CN101418425A - Process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping - Google Patents
Process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping Download PDFInfo
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- CN101418425A CN101418425A CNA2007101762962A CN200710176296A CN101418425A CN 101418425 A CN101418425 A CN 101418425A CN A2007101762962 A CNA2007101762962 A CN A2007101762962A CN 200710176296 A CN200710176296 A CN 200710176296A CN 101418425 A CN101418425 A CN 101418425A
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- tritium
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- ultrasonic
- metal plating
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007716 flux method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001371 Er alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNIPDXPTJYIMKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron tin Chemical compound [Fe].[Sn] NNIPDXPTJYIMKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008367 Li-Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006738 Li—Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a hot dip coating process for preparing a tritium-permeation preventing coating, which is applied to obtain a relatively perfect hot dip coating effect on the surface of a material so as to offer convenience to obtain the relatively perfect tritium-permeation preventing coating. The process comprises the following steps: flowing a metal plating solution through a material surface to be plated under the action of electromagnetic force; at the same time applying ultrasonic vibration on the metal plating solution which passes through the material or applying the ultrasonic vibration on the material directly so as to promote the infiltration of the material and the metal plating solution and offer convenience to obtain the tritium-permeation preventing coating which can combine with the material well; and obtaining the tritium-permeation preventing coating through a heat processing after the hot dip coating process. The hydrogen permeation reducing factor (TPRF) of the tritium-permeation preventing coating prepared by the hot dip coating process for preparing the tritium-permeation preventing coating can reach more than 300 at a temperature of less than or equal to 500 DEG C.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tritium permeation coating preparation field, be specially a kind of process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping.
Background technology
Tritium has radioactivity, can be to the environment structure severe contamination.Tritium all has higher rate of permeation in a lot of materials, and raises with temperature, and the tritium-permeation rate also increases thereupon.And tritium Processing Equipment working temperatures such as tritium extraction at present, separation, purifying, storage are generally all than higher, and must adopt an effective measure prevents that the leakage problem of tritium from appearring in these equipment.Solve the tritium leakage problem, except that the anti-tritium diffusion performance of considering enhancing equipment body material, form the anti-tritium diffusion ability that tritium permeation coating can increase substantially equipment at substrate material surface.Tritium permeation coating material and technology become one of focus of anti-tritium diffusion research at present.
Tritium permeation coating material and technology not only can significantly improve the anti-tritium diffusion ability of tritium Processing Equipment such as tritium extraction, separation, purifying, storage, and also significant for the development of fusion reactor technology, tritium permeation coating is one of present requisite structured material in the fusion reactor tritium fuel system.
The tritium permeation coating technology of preparing has at present: hot aluminizing (HDA), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), vacuum ion sputtering (VPS) etc.
For the tritium permeation coating material,, find that the surface forms Al through research for many years
2O
3The Fe-Al base coating of film has effective, good with the Li-Pb alloy consistency, the suitable large-scale industry manufacturing of resistance tritium, possesses the advantage of Crack Self function, thereby it is just becoming one of most promising anti-tritium diffusion blocking layer.
The prepared surface of HDA method forms Al
2O
3The Fe-Al of film base coating is one of the most potential tritium permeation coating, and concrete technology be with the substrate material surface hot dip aluminum plating, again through certain thermal treatment, makes aluminium coated surface formation Al
2O
3Film, Al simultaneously
2O
3Form the Fe-Al transition layer between film and the body material.But also there is certain problem in this technology at present, and performance is not satisfactory.From hot dip process technology itself, this technology is more original, single at present, mainly is simply desire to be plated material to immerse certain hour in the aluminium liquid, thereby forms rich aluminium lamination at material surface; The coating state that forms after the immersion plating, the coating general thickness is inhomogeneous, coating is inner to be existed than defectives such as multiple cracks, holes, and for the hot dip process of complex part, problems such as plating leakage also appear easily, therefore present prepared coating performance is unsatisfactory, and the hydrogen infiltration under 500 ℃ of hydrogen reduces the factor (TPRF) and is difficult to reach 300.Because of tritium has radioactivity, and the character of hydrogen and tritium is close, so adopt with the anti-tritium diffusion performance of hydrogen for the mode specimen of tritium usually.
Also can form the metal or alloy supercoat by the hot dipping method simultaneously, thereby improve some performance of material,, also can make material surface more attractive in appearance such as oxidation-resistance, erosion resistance etc. at many material surfaces.For these coating is required not really harsh field, industrial common employing flux method or oxidation reduction process prepare this coating, the former is that material was handled through certain solvent before immersing molten metal, thereby the protecting materials surface is not oxidized, and reduces the inhibition of metal plating liquid surface oxide layer to material immersion plating; The latter be material before immersion plating earlier through high temperature oxidation again through hydrogen reducing, purpose is to remove impurity such as material surface oil, oxide skin, the existence of these impurity generally can have a strong impact on the immersion plating effect of material.But these preparation methods exist the immersion plating time long, coating is thicker and in uneven thickness, coating in have problem such as more defective, thereby influence coating performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping, utilize this technology can obtain good immersion plating effect.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The detailed process of process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of the present invention is: metal plating liquid is flow through material desire plating surface under the electromagnetic force effect, metal plating liquid to the material of flowing through applies ultrasonic vibration simultaneously, perhaps directly material is applied ultrasonic vibration, in hot dip process after Overheating Treatment, thereby finally obtain tritium permeation coating.
The electromagnetic pump casting technique that is adopted is a kind of advanced person's a metal products moulding process, be particularly suitable for casting large-scale, the complex construction foundry goods, it have the transmission metal liquid steadily, production process and production status steadily, advantages such as foundry goods high conformity, can effectively reduce the formation of defectives such as oxide inclusion, tiny crack in the general cast product.Used for reference the strong point of this technology herein,, strengthened the coating consistence to reduce plating defect.The ultrasonic coating technology that is adopted, promptly in immersion plating technology, add ultrasonic vibration, ultrasonic vibration for improve the wetting property of sample with plating bath, avoid plating leakage, improve coating evenly, the bonding force of compactness and coating and steel matrix, the thickness of coating that reduces, shortening immersion plating time have unusual effect.The present invention reaches the purpose of improving the immersion plating effect, thereby improves coating performance by the integrated application to these advanced immersion plating methods.The immersion plating postheat treatment of being adopted is conventional immersion plating postheat treatment technology, and the present invention does not improve the immersion plating postheat treatment system of routine, and conventional immersion plating postheat treatment system is generally, in air atmosphere through 700 ℃～1100 ℃ * 1h～20h thermal treatment.
In process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of the present invention, described metal plating liquid is liquid aluminium or liquid aluminium alloy.
In process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of the present invention, poor 〉=90 of the fusing point of material to be plated and the melting point metal of metal plating liquid ℃.
In process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of the present invention, apply at metal plating liquid under the situation of ultrasonic vibration the material of flowing through, its ultrasonic field ultrasonic frequency is 20～30KHz, and the ultrasonic field ultrasonic power is every cubic metre of plating bath 3～15KW, and the immersion plating time is 20 seconds～5 minutes; Directly material is being applied under the situation of ultrasonic vibration, its ultrasonic field ultrasonic frequency is 20～30KHz, and the ultrasonic field ultrasonic power is every square metre of desire plating material surface 3～15KW, and the immersion plating time is 20 seconds～5 minutes.
In process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of the present invention, metal plating liquid flows through material desire plating surface under the electromagnetic force effect speed is 1～200cm/s.
In this technology, can add or not add the preceding pre-treatment measure of plating that common flux method immersion plating or oxidation reduction process immersion plating are adopted before the material immersion plating.
After hot dip process, generally also must make metal coating surface form oxide compound, thereby finally obtain tritium permeation coating through certain thermal treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The immersion plating technology that utilizes the present invention to set up, can obtain more satisfactory material surface hot dip process effect, thereby help obtaining more satisfactory tritium permeation coating, the tritium permeation coating that adopts process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of the present invention to obtain, the hydrogen infiltration under≤500 ℃ of hydrogen reduces the factor (TPRF) and can reach more than 300.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Form Al at 316 stainless steel substrates surface plating Al and through certain subsequent heat treatment preparation surface
2O
3The Fe-Al base coating of film.The fusing point of 316 stainless steels and Al differs about 740 ℃.Concrete technology is: aluminium liquid flows through stainless steel substrates desire plating surface under the electromagnetic force effect, aluminium liquid to the stainless steel substrates of flowing through applies ultrasonic vibration simultaneously, the ultrasonic field ultrasonic frequency is 20KHz, power is every cubic metre of plating bath 3KW, the immersion plating time is 1min, and to flow through the speed of material surface be 30cm/s to aluminium liquid when electromagnetic pump was carried aluminium liquid.Pre-treatment is carried out in the preceding pre-treatment measure of the plating of adopting common flux method immersion plating to be adopted before the stainless steel substrates immersion plating.Through 800 ℃ * 20h thermal treatment, it is 610 that the hydrogen infiltration of the sample that is obtained under 300 ℃ of hydrogen reduces the factor (TPRF) to sample in air atmosphere after aluminizing.
Embodiment 2
At F82H steel cylinder surface plating Al-0.2wt%Er alloy (be 0.2wt%Er, all the other are Al).F82H steel fusing point is higher than 1000 ℃, about 650 ℃ of Al-0.2wt%Er alloy melting point.Concrete technology is: Al-0.2wt%Er alloy liquid flows through drum surface under the electromagnetic force effect, simultaneously cylindrical shell is directly applied ultrasonic vibration, the ultrasonic field ultrasonic frequency is 23KHz, power calculates by every square metre of desire plating drum surface 7KW, the immersion plating time is 2min, and to flow through the speed of drum surface be 150cm/s to alloy liquid when electromagnetic pump was carried alloy liquid.Pre-treatment is carried out in the preceding pre-treatment measure of the plating of adopting common oxidation reduction process immersion plating to be adopted before the cylindrical shell immersion plating.Through 900 ℃ * 15h thermal treatment, it is 443 that the hydrogen infiltration of the sample that is obtained under 400 ℃ of hydrogen reduces the factor (TPRF) to sample in air atmosphere after aluminizing.
Embodiment 3
Form Al at CLAM steel disc surface plating Al and through certain subsequent heat treatment preparation surface
2O
3The Fe-Al base coating of film.CLAM steel fusing point is higher than 1000 ℃, and the aluminium fusing point is 660 ℃.Concrete technology is: aluminium liquid flows through CLAM steel disc surface under the electromagnetic force effect, simultaneously steel disc is directly applied ultrasonic vibration, the ultrasonic field ultrasonic frequency is 25KHz, power calculates by every square metre of steel tube surface 10KW, the immersion plating time is 3min, and to flow through the speed on steel disc surface be 100cm/s to aluminium liquid when electromagnetic pump was carried aluminium liquid.Pre-treatment is carried out in the preceding pre-treatment measure of the plating of adopting common flux method immersion plating to be adopted before the steel disc immersion plating.Through 900 ℃ * 10h thermal treatment, it is 512 that the hydrogen infiltration of the sample that is obtained under 500 ℃ of hydrogen reduces the factor (TPRF) to sample in air atmosphere after aluminizing.
The or immersion that the present invention set up can also be used for other field beyond the tritium permeation coating preparation, such as following embodiment 4 and embodiment 5.
Embodiment 4
At graphitic cast iron HT200 sheet surface plating fine aluminium.Graphitic cast iron HT200 sheet and fine aluminium fusing point differ about 540 ℃.Concrete technology is: aluminium liquid flows through graphitic cast iron sheet desire plating surface under the electromagnetic force effect, aluminium liquid to the graphitic cast iron sheet of flowing through applies ultrasonic vibration simultaneously, the ultrasonic field ultrasonic frequency is 27KHz, power calculates by every cubic metre of aluminium liquid 12KW, the immersion plating time is 20s, and to flow through the speed on graphitic cast iron sheet surface be 1cm/s to aluminium liquid when electromagnetic pump was carried aluminium liquid.Pre-treatment is carried out in the preceding pre-treatment measure of the plating of adopting common flux method immersion plating to be adopted before the immersion plating of graphitic cast iron sheet.Through 750 ℃ * 10h thermal treatment, placed in water corrosion phenomenon do not take place in 1 year after immersion plating was handled by the graphitic cast iron sheet in air atmosphere for sample after aluminizing.
Embodiment 5
At 304 stainless steel cylinder surfaces plating Al-1wt%Si alloy.304 stainless steels and Al-1wt%Si (be 1wt%Si, all the other are Al) alloy melting point differs about 760 ℃.Concrete technology is: Al-1wt%Si alloy liquid flows through drum surface under the electromagnetic force effect, molten metal to the cylindrical shell of flowing through applies ultrasonic vibration simultaneously, the ultrasonic field ultrasonic frequency is 30KHz, power calculates by every cubic metre of molten metal 15KW, the immersion plating time is 5min, and to flow through the speed of drum surface be 200cm/s to molten metal during electromagnetic pump transferring metal liquid.The made tin iron sheet of this technology is than the made tin iron sheet of simple hot aluminizing (not having electromagnetism and ultrasonication) smooth and beautiful appearance more, and better effects if against corrosion is placed 1 year iron sheet itself and is not corroded in damp atmosphere.There is not the pre-treatment measure before the cylindrical shell immersion plating.Aluminize the back sample in air atmosphere through 850 ℃ * 2h thermal treatment, after the processing with cylindrical shell insulation 2 hours and stainless steel itself does not have oxidative phenomena to take place under 900 ℃ of temperature under the air atmosphere.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping, it is characterized in that specific embodiment is that metal plating liquid is flow through material desire plating surface under the electromagnetic force effect, metal plating liquid to the material of flowing through applies ultrasonic vibration simultaneously, perhaps directly material is applied ultrasonic vibration, in hot dip process after Overheating Treatment, thereby finally obtain tritium permeation coating.
2, according to the described process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described metal plating liquid is liquid aluminium or liquid aluminium alloy.
3,, it is characterized in that poor 〉=90 ℃ of the melting point metal of the fusing point of material to be plated and metal plating liquid according to the described process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of claim 1.
4, according to the described process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of claim 1, it is characterized in that, apply at metal plating liquid under the situation of ultrasonic vibration the material of flowing through, its ultrasonic field ultrasonic frequency is 20～30KHz, the ultrasonic field ultrasonic power is every cubic metre of plating bath 3～15KW, and the immersion plating time is 20 seconds～5 minutes; Directly material is being applied under the situation of ultrasonic vibration, its ultrasonic field ultrasonic frequency is 20～30KHz, and the ultrasonic field ultrasonic power is every square metre of desire plating material surface 3～15KW, and the immersion plating time is 20 seconds～5 minutes.
5,, it is characterized in that it is 1～200cm/s that metal plating liquid flows through the surperficial speed of material desire plating under the electromagnetic force effect according to the described process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping of claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007101762962A CN101418425A (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2007-10-24 | Process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007101762962A CN101418425A (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2007-10-24 | Process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101418425A true CN101418425A (en) | 2009-04-29 |
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| CNA2007101762962A Pending CN101418425A (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2007-10-24 | Process for preparing tritium permeation coating by hot dipping |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101948993A (en) * | 2010-10-09 | 2011-01-19 | 苏州博恒浩科技有限公司 | Steel band vibration hot galvanizing method |
| CN105803372A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-07-27 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Preparation method of anti-tritium-permeation blocking layer |
| CN107217281A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE resistance tritium coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN107723650A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-02-23 | 安徽恒利增材制造科技有限公司 | A kind of casting method of aluminum-iron bimetal for engine block |
| CN116334519A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-27 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Hydrogen barrier coating for hydrogen transmission pipeline and preparation method thereof |
| CN118222963A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-06-21 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Ultrasonic-assisted cladding assembly and cladding device |
-
2007
- 2007-10-24 CN CNA2007101762962A patent/CN101418425A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101948993A (en) * | 2010-10-09 | 2011-01-19 | 苏州博恒浩科技有限公司 | Steel band vibration hot galvanizing method |
| CN105803372A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-07-27 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Preparation method of anti-tritium-permeation blocking layer |
| CN105803372B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2018-08-28 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of preparation method of Tritium Permeation Barrier |
| CN107217281A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE resistance tritium coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN107723650A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-02-23 | 安徽恒利增材制造科技有限公司 | A kind of casting method of aluminum-iron bimetal for engine block |
| CN116334519A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-27 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Hydrogen barrier coating for hydrogen transmission pipeline and preparation method thereof |
| CN118222963A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-06-21 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Ultrasonic-assisted cladding assembly and cladding device |
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Open date: 20090429 |