CN101423265A - Ion-exchange denitrification and phosphorus removal advanced treatment method - Google Patents
Ion-exchange denitrification and phosphorus removal advanced treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical group [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000192700 Cyanobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明针对当前城市污水厂二级硝化出水深度脱氮除磷技术的不足,提供了一种离子交换深度脱氮除磷的水污染净化方法,它通过对常规强碱性阴离子交换树脂和操作参数等因子的设计与改造,简化了树脂活化、再生工序以及离子交换反应器构型,将其作为城市污水厂二级硝化出水深度处理技术或富营养化湖泊原位净化技术,不仅具有极高的总磷去除率,而且具有较好的硝酸盐去除效果,并且具有运行成本低、污泥量小等特点。
The present invention aims at the deficiencies of the current secondary nitrification effluent deep denitrification and phosphorus removal technology in urban sewage plants, and provides a water pollution purification method for ion exchange deep denitrification and phosphorus removal. The design and transformation of equal factors simplifies the resin activation and regeneration process and the configuration of the ion exchange reactor. It is used as an advanced treatment technology for the secondary nitrification effluent of urban sewage plants or an in-situ purification technology for eutrophic lakes. It not only has extremely high The total phosphorus removal rate is high, and it has a good nitrate removal effect, and has the characteristics of low operating cost and small amount of sludge.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于环境工程和废水处理工程领域,尤其涉及一种采用强碱性阴离子交换树脂处理城市污水处理厂二级硝化出水或富营养化河湖水体实现深度脱氮除磷的水污染净化方法。The invention belongs to the fields of environmental engineering and wastewater treatment engineering, and in particular relates to a water pollution purification method for treating secondary nitrification effluent of urban sewage treatment plants or eutrophic river and lake water bodies with strong basic anion exchange resin to realize deep denitrification and phosphorus removal.
背景技术 Background technique
近年来,随着工业化和城市化程度的不断提高,城市污水中氮、磷营养物大量进入水体,使水体富营养化日益严重。水体富营养化导致蓝绿藻和其它水生植物异常繁殖、水体透明度下降、溶解氧含量降低、水生生物大量死亡、水质恶化、水味发腥变臭等严重后果。控制城市污水氮磷排放是控制河湖水体富营养化的重要方面,其中磷作为富营养化限制因子是控制的重点。目前城市污水处理一般采用A2/O生物法脱氮除磷工艺及其变型工艺,这些工艺的共性为均采用硝化工艺作为其后处理,出水含有较多的硝酸盐和一定浓度的磷(其主要成分为正磷酸盐),其中磷浓度远高于富营养化限制浓度,需要深度除磷以进一步降低磷浓度,满足日益严格的排水标准。In recent years, with the continuous improvement of industrialization and urbanization, a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in urban sewage have entered the water body, making the eutrophication of the water body increasingly serious. Eutrophication of water body leads to serious consequences such as abnormal reproduction of blue-green algae and other aquatic plants, decrease in water transparency, decrease in dissolved oxygen content, mass death of aquatic organisms, deterioration of water quality, and fishy and foul smell of water. Controlling nitrogen and phosphorus discharge in urban sewage is an important aspect of controlling eutrophication in rivers and lakes, and phosphorus, as a limiting factor of eutrophication, is the focus of control. At present, the urban sewage treatment generally adopts the A 2 /O biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process and its variant processes. The commonality of these processes is that the nitrification process is used as the post-treatment, and the effluent contains more nitrate and a certain concentration of phosphorus (other The main component is orthophosphate), in which the phosphorus concentration is much higher than the eutrophication limit concentration, and deep phosphorus removal is required to further reduce the phosphorus concentration and meet the increasingly stringent drainage standards.
城市污水厂二级处理出水一般采用钙盐类化学沉淀法作为深度除磷处理技术,其出水磷浓度难以控制在0.1mg/L以下,并且产生较多无法利用的含钙污泥,除此之外,有人采用人工湿地作为城市污水厂二级硝化出水的深度处理技术,尽管其对有机物和氮有一定的去除效果,但其对磷的去除主要依赖基质的吸附作用,因而效果并不十分理想。还有的研究者采用吸附法作为深度除磷技术,但该技术目前尚处于研究水平,工业化应用极为少见,主要局限为吸附剂的容量较小,选择性较差。与上述几种技术相比,离子交换作为一种经典高效的离子去除技术,被广泛应用于高纯水或去离子水生产中,具有非常多的工业化应用实例,将强碱性阴离子树脂应用于城市污水厂二级硝化出水处理,不仅可以高效除磷(将出水磷降低到<0.1mg/L),而且能够去除一定浓度的硝酸盐,是一种非常有效的城市污水厂二级硝化出水深度脱氮除磷技术,而将该技术应用于富营养化河湖水体原位净化时具有速度快、效果好、可以从根本上净化河湖水体等优势,然而经广泛检索中国、欧盟、美国等专利机构均未发现将强碱性阴离子交换树脂应用于城市污水处理的专利。检索发现了其它类型离子交换树脂应用于城市污水处理的欧洲发明专利,即申请号为US19980206446,名称为Selective removal of phosphates and chromates from contaminated water by ionexchange,公开号为US6 136 199(A)的欧洲发明专利(同时该专利在美国的申请号为09/206446,名称为Selective removal of phosphates and chromates from contaminated water by ion exchange,公开号为6136199),它利用聚合配位交换树脂(polymeric ligand exchanger,PLE)选择性去除水中的磷酸盐,PLE由聚合体(如螯合树脂)与过渡金属螯合而成,通过静电作用和路易斯酸碱协同作用与磷酸盐结合,与普通阴离子树脂相比具有极高的磷酸盐选择性,该技术也有如下几个方面的劣势:(1)树脂合成与再生均较困难。由于重金属单次负载率较低,在合成PLE时须反复将金属溶液通过螯合树脂以提高其负载率,再生时须采用酸性盐溶液再生,对设备腐蚀性大,再生时会产生金属流失,因而再生过程还包括金属负载程序,使再生过程过于复杂;(2)树脂选择性较高导致该树脂仅有除磷功能而没有脱(硝)氮功能,而无论磷或氮都是富营养化的重要因子,因而同时脱氮除磷对于目前城市污水厂出水深度净化具有重要的意义。The secondary treatment effluent of urban sewage plants generally adopts the calcium salt chemical precipitation method as a deep phosphorus removal treatment technology. In addition, some people use constructed wetlands as the advanced treatment technology for the secondary nitrification effluent of urban sewage plants. Although it has a certain removal effect on organic matter and nitrogen, its removal of phosphorus mainly depends on the adsorption of the substrate, so the effect is not very ideal. . Some researchers use the adsorption method as a deep phosphorus removal technology, but this technology is still at the research level, and industrial application is extremely rare. The main limitation is that the capacity of the adsorbent is small and the selectivity is poor. Compared with the above-mentioned technologies, ion exchange, as a classic and efficient ion removal technology, is widely used in the production of high-purity water or deionized water, and has many industrial application examples. The strong basic anion resin is used in urban sewage Secondary nitrification effluent treatment in the plant can not only remove phosphorus efficiently (reduce effluent phosphorus to <0.1mg/L), but also remove a certain concentration of nitrate. It is a very effective secondary nitrification effluent deep denitrification in urban sewage plants Phosphorus removal technology, and when this technology is applied to the in-situ purification of eutrophic river and lake water, it has the advantages of fast speed, good effect, and can fundamentally purify river and lake water. None of the patents applying strong basic anion exchange resins to urban sewage treatment have been found. The search found the European invention patent of other types of ion exchange resins applied to urban sewage treatment, that is, the application number is US19980206446, the name is Selective removal of phosphates and chromates from contaminated water by ionexchange, and the publication number is US6 136 199 (A) European invention Patent (at the same time, the patent application number in the United States is 09/206446, the name is Selective removal of phosphates and chromates from contaminated water by ion exchange, and the publication number is 6136199), which uses polymeric ligand exchange resin (polymeric ligand exchanger, PLE) Selective removal of phosphate in water, PLE is formed by chelating polymers (such as chelating resins) and transition metals, and combines with phosphate through electrostatic interaction and Lewis acid-base synergy, which has a very high performance compared with ordinary anion resins Phosphate selectivity, this technology also has the following disadvantages: (1) Resin synthesis and regeneration are difficult. Due to the low single loading rate of heavy metals, the metal solution must be repeatedly passed through the chelating resin to increase its loading rate when synthesizing PLE, and acid salt solution must be used for regeneration during regeneration, which is highly corrosive to equipment and will cause metal loss during regeneration. Therefore, the regeneration process also includes a metal loading procedure, which makes the regeneration process too complicated; (2) the high selectivity of the resin causes the resin to only have the function of removing phosphorus but not the function of removing (nitrate) nitrogen, and both phosphorus and nitrogen are eutrophic Therefore, the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is of great significance for the deep purification of the effluent of urban sewage plants.
由此可见,以常规强碱性阴离子交换树脂作为吸附剂用于城市污水厂二级硝化出水或河湖富营养化水体净化具有同时脱(硝)氮除磷、工艺简单、净化效果显著等特点,将离子交换工艺应用于富营养化防治具有非常现实的意义。It can be seen that the use of conventional strong basic anion exchange resins as adsorbents for the purification of secondary nitrification effluent from urban sewage plants or eutrophication water bodies in rivers and lakes has the characteristics of simultaneous denitrification and phosphorus removal, simple process, and remarkable purification effect. , the application of ion exchange technology to the prevention and control of eutrophication has very practical significance.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明针对当前城市污水厂二级硝化出水深度脱氮除磷技术的不足,提供了一种离子交换深度脱氮除磷的水污染净化方法,它通过对常规强碱性阴离子交换树脂和操作参数等因子的设计与改造,将其作为城市污水厂二级硝化出水深度处理技术或富营养化湖泊原位净化技术,不仅具有极高的总磷去除率,而且具有较好的硝酸盐去除效果,并且具有运行成本低、污泥量小等特点。The present invention aims at the deficiencies of the current secondary nitrification effluent deep denitrification and phosphorus removal technology in urban sewage plants, and provides a water pollution purification method for ion exchange deep denitrification and phosphorus removal. The design and transformation of equal factors, using it as an advanced treatment technology for secondary nitrification effluent of urban sewage plants or in-situ purification technology for eutrophic lakes, not only has a very high removal rate of total phosphorus, but also has a good nitrate removal effect, And it has the characteristics of low operating cost and small amount of sludge.
本发明的特征在于,所述强碱性阴离子交换树脂能够同时去除经过城市污水厂二级硝化出水或富营养化湖泊水体中的(硝)氮和磷,去除效率高。The present invention is characterized in that the strongly basic anion exchange resin can simultaneously remove (nitrate) nitrogen and phosphorus in the secondary nitrification effluent of urban sewage plants or in eutrophic lake water, and has high removal efficiency.
本发明的主要目的在于克服城市污水厂二级硝化出水现有深度脱氮除磷技术存在的不足,提供一种工艺简单、脱氮除磷效率高、出水氮磷浓度极低的深度处理新技术。与现有技术相比本专利技术具有以下优点:The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology in the secondary nitrification effluent of urban sewage plants, and provide a new advanced treatment technology with simple process, high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and extremely low concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent . Compared with the prior art, this patented technology has the following advantages:
(1)能够同时高效去除硝氮和磷,出水硝氮和磷浓度极低:强碱阴离子交换树脂对硝氮和磷的去除率分别达到85-90%和95%以上,出水氮磷浓度可控制在任意较低水平。(1) It can efficiently remove nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus at the same time, and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent is extremely low: the removal rate of strong base anion exchange resin for nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus reaches 85-90% and more than 95% respectively, and the concentration of effluent nitrogen and phosphorus can be reduced. controlled at any lower level.
(2)新树脂无须专门活化,而是直接使用:一般强碱阴离子交换树脂出厂时即为氯型,不需要象高纯水和去离子水生产那样采用酸碱反复活化,采用自来水直接浸泡后即可使用。(2) The new resin does not need to be specially activated, but can be used directly: general strong base anion exchange resins are chlorine-type when they leave the factory, and do not need to be repeatedly activated by acid and alkali like high-purity water and deionized water production, and can be directly soaked in tap water. use.
(3)树脂再生容易:饱和树脂采用6%NaCl溶液即可再生,再生成本低。(3) Regeneration of resin is easy: the saturated resin can be regenerated by using 6% NaCl solution, and the regeneration cost is low.
(4)树脂与再生液均可反复使用,降低运行成本。(4) Resin and regeneration solution can be used repeatedly, reducing operating costs.
附图说明 Description of drawings
附图给出了本发明的工艺装置图。Accompanying drawing has provided process device figure of the present invention.
其中1为沙滤池(或膜系统) 2为离子交换柱 3为集水池1 is the sand filter (or membrane system) 2 is the ion exchange column 3 is the sump
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下详细说明本发明的工作原理和实施方式:The working principle and implementation mode of the present invention are described in detail below:
首先废水进入沙滤池(或膜系统)1,经过过滤,粒径较大的悬浮物被过滤掉,过滤后的废水在重力作用下从上而下通过阴离子交换柱2,废水中的氮氧化物、磷酸盐被吸附在阴离子交换树脂上,废水得以净化,出水流入集水池,混匀。集水池有均衡出水的水质的作用,它能够在保证出水水质达标的情况下,提高离子交换柱的交换容量。待集水池中的水质达到出水水质标准时,阴离子交换柱2需要再生。采用逆流再生:6%NaCl再生液通过口4进入阴离子交换柱2,穿过树脂层,经过阴离子交换柱口5排出,排出液中的磷浓度降低到一定的标准时,即完成再生。First, the wastewater enters the sand filter (or membrane system) 1, and after filtration, the suspended matter with larger particle size is filtered out, and the filtered wastewater passes through the anion exchange column 2 from top to bottom under the action of gravity, and the nitrogen in the wastewater is oxidized The substances and phosphate are adsorbed on the anion exchange resin, the waste water is purified, and the effluent flows into the sump for mixing. The water collection tank has the function of balancing the water quality of the effluent, and it can increase the exchange capacity of the ion exchange column while ensuring that the effluent water quality meets the standard. When the water quality in the sump meets the effluent water quality standard, the anion exchange column 2 needs to be regenerated. Countercurrent regeneration is adopted: the 6% NaCl regeneration solution enters the anion exchange column 2 through the
实施例1Example 1
某城市污水厂二级硝化出水水质特征如表1所示,利用本发明作为深度处理,300BV时离子交换出水指标如表1所示。The water quality characteristics of the secondary nitrification effluent of an urban sewage plant are shown in Table 1. Using the present invention as advanced treatment, the ion exchange effluent indicators at 300BV are shown in Table 1.
表1 某城市污水厂二级处理出水经离子交换处理前后的指标值Table 1 Index values before and after ion exchange treatment of the secondary treatment effluent of an urban sewage plant
实施例2Example 2
北京某市内湖泊富营养化严重,水质已达到V类水标准,水质指标如表2所示。采用本发明过滤处理该营养化水体,1000BV时出水水质如表2所示。The eutrophication of a lake in a city in Beijing is serious, and the water quality has reached the V water standard. The water quality indicators are shown in Table 2. Using the present invention to filter and treat the nutrient water body, the effluent water quality at 1000BV is as shown in Table 2.
表2 某富营养化湖泊水经离子交换工艺处理前后的指标值Table 2 Index values of a eutrophic lake water before and after ion exchange treatment
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CN102603120B (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-03-26 | 河海大学 | Device and method for treating sewage with low ratio of carbon to nitrogen |
CN102659264A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-09-12 | 麻克栋 | Ion exchange pretreatment method of softened/demineralized water |
CN102659264B (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2014-01-01 | 麻克栋 | Ion exchange pretreatment method of softened/demineralized water |
CN104261596A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-07 | 湖北君集水处理有限公司 | Method for removing nitrate nitrogen from effluents of sewage plant with resin and method for treating resin regenerating liquid |
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CN108862472A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-23 | 南京大学 | A kind of advanced waste treatment method of ion exchange resin and the integrated removing nitrate nitrogen of electrochemistry |
CN109293141A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-02-01 | 河海大学 | An ecological purification device suitable for agricultural canal drainage outlet and using method |
CN112108132A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-22 | 扬州大学 | Composite nano material for synchronous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, preparation method and application |
CN112108132B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-06-04 | 扬州大学 | A composite nanomaterial for simultaneous denitrification and phosphorus removal, preparation method and application |
CN112624436A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-04-09 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Phosphorus treatment system and method with zero discharge of wastewater |
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