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CN101418711B - Electrically heated particulate filter using catalyst striping - Google Patents

Electrically heated particulate filter using catalyst striping Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101418711B
CN101418711B CN2008101497586A CN200810149758A CN101418711B CN 101418711 B CN101418711 B CN 101418711B CN 2008101497586 A CN2008101497586 A CN 2008101497586A CN 200810149758 A CN200810149758 A CN 200810149758A CN 101418711 B CN101418711 B CN 101418711B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
particulate filter
catalyst coat
exhaust
density
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN2008101497586A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN101418711A (en
Inventor
E·V·冈策
M·J·小帕拉托尔
F·阿门特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Original Assignee
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/876,136 external-priority patent/US8484953B2/en
Application filed by GM Global Technology Operations LLC filed Critical GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Publication of CN101418711A publication Critical patent/CN101418711A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101418711B publication Critical patent/CN101418711B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/065Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction for reducing soot ignition temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • F01N2510/0682Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

An exhaust system that processes exhaust generated by an engine is provided. The system generally includes a particulate filter (PF) that filters particulates from the exhaust wherein an upstream end of the PF receives exhaust from the engine. A grid of electrically resistive material is applied to an exterior upstream surface of the PF and selectively heats exhaust passing through the grid to initiate combustion of particulates within the PF. A catalyst coating is applied to the PF that increases a temperature of the combustion of the particulates within the PF.

Description

Use the electrically heated particulate filter of catalyst striping
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/934 of submission on June 15th, 2007,988 preference.The content of above-mentioned application is incorporated herein by reference.
The statement of government rights
The present invention is proposing with about No.DE-FC-04-03AL67635 according to U.S. government and DOE (Department of Energy) (DoE).U.S. government has certain right to the present invention.
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the heated particle filter method and system of (or claiming particle trapper).
Background technique
The statement of this section may not constitute prior art just for background information related to the present invention is provided.
Diesel engine has the efficient higher than petrol engine usually, because the compression ratio of diesel fuel increases and energy density is higher.The burn cycle of diesel engine produces particle, normally by the particulate filter (PF) that is arranged in the exhaust flow particle in the diesel exhaust gas is carried out trap filter.Along with the past of time, PF can become full and must remove the diesel engine particles that is captured.In the regenerative process, diesel engine particles is in the PF internal combustion.
Traditional regeneration method be after main combustion incident in exhaust flow burner oil.This burning post-injection fuel burns placing on one or more catalyzer of exhaust flow.Fuel is during the burning on the catalyzer, and the heat that is discharged has improved delivery temperature, and this temperature makes the particle burning that captures in the PF.Yet this method can cause than desired higher temperature excursion, and this comprises that to exhaust system component PF is harmful.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of vent systems, be used to handle the exhaust that motor produces.This system mainly comprises particulate filter (PF), and it carries out trap filter to exhaust particulate, and wherein, the upstream extremity of PF receives engine exhaust.Thereby the grid of resistance material is added on the outer surface of PF upstream and optionally the flow through exhaust of this grid of heating cause the endocorpuscular burning of PF.Catalyst coat is painted on the PF, and it has improved the particle burning temperature in the PF.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of method of particulate filter (PF) of the vent systems that is used to regenerate.This method mainly comprises: the grid of resistance material is added on the place ahead outer surface of PF; Switch on to heat this grid to resistance material; Cause the particle burning that is present on the PF front surface by heated grid; Thereby by causing the endocorpuscular burning of PF in the heat importing PF of exhaust with the particle burning generation; And the carbon monoxide by exhaust is converted and improves the particle burning temperature.
According to the description of this paper, can find out obviously that the present invention is applicable to more areas.Should be appreciated that detailed description and specific examples just play effect for example, and be not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is the effect of giving an example in order to play, and is not intended to be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of exemplary automobile, and this automobile has the particulate filter and the particulate filter regeneration systems of the each side according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of exemplary wall stream integral particulate filter.
Fig. 3 comprises the perspective view of the exemplary front surface of particulate filter, and it shows the various patterns of resistor path.
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of the front surface of exemplary particulate filter and heater pad.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of exemplary particulate filter shown in Figure 2, and it has the catalyst coat of the each side according to the present invention.
Embodiment
In fact following description is exemplary and is not intended to limit the present invention, application or purposes.Should be appreciated that and in institute's drawings attached, represent identical or corresponding part and feature with identical reference character.Term used herein " module " is meant specific integrated circuit (ASIC), electronic circuit, carries out the processor of one or more softwares or firmware program (shared, special-purpose or group) and storage, combinational logic circuit and/or other the suitable parts that described function is provided.
Referring now to Fig. 1, show the exemplary automobile 10 of the diesel engine system 11 that comprises each side according to the present invention.Should be appreciated that in fact diesel engine system 11 is exemplary, and particulate filter regeneration systems described herein can be used in having adopted the various engine systems of particulate filter.These engine systems can be but be not limited to G. D. I engine system and homogeneous charge compression ignition engine system.For the ease of discussing, will discuss the present invention with regard to diesel engine system.
Turbocharged diesel system 11 comprises that combustion air and fuel mixture are to produce the motor 12 of driving torque.Air enters this system via air-strainer 14.Air stream is through air-strainer 14 and be inhaled in the turbosupercharger 18.18 pairs of fresh airs that enter system 11 of turbosupercharger compress.Usually, air compression must be big more, and the output of motor 12 is just big more.Then, the pressurized air air-cooler 20 of before entering intake manifold 22, flowing through.
Air in the intake manifold 22 is divided into cylinder 26.Although four cylinders 26 only are shown, be to be understood that system and method for the present invention can use in having the motor of a plurality of cylinders, include but not limited to 2,3,4,5,6,8,10 and 12 cylinders.Should be appreciated that also system and method for the present invention can use in v type air cylinder structure.By fuel injector 28 fuel is sprayed into cylinder 26.Compressed-air actuated heat has been lighted air/fuel mixture.The burning of air/fuel mixture produces waste gas.Waste gas enters vent systems from cylinder 26.
Vent systems comprises gas exhaust manifold 30, diesel oxidation catalyst (catalyzer) 32 and particulate filter (PF) 34.Alternatively, EGR valve (not shown) with a part of exhaust gas recirculation back in the gas manifold 22.All the other waste gas are introduced in the turbosupercharger 18 and drive turbine.This turbine has promoted the compression of the fresh air that comes out from air-strainer 14.Waste gas flows out from turbosupercharger 18, flows through catalyzer 32 and PF34.Catalyzer 32 is according in the after-combustion air fuel ratio waste gas being carried out oxidation.PF34 receives the waste gas that comes out from catalyzer 32 and the particulate matter that exists the waste gas is carried out trap filter.
Control module 44 is controlled motor 12 and PF regeneration according to various detection information and/or model information.In more detail, the particulate matter load capacity of control module 44 estimation PF34.When the particulate matter load capacity of estimation reaches threshold value (as, the particulate matter of 5 grams per liters) and waste gas flow velocity and is in the prespecified range, start regenerative process thereby control the electric current of supplying with PF34 by power supply 46.Change the endurance of regenerative process according to the particulate matter quality in the PF34.Expect that regenerative process can continue 1-6 minute.Yet, only switch in the initial period of regenerative process.In more detail, electric energy to the place ahead of PF34 heating one period phase presentation time (as, 1-2 minute).Waste gas to the front surface of flowing through heats.The residue period that utilization is finished regenerative process by near the heat of the burning generation of the particulate matter the face that is heated of PF34 or the heat that is heated the waste gas generation of the PF34 that flows through.
With reference to Fig. 2, PF34 is preferably the integral particulate filter and comprises closed cell/duct 50 and open cells/duct 52 alternately especially.These unit/ducts 50,52 are the square-section normally, runs through these parts vertically.The wall 58 of PF34 is preferably the ceramic honey comb wall of the porous of being made by cordierite material and forms.Should be appreciated that any ceramic honey comb material all within the scope of the present invention.Adjacent duct is alternately to block an end, shown in 56.This just forces diesel particulate to pass the carrier wall of porous, and it serves as mechanical filter.Particulate matter is deposited in the sealing duct 50, and waste gas is discharged through open cell channels 52.Particulate matter 59 flows into PF34 and is trapped in wherein.
For the purpose of regenerating, the grid 64 that comprises resistance material is attached on the place ahead outer surface (being called front surface) of PF34.Switch on to resistance material and to produce heat energy.Should be appreciated that and to adopt the thick film heating technology that grid 64 is attached on the PF34.For example, can coat heating material such as silver or nichrome at the front surface of PF34 is corroded then or adds the last layer shade.In other different embodiments, grid 64 is made up of resistance material such as stainless steel, and the mode of utilizing binder or being press fit into PF34 is attached on the PF34.
Should be appreciated that also resistance material is applicable as various single path or multipath pattern, as shown in Figure 3.Some fragments that can remove resistance material produce path.In various embodiments, as shown in Figure 4, stick the heater pad 70 of porous at the front surface of PF34.In above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment, the exhaust band that flows through PF34 the heat energy that produces at the PF34 front surface along the duct 50,52 down a bit of distances.The heat energy that increases has been lighted near the particulate matter of inlet of PF34.Then, thus the heat that particle burning produced is conducted through the burning that PF34 causes all the other particles in the PF34.
Specifically, on PF34, additionally scribble catalyst coat with reference to Fig. 5.According to the present invention, this catalyst coat is divided into minor segment by different density, is optimized by the operating temperature of PF34.According to expectation ground can be to density applications ladder form or continuous or the linear forms of catalyst coat.
As shown in Figure 5, exemplary PF34 comprises the inlet that allows waste gas to enter PF34 and allows waste gas to discharge the outlet of PF34.This PF34 comprises first minor segment 72 and second minor segment 74.First minor segment 72 is positioned at from inlet first distance.Second minor segment 74 is positioned at from inlet second distance place, and wherein second distance is greater than first distance.First minor segment 72 is coated catalyzer by first density.This first coating can comprise the oxidation catalyst that is used to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide.Oxidation catalyst includes but not limited to palladium, platinum and/or similar.Second minor segment 74 can be coated catalyzer or can not be coated with by second density.If be coated with, second density is just less than first density.Second coating also can comprise the oxidation catalyst that is used to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, as mentioned above.
When PF34 has catalyst coat near inlet, transform through carbon monoxide, catalyst material has just improved exhaust flow temperature and has promoted particle burning.Promote particle burning by front portion, just slowed down total cooling effect of high-temp waste gas stream at PF34.Then opposite near the outlet of PF34.By removing or reduce the catalyst coat at PF34 rear portion, just can reduce the excessive temperature that may damage PF34.
Those skilled in the art can know from description above now, can implement broad teachings of the present invention in a variety of forms.Therefore, although described the present invention with specific examples,, therefore actual range of the present invention can not be restricted, because can clearly obtain other modification by research accompanying drawing, specification and following claim for a person skilled in the art.

Claims (15)

1. vent systems that is used to handle the exhaust that motor produces comprises:
Particulate filter, it carries out trap filter to exhaust particulate, and wherein, the upstream extremity of particulate filter receives the exhaust of motor;
The grid that resistance material is made is added to it on upstream outer surface of particulate filter, thereby and optionally the flow through exhaust of this grid of heating cause the endocorpuscular burning of particulate filter; And
Catalyst coat, it is coated on the particulate filter, and it has improved the particle burning temperature in the particulate filter, wherein, catalyst coat is to be coated on first minor segment of particulate filter by first density, catalyst coat is to be coated on second minor segment of particulate filter by second density, and first density is greater than second density.
2. vent systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, first minor segment is first distance from the particulate filter inlet, second minor segment is second distance from the particulate filter inlet, and second distance is greater than first distance.
3. vent systems as claimed in claim 1 also comprises control module, and this control module is in the energising of the initial control in period of particulate filter regeneration circuit to grid.
4. vent systems as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the grain amount in the control module estimation particulate filter, and wherein, control electric current when this grain amount surpasses threshold value.
5. vent systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, catalyst coat comprises oxidation catalyst material.
6. vent systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, catalyst coat applies by the ladder form.
7. vent systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, catalyst coat applies by linear forms.
8. the method for the particulate filter of the vent systems that is used to regenerate comprises:
The grid that resistance material is made is applied to the place ahead outer surface of particulate filter;
Switch on to heat this grid to resistance material;
Cause the particle burning that is present on the particulate filter front surface by heated grid;
Thereby by causing the endocorpuscular burning of particulate filter in the heat importing particulate filter of exhaust with the particle burning generation;
Carbon monoxide by exhaust is converted and improves the particle burning temperature;
First minor segment at particulate filter provides catalyst coat by first density; And
Second minor segment at particulate filter provides catalyst coat by second density, and wherein, first density is greater than second density.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein, this catalyst coat is carried out carbon monoxide and is transformed.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, this catalyst coat comprises oxidation catalyst material.
11. method as claimed in claim 9 wherein, provides catalyst coat to comprise: to provide catalyst coat by the ladder form.
12. method as claimed in claim 9 wherein, provides catalyst coat to comprise: to provide catalyst coat by linear forms.
13. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, first minor segment is in inlet first distance from particulate filter, and second minor segment is from the inlet second distance place of particulate filter, and second distance is greater than first distance.
14. method as claimed in claim 8 also comprises: supply with the electric current of particulate filter to start regeneration in the initial control in period of particulate filter regeneration circuit.
15. method as claimed in claim 14 also comprises: the grain amount in the estimation particulate filter, and wherein, when grain amount surpasses threshold value, carry out this control.
CN2008101497586A 2007-10-22 2008-09-25 Electrically heated particulate filter using catalyst striping Expired - Fee Related CN101418711B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/876,136 US8484953B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2007-10-22 Electrically heated particulate filter using catalyst striping
US11/876136 2007-10-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101418711A CN101418711A (en) 2009-04-29
CN101418711B true CN101418711B (en) 2011-08-24

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DE (1) DE102008039591A1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10048511A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-18 Omg Ag & Co Kg Reduction of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot particles in lean exhaust gas from internal combustion engine, by using particle filter having catalytic coating of oxygen storage component(s) and platinum group metal(s)
CN1920267A (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-02-28 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 Electrical diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10048511A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-18 Omg Ag & Co Kg Reduction of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot particles in lean exhaust gas from internal combustion engine, by using particle filter having catalytic coating of oxygen storage component(s) and platinum group metal(s)
CN1920267A (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-02-28 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 Electrical diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration

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CN101418711A (en) 2009-04-29

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