acquisition Instrument, and described truck-mounted computer, acceleration transducer and acceleration Acquisition Instrument all are fixedly set on the described carrying trolley.
Described test unit also comprises a control system, and described control system comprises PID controller, speed control and drive control box, is used to control the speed of delivery chassis and the operation of test unit.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, this vehicle component real object collision test method and test unit can be measured the objective datas such as speed output of vehicle component real object in impact, instantaneous acceleration, part distortion and the impact moment of collision overall process in real time, also can write down the distortion sequence image of parts in the whole knockout process, to obtain the science accurate analytical results.
The invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, so that further understand effect of the present invention and embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the part hardware of test unit in the specific embodiment of the invention is formed structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the side structure synoptic diagram of test platform among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the functional-block diagram of control system in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the composition block diagram of test macro in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
This vehicle component real object collision test method is that the 1:1 parts material object to vehicle carries out impact test, obtain parts the distortion of collision process, acceleration, impact in time change curve contact the speed of moment with bump.The vehicle component real object that clashes into is fixed on the carrying trolley front end, and this carrying trolley can be along a track by a drive systems, and this drive system can adopt electromagnetic adjustable speed motor as power, by quickening control the travelling speed of carrying trolley is improved constantly.In this process, can adopt the PID controller to continue to increase the power of electromagnetic adjustable speed motor, the motor input speed is continued to increase, the travelling speed of carrying trolley is continued to increase, the travelling speed of this carrying trolley can show and controls by speed control or other measure and control devices, when its travelling speed occurs when unusual, brake system is cut off the power supply of electromagnetic adjustable speed motor automatically, makes carrying trolley out of service.
When carrying trolley moves to the last desired location of collision wall, startup is such as taking off flip flop equipments such as rope collision block and travel switch, carrying trolley is connected with driving between electromagnetic adjustable speed motor separates, drive system stops the driving to carrying trolley, carrying trolley makes the vehicle component real object bump collide wall under unpowered driving operation, meanwhile, flip flop equipment such as travel switch also trigger vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, speed testing system, impact test macro and high speed video system, carry out impact acceleration, impact and collision sequence image carry out data acquisition and storage, after bump is finished, all image data all can transfer to by serial communication and be computing machine, and are treated, analyze the course of putting into practice of output acceleration and impact.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this vehicle component real object collision test device mainly is made up of test platform 10, drive system, test macro, high-speed photography system, surveillance.
This test platform 10 is made up of collision wall 11, test circuit, carrying trolley 16, test circuit is an overhead system single line track 14, all adopts the whole roadbed of concrete, and track adopts the standard rail, length is about 170m, is provided with at the about 6m of distance collision wall place and takes off rope collision block 13.Carrying trolley 16 is welded by channel-section steel, and about 750Kg that conducts oneself with dignity can collide wall 11 with certain speed bump by equipped vehicle end underframe, wire rope also is installed on the carrying trolley clamps device, acceleration transducer mount pad and acceleration transducer etc.Colliding wall 11 is reinforced concrete structure, and striking face is equipped with the dynamometry wall.
Drive system is made up of draw-gear 20 and withdrawing device 30, draw-gear 20 is installed in and collides the wall side, it mainly is made up of wire-arranging mechanism 24, electromagnetic adjustable speed motor 21, twisted rope dish 25 and haulage cable 23, the effect of draw-gear 20 is that carrying trolley 16 was quickened before bump collides wall 11, reach the speed of testing requirements, the mensuration of speed before track also is provided with speed pickup 12 with colliding the wall adjoiner, is used to collide.Withdrawing device 30 mainly is made up of electromagnetic adjustable speed motor 31, twisted rope dish, the wire rope 17 of pulling back, and its function is after finishing impact test, makes carrying trolley 16 and haulage cable 23 get back to original position, so that test next time.Be provided with interlock two electromagnetic adjustable speed motors 21 and 31, draw-gear 20 and withdrawing device 30 can not be worked simultaneously.
In drive system, also be provided with brake system, for example be arranged on first clamping device 22 of draw-gear 20 ends, with second clamping device 32 that is arranged on withdrawing device 30 ends, when draw-gear 20 output speeds exceed setting speed value or other abnormal conditions, the electromagnetic slip clutches on first clamping device, the 22 cut-out electromagnetic adjustable speed motors 21 and the hydraulic push-rod brake power supply of configuration, second clamping device 32 can impel electromagnetic adjustable speed motor 31 to strain the rope 17 of pulling back, implement brake hard, stop impact test.
Be provided with the pulpit 40 of configuration control system in a side of test platform 10, this control system comprises, PID controller, speed control, motion control case etc. draws and pull back.The effect of PID controller is to continue relatively to set rotating speed and output speed, constantly adjusts the output speed that strength of current in the electromagnetic slip clutches is controlled electromagnetic adjustable speed motor.Principle of work block scheme as shown in Figure 3, this control system can be to traction electric machine, be the acceleration control of electromagnetic adjustable speed motor, realize the acceleration of motion and the movement velocity of carrying trolley are controlled by speed control, realize control that carrying trolley is pulled back by traction control case and the action of a series of relays in the control box of pulling back, and brake system or test macro are started, and realize control that accident is stopped by starting brake system by the control of flip flop equipment.
As Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, also be provided with two groups of high- speed camera instrument 51,52 at collision wall end, be used for gathering and writing down the distortion sequence image of knockout process vehicle part.Be uncertain factor at contingent all kinds of accidents and when operation, surveillance also is installed in this test unit, comprise the closed circuit camera 61 that is used to monitor draw-gear 20, be used to monitor the closed circuit camera 62 of withdrawing device 30, and the camera 63 that is used to monitor the carrying trolley operation.
As the composition block diagram of Fig. 4 for the test macro that this test unit adopted.It is made up of acceleration test system 200, impact test macro 300 and speed testing system 100.Wherein acceleration test system 200 is a vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, comprises High-speed transient test, collection, processing, storage system.Be made up of the software and hardware industrial computer that is solidified togather, comprise real-time collection, pre-service, on-line communication and debugging software, hardware comprises four-way data acquisition mainboard, acceleration transducer and signal condition gas, serial communication interface, power supply.This vehicle-mounted acceleration test the highest sample frequency 10kHz of system adopts 16 A/D conversions, full scale error 0.2%, conversion and μ s storage times 100, the every passage 32K of data storage capacity (byte).
Impact test macro 300 is made up of electric crystal shock sensors, charge amplifier and data collection and analysis module that a plurality of hydraulic push-rod brake energisings start.Can carry out The real time measure to impact parameter.
Claims (10)
1. vehicle component real object collision test method is characterized in that this collision test method comprises:
With vehicle part be fixed in one can Orbiting carrying trolley on, the speed of drawing this carrying trolley by a drive system increases to be prepared bump one behind the test value and collides wall;
Startup flip flop equipment when carrying trolley moves to the last desired location of collision wall breaks away from drive system and carrying trolley, makes test specimen to be measured and carrying trolley not have the power of driving and clashes into the collision wall down;
Vehicle-mounted acceleration test system is set on the described carrying trolley finishes test and the data acquisition that comprises instantaneous acceleration in real time;
Described flip flop equipment triggers speed testing system, impact test macro and high speed video system simultaneously, carries out the data acquisition of impact, stroke speed and collision sequence image;
The data of described collection are carried out the impact test interpretation of result by computing machine.
2. vehicle component real object collision test method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described collision test method also comprises:
Adopt brake system control carrying trolley, occur not meeting when the travelling speed of delivery chassis under the situation of setting speed pattern drive system is carried out brake hard, make carrying trolley out of service.
3. vehicle component real object collision test method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described collision test method also comprises:
Adopt PID controller, speed control, drive system motion control case that the haulage speed of described drive system is set and controlled.
4. vehicle component real object collision test device is characterized in that this collision test device comprises:
Test platform, this test platform comprise test circuit and collision wall, and a side of described collision wall is provided with track, and the carrying trolley activity is positioned on the described track;
Drive system comprises a traction rope and traction electric machine, and described traction rope connects carrying trolley and driven by traction electric machine;
Test macro comprises speed testing system and impact test macro, and described impact test macro comprises the shock sensors of The real time measure impact;
The high-speed photography system comprises the high-speed camera instrument that is arranged on described collision wall end, is used for gathering and writing down the distortion sequence image of knockout process vehicle part.
5. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 4, the front end fixed placement vehicle part that it is characterized in that described carrying trolley, described being provided with near the track that collides wall taken off rope mechanism, be used to make between traction rope and carrying trolley and break away from, described traction electric machine is arranged on the sidepiece of track, and traction rope connects the delivery chassis after steering mechanism connects traction electric machine.
6. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 4 is characterized in that described drive system also comprises a withdrawing device, and this withdrawing device comprises the pull back rope and the motor of pulling back, and the described motor of pulling back drives by the rope of pulling back and connects carrying trolley; The other end that this motor of pulling back is arranged on track is used for resetting of carrying trolley, and described traction electric machine and pull back and be provided with back locking device between motor is used for locking another motor when a motor moves.
7. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described test unit also comprises a brake system, this brake system comprises first clamping device that is arranged on described traction electric machine end, startup, acceleration and the delivery chassis travelling speed of described first clamping device control traction electric machine, start test macro, described first clamping device starts brake hard to traction electric machine under abnormal conditions.
8. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described speed testing system comprises the speed control case and is arranged on the speed pickup that collides the wall front end, described track is provided with flip flop equipment, and the speed control case detects and obtains the velocity amplitude that carrying trolley moves to speed pickup and flip flop equipment place.
9. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described test macro also comprises a vehicle-mounted acceleration test system, comprise truck-mounted computer, acceleration transducer and acceleration Acquisition Instrument, described truck-mounted computer, acceleration transducer and acceleration Acquisition Instrument all are fixedly set on the described carrying trolley.
10. vehicle component real object collision test device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described test unit also comprises a control system, described control system comprises PID controller, speed control and drive control box, is used to control the speed of delivery chassis and the operation of test unit.
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| CN200810188332.1A CN101430251B (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2008-12-25 | Vehicle component real object collision test method and tester |
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