CN101385202A - 射频识别装置用的微带天线 - Google Patents
射频识别装置用的微带天线 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
为一种RFID标签(10)而设计的微带贴片天线(46)、馈电结构(48)以及匹配电路(50)。一平衡馈电设计,其使用通过一短接线(56)耦合的平衡馈以在两馈电之间产生一虚拟短路,以便排除将基片与接地平面作物理连接的需要。一使用一四端IC的双端馈电结构设计可与两在不同频率共振的天线(46a,46b)连接以便提供定向和极化分集。一组合式近场/远场设计使用一提供电磁耦合作远场作业的微带天线以及一提供电感耦合作近场作业的匹配电路。一双重天线设计使用第一和第二微带天线以在附于一圆柱形或圆锥形物体时提供定向分集,和一保护性覆盖片(66)。一环形天线(46c)设计,其用于在一金属圆柱的顶部绕一柄部的应用。
Description
相关申请
本非临时专利申请涉及并要求享有较早提交的临时专利申请的优先权,其题为RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION(RFID)ANTENNATECHNIQUES,申请号为60/750,182,申请日为2005年12月14日。由此将该相关的较早提交的专利申请引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明大体涉及射频识别(RFID)装置,更具体地说,涉及到RFID装置用的微带贴片天线及其制造方法。
背景技术
RFID装置可用于多种不同的应用中,包括,例如监控、编目以及跟踪项目。RFID系统典型地包括数据储存及传送应答器或"标签";自标签接收数据询问器或"阅读器";以及将由询问器接收的数据传送到一信息系统的数据通信网络。
RFID标签通常具有一标签天线和一集成电路(IC)。标签天线可用多种材质构成,包括银、铜和铝,而且可被印刷(例如丝网印刷、凹版印刷、苯胺印刷)、蚀刻、压印或者生长。标签如包括一内部电源则为"主动型",如果其自一诸如询问器的外部电源接收电力则为"被动型"。电池辅助式标签(BATs)为一种被动型标签,其使用一内部电源来驱动该IC以及用一外部电源给射频传输以动力。
在一二端IC中,一端一般与一偶极天线的一第一极连接,而另一端则与该偶极天线的一第二极连接。在一四端IC中,一对端子与一第一偶极天线连接,而另一对端子则与一第二偶极天线连接。两偶极天线一般是平面型且于空间正交型,其可提供极化和定向分集。
RFID询问器具有一询问器天线和使用射频信号以远程地从处于有效范围内的标签获得数据。更具体地说,标签通过调制标签天线的散射参数来与询问器通信。例如,该IC呈现一阻抗,其为天线阻抗的复共轭;因此,一半的射频能量会送到该IC,而一半会散射或再幅射入空间内。然而,将两馈电点缩短的一偶极天线实际上为一具有共振长度的金属线。共振频率的射频能量在共振金属线中感生电流。由于金属线为一良导体,很少能量会变成热,而几乎所有的射频能量会散射。通过调制其阻抗,被动型标签的IC可改变标签所散射的能量。询问器检测这种反向散射能量的幅度或相位的变化,从而检测到标签中信号。
RFID系统在一系列不同的频率上工作,包括低频(LF)—典型地大约为125-135KHz;高频(HF)—典型地大约为13.56MHz;超高频(UHF)—典型地大约为315MHz、433MHz或900MHz;以及微波无线电频带—典型地大约为2.4至5.8GHz。在LH和HF频率时,标签天线典型地通过电抗近场的一磁分量与询问器天线耦合,其中两天线皆典型地配置成为一共振电路中的线圈。然而,用于近场系统的典型天线的线性尺寸一般地只为波长的几分之一,所以其为不良的电磁幅射体和接收器。因此,有效的工作范围可能限于离询问器天线仅仅几英寸。这样短的读出距离在许多应用中为极大的缺点。
在超高频和微波频率下,标签天线典型地通过一辐射远场与询问器天线耦合,其使用的电磁(EM)波可传播距离一般超过几个波长。因此,有效的工作范围可高达二十英尺或以上。不过,与HF频带相比,在该些较高频带上的电磁波的幅射和接收受该些天线的直接环境中的障碍物和物质的影响会大得多。尤其是,将标签附于包含金属或水的金属物件或容器时很成问题。
许多超高频RFID标签设有共振偶极天线。众所周知,偶极天线具有良好自由空间特性、具有一合适的波形因数以及容易设计和制造。不过,当放置在一诸如水的高损耗和/或高介电材料或是在一诸如金属的导体的附近时,偶极天线的性能会大大地降低。这通常会称为"金属/水问题",而其出现归因于介电材料改变天线的电磁特性,其使天线的共振频率和效率的改变。更具体地说,当一偶极天线在一导体附近放置时,天线的运作从一"自由空间共振器"变成一"体积共振器",其次在很多方式影响了天线的性能。如果天线不再共振,其在辐射及接收射频能量的效率会减低。天线频带宽度会变得较窄,以致于天线只在极小频率范围内才有效。如果天线是用来在该窄频带之外工作,则其性能将会被降低。此外,随着天线共振频率的变化,天线的特性阻抗也会改变。这会因天线和IC之间的有效功率传递降低,而进一步使性能降低。另外,如果介电材料是有损耗的(例如水),介电损耗会进一步促使天线性能的降低。另外,如果天线非常接近金属,天线的导电损耗将变得更显着,尤其是当其并不是在其共振频率下工作时。有人业已提出对这些问题的各种不同的解决方案,但这些方案都具有一或多种缺陷和缺点。
有些RFID标签设有微带天线。微带天线为一种天线,其包括一与一基片的一面结合的薄的金属导体以及一与该基片的另一面结合的接地平面。微带天线主要起体积共振器作用,其基本上不同通常设有于超高频RFID标签的偶极天线。通常,装有微带天线的标签还包括一馈电结构和匹配电路。天线、馈电结构以及匹配电路专门设计成与基片一起工作,而接地平面则使天线与其所附的材料电绝缘。
典型的微带馈电结构包括一同轴馈电、微带(共面)馈电、邻近耦合微带馈电、口径耦合微带馈电、或共面波导馈电。在每一情况下,天线与单一不平衡传输线耦合。
所述单一不平衡传输线馈电结构有两种常见的例外。第一种例外涉及一共平面形波导(CPW),其通常用在平衡馈电上以激励波导。CPW典型地通过在接地平面中划槽线来构成并且需要精确对准,其会大大地增加制造成本。此外,划线的接地平面不适用于许多RFID应用,其中标签用来直接安装在金属上。
第二种例外是对两种馈电用在一正方形或圆形微带天线上,其中一种馈电相对于另一馈电的相位差为90度。这可能是做了边缘馈电微带传输线(馈给两不同边缘)或两同轴探针(沿不同的轴馈给)以便可实现天线的圆极化。该双馈电结构通常从一分开的单一馈电,其具有的一后分的传输线比另一传输线长四分之一波长,就可实现90度的相位差。
以现有的微带天线为基的RFID标签的制造极复杂。这至少部份地归因于要引出一物理连接,例如一种在IC和接地平面之间为IC提供一电基准的通路。最后所得到的非平面连接结构使制造复杂性大大地增加。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种RFID标签用的改进的微带贴片天线、馈电结构和匹配电路,其包括一平衡馈电设计、一双端馈电结构设计、一组合式近场/远场设计、一双重天线设计以及一环形设计来克服上述和其它问题。在该种情况下,本发明使采用商品、成本产品,诸如镶嵌体,以及商品、低成本接合方法,诸如标签粘贴器和织物变换。
平衡馈电设计使用的平衡馈电通过一虚拟短接线耦合以在两馈电之间的一半的距离形成一虚拟短线以便排除将基片与接地平面作物理连接的需要。在该设计的一实施例中,该标签包括微带天线、与该微带天线的一非辐射边缘耦合且彼此的相位差为180度的第一和第二馈电以及使该第一和第二馈电耦合到一IC的匹配电路,其中该匹配电路包括使该第一和第二馈电耦合在一起的短接线。
双端馈电结构设计使用一通过在不同频率下共振的匹配电路与两贴片天线连接的四端IC以便提供定向和极化分集。在该设计的一实施例中,该标签包括第一和第二贴片天线;一具有第一和第二对端子的IC;一用于将第一贴片天线耦合到IC上的第一对端子的第一匹配电路,其中第一匹配电路在一第一频率共振;以及一用于将第二贴片天线耦合到IC上的第二对端子的第二匹配电路,其中第二匹配电路在一第二频率共振。在一实施例中,第一天线为可在由基片分隔的接地平面上工作的微带天线以及第二贴片天线为可与在自由空间中基片一起工作的偶极天线。在一实施例中,第一频率和第二频率相同。
组合式近场/远场设计使用为远场作业提供电磁耦合的微带天线以及为近场作业提供电感耦合的环形匹配电路。在该设计的一实施例中,该标签包括为远场作业提供电磁耦合的微带天线;IC;以及使该微带天线与该IC耦合的匹配电路,其中该匹配电路具有足够大的环形形状以为近场作业提供电感耦合。
双重天线设计使用第一和第二微带天线以在附于一圆柱形或圆锥形物体时提供定向分集;以及一保护性覆盖片。在该设计的一实施例中,该标签包括一包括一基片和一接地平面的第一层;一包括第一和第二微带天线的第二层,而且每一天线向该第二层的不同边延伸;一IC;以及分别将第一和第二微带天线耦合到该IC的第一和第二匹配电路;以及一包括一用于保护第二层免受工作环境的不利条件诸如物理碰撞或高温的影响的覆盖片的第三层。该第三层的覆盖片介电值比该第一层的基片的高。
环形设计尤其适用于靠近心柱的一金属圆柱的顶部。在该设计的一实施例中,该标签包括一具有带内缘和外缘的环形的微带天线;一IC;一将该微带天线耦合到该IC的匹配电路。在另一实施例中,该匹配电路与环形天线的内缘或外缘耦合。在一实施例中,环形可以是圆形或多边形。
应该明白,为了达到最大的效益,可以把任何两个或多个设计组合在一起。
以下将会对本发明的这些和其它的特征作更详细的叙述。
附图说明
以下的附图构成本说明书的一部份以及用于进一步说明本发明的若干方面。该些附图只作为范例而不作为对本发明的保护范围的限制。
图1所示为本发明的改进可以加以应用的典型RFID标签的立体图;
图2所示为一可用于实施本发明的改进的典型微带天线的平面图;
图3所示为具有第一和第二馈电结构的微带天线的平面图;
图4所示为具有以偶模驱动的第一和第二平衡馈电结构的微带天线的平面图;
图5所示为具有以奇模驱动的第一和第二平衡馈电结构的微带天线的平面图;
图6所示为具有业已与传输线一起延伸的第一和第二平衡馈电结构的微带天线的平面图;
图7所示为具有与一包括第一和第二传输线的匹配电路耦合的第一和第二平衡馈电结构的微带天线的平面图;
图8所示为具有通过一短接线耦合的第一和第二平衡馈电结构的微带天线的平面图;
图9所示为具有通过一短接线耦合的第一和第二平衡馈电结构的微带天线的平面图;
图10所示为具有与天线不对称地耦合的第一和第二馈电的微带天线的平面图;
图11所示为具有通过一短接线耦合的第一和第二不对称平衡馈电的天线的平面图;
图11A所示为一两不同频率共振的二元微带天线的平面图;
图11B所示为一两不同频率共振的二元微带天线、一平衡馈电结构以及一短接线匹配电路的平面图;
图12所示为与一四端IC耦合用的一第一微带天线和一第二微带天线的平面图;
图13所示为与一四端IC耦合用的一微带天线和一偶极天线的平面图;
图14所示为一具有一与天线的内缘耦合的匹配电路的环形天线平面图;
图15所示为一具有一与天线的外缘耦合的匹配电路的环形天线平面图;
图16所示为一具有槽的环形多边形天线的平面图;以及
图17所示为一包括一覆盖层的三层式RFID标签的截面正视图。
具体实施方式
在此参照附图,根据本发明的一或多个较佳实施例对一RFID标签被出叙述、说明及揭示等等。更具体地说,本发明涉及改进的微带贴片天线、馈电结构以及RFID标签用的匹配电路设计,包括一平衡馈电设计、一双端馈电结构设计、一组合式近场/远场设计、一双重天线设计以及一环形设计。
参照图1,所示的标准RFID标签40,或"应答器",包括一接地平面42、一介电基片44、一微带天线46、一馈电结构48、一匹配电路50以及一IC 52。该天线46、馈电结构48以及电路50设计成与接地平面42和介电基片44一起工作以使天线46与标签40所附的材料电绝缘。通常,本发明的微带天线46为贴片型天线而不是偶极型天线。
参照图2,其示出一标准天线46以论证下文论述中所用的坐标系统。该标准天线46为一具有长度L和宽度W的矩形微带天线,虽然也可使用其它的几何形状。该标准天线46可包括一具有厚度h、介电常数εr以及损耗角正切tan δ的基片。沿长轴的实际距离为x,而x=0形容的是矩形接线的左缘以及x=L形容的则是右缘。V(x)和I(x)分别为在点x处的电压和电流。为简单起见,假定纵轴方向上的电流和电压不变。
可以看出,I(0)=I(L)=0。还可以看出,满足该限制条件的第一非无效解为:
其中λe为在顾及基片的介电常数和任何弥散场效应下的有效波长。同样地,沿X轴的电压分布可如下列般导出:
如果L>W,则上述方程式描述第一共振模—或TM0,1模。首先,要注意到电流在该天线的中央附近具有偶模对称性,即I(L/2-x)=I(L/2+x)。其次,要注意到电压在该天线的中央附近具有奇模对称性,即V(l/2-x)=-V(L/2+x)。其三,在天线中部,I(L/2)=I0和V(L/2)=0,因此,阻抗Z(L/2)=0。头两个观察数据用于设计平衡馈电,而第三个则用于设计不平衡馈电和用于随后的分析。
该标准RFID标签40以及标准天线46的提供是为促进下文的论述而不是限制本发明的保护范围。
具有平衡馈电的微带天线
正如所述,制造微带天线的复杂性至少部份地归因于需要将IC 52接地,其大体涉及在IC 52和接地平面42之间产生一物理连结。藉由一平衡馈电设计可避免此问题,其使用通过一短接线耦合的平衡馈电以在两馈电之间中途产生一虚拟短路以排除将基片与接地平面作物理连结的需要。在该设计的一实施例中,该标签包括微带天线、与微带天线的一非辐射边缘耦合且彼此的相位差为180度的第一和第二馈电以及一将该第一和第二馈电耦合到一IC的匹配电路,其中该匹配电路包括一将该第一和第二馈电耦合在一起的短接线。产生的标签可以全然为平面型,即没有将一平面连接到另一平面的结构,其可大大地简化生产。在一实施例中,该第一和第二馈电包括微带传输线。
更具体地说,参照图3,将一馈电附于一矩形微带天线的一个方式为将该馈电置于一离贴片中央若干距离F的非辐射边缘上,例如,在x1=L/2-F。该馈电可在一选择的点处耦合该非辐射边缘以致于Z(L/2-F)=Z0,1其中Z0,1为馈电传输线的特性阻抗。注意,由于对称性,点x2=L/2+F将同样地适用。在不同约束和目标之下,沿该非辐射边缘的其它点也可能适用。
通过观察RFID标签中的对称性,可分析在两馈电点x1和x2之间的关系。在两者具有几乎相同阻抗时,其电压的时变特性则相反,或等同于具有相位差180度。因此,流经馈电的电流的方向相反,或等同于具有相位差180度。所以,该两馈电可被视为具有相位差180度。
公式化电流和电压特性的另一方式为使用偶模和奇模分析。参照图4,在偶模(同相)中的馈电点x1和x2在矩形贴片中部产生一开路。如果天线在偶模中驱动,就不会激励TM0,1共振模。参照图5,如果馈电点x1和x2在奇模中驱动,则在矩形贴片中部会产生一虚拟短路,并且会激励TM0,1共振模。因此,奇模分析足以描述矩形贴片于TM0,1共振附近的频率下的状态。同样正确的是,对于矩形贴片中的一具有一也会被激励的TM1,0模的接近正方形贴片,则奇模分析不足以描述其特性,因此,其要接受不同的分析。
点x1的端口阻抗可限定如下:
Z(x1)=V(x1)/I(x1), Eq.3
其中V(x1)为于位置x1相对于接地的电压。根据分析,可限定一新端口P12,其通过点x1和x2来限定。端口P12的阻抗可限定如下:
因为奇模对称性,所以可示出:
Z12=2Z(x1)=2Z(x2) Eq.5
参照图6,如果长度为l的传输线以一对称的方式自馈电延伸,就可保持奇模对称性。在点x3和x4的输入阻抗可用标准的传输线方程式来变换。如果Z0为传输线的特性阻抗,而l为传输线的长度,则:
Z(x4)的公式相类似。奇模对称性可以保持,因此,可用奇模分析来描述天线。如果传输线以一对称的方式进一步延伸,就可保持奇模对称性以及奇模分析就足以描述电路。此外,Z34=2Z(x3)=2Z(x4)继续有效。
根据上述的奇数对称性分析,一匹配电路可在全然没有传输线下构造。参照图7,在最简化的电路中,只有传输线变换阻抗。在此实施例中,天线和匹配电路为一阻抗约为34+j1 10Ω的IC而设计,介电质的厚度大约为0.062英时,同时εr=2.41和tan δ=0.0035。
参照图8,一单短接线匹配电路也可用传输线来构造。在一实施例中,馈电点延伸长度达l1。长度为l2的传输线构成一耦合馈电点的短接线56,而且可继而通过长度为l3的另一传输线变换。长度为l2的传输线端结在一虚拟短路,使用与上文所用相同的奇模分析就可将其示出。通过选择馈电点阻抗以及传输线的长度和宽度,基本上给端口P56任何阻抗都可行。
IC可通过该端口耦合匹配电路。参照图9,在一实施例中,该IC阻抗的复共轭通过端口P56展示。
还可设想其它的匹配电路结构。例如,锥形线匹配电路、开路短线匹配电路、多重短接线或开路短线匹配电路、或多节式串联传输线匹配电路、或其它的匹配电路几何结构皆可与天线耦合。
正如所述,矩形贴片天线的中部为零电压(V(L/2)=0)。一具有零电压的良导体实际上为一短路。因此,矩形贴片天线的中部可用作为接地的一虚拟基准。该馈电可以两用:第一,提供一电基准给一IC的一端,以及第二,作为一短接线的基准以构造一匹配电路,诸如图10所示的一矩形贴片天线上的短接线匹配电路。要注意到其它的匹配电路将会适用,包括而不限于,传输线、阶形传输线、多重阶形传输线、锥形传输线、阶形和锥形传输线的组合、具有单短线或多短线的短接线。
在另一实施例中,一天线的两馈电对齐以致于其既非平衡也非不平衡,但最好是沿天线的非辐射边缘非对称地设置。图11示出一平衡馈电短接线匹配电路的一实施例。虽然该馈电结构对于某些天线设计是可行的,但不对称馈电可能不如对称馈电那样有效。
参照图11A,所示的两在不同频率共振的天线46a、46b具有一单平衡馈电48和相称的匹配电路50。更具体地说,两矩形微带天线46a、46b配置成相交以致于形成一交叉,以使两者双共振和双极化。在一实施例中,该第一天线46调谐成于大约867MHz下共振并且具有第一极化,而第二天线46b则调谐成于大约915MHz下共振并且具有第二极化。第一矩形46a于867MHz时形成一共振天线,而第二矩形46b的共振频率则充分地远远隔离以致于基本上不会被激励,所以其充当一宽的传输线。该拿走第二矩形46b的馈电因而基本上为一电接地。因此,馈电结构48于867MHz的运作接近一平衡馈电的运作,其中一馈电取自天线(接地)的中心。同样地,第二矩形46b于915MHz下共振而第一矩形46a则充当一自接地的宽的传输线。此外,该馈电结构48如一平衡馈电般运作,其中一馈电是取自天线(接地)的中心。
参照图11B,所示为一多单元46a、46b贴片天线和平衡馈电48a、48b,其与一使天线可多频共振的共短接线匹配电路50耦合。该设计具有双共振状态,其中一共振频率约为865MHz,而第二个则约为915MHz。于915MHz下的状态为偶模,其中在两天线单元46a、46b的电流会变成不同相,因此,天线的幅射图并不是与平面成正交,而是具有成大约45度角的两波瓣。
具有双端馈电结构的微带贴片天线
正如所述,四端IC可与双偶极天线连接,其一对端子会与一第一偶极天线连接,而另一对端子则连接一与第一偶极天线正交的第二偶极天线。由于幅射图接近球形,标签可从任何方向几乎同样地阅读。此外,该双偶极设计朝两个方向线性地极化,导致极化分集,其可用来与使用线性极化天线的询问器相合。然而,一微带天线在接地平面的方向上具有很小或甚至没有幅射,因此一个双偶极天线通常并不具有实现定向分集的用途。
与其使用两端口装置于特定分集,不如将两端口用于频率分集。这可通过一双端馈电结构设计完成,其使用一通过于不同频率共振的匹配电路与矩形贴片天线连接的四端IC以提供定向和极化分集。在该设计的一实施例中,标签包括第一和第二贴片天线;一具有第一和第二对端子的IC;一用于将第一贴片天线耦合到IC上的第一对端子的第一匹配电路,其中第一匹配电路在一第一频率共振;以及一用于将第二贴片天线耦合到IC上的第二对端子的第二匹配电路,其中第二匹配电路在一第二频率共振。在一实施例中,第一天线为一可在一通过一基片分隔的接地平面上工作的微带天线以及第二贴片天线为一可与基片在自由空间中工作的偶极天线。在一实施例中,第一频率和第二频率相同。
更具体地说,由于薄的微带天线倾向于具有窄频带宽度,所以可使用多单元天线结构。参照图12,在一实施例中,该四端IC包括一对通过一在一频率(例如,915MHz)共振的匹配电路50a与一第一天线46a耦合的端子;以及另一对通过一在一第二频率(例如,866MHz)共振的匹配电路50b与一第二天线46b耦合的端子。两天线皆可使用平衡馈电和一短接线匹配电路耦合到该IC。
基片的使用对一微带天线的共振状态的影响不同于其对一偶极天线或其它没有接地平面的天线的共振状态的影响。所以具有一可与一在一接地平面上的基片一起运作以及在没有一接地平面下运作的RFID标签是有用的。
参照图13,在一实施例中,两不同的天线与IC耦合。第一天线为一设计成在一通过一基片分隔的接地平面上工作的微带天线,而第二天线为一设计成与所述基片在自由空间中一起工作的偶极天线。两天线可调谐到相同或不同的共振频率。
近场和远场作业用的微带天线
术语"近场"和"远场"通常限定如下:假定D为一天线的最大尺度,而λ则为所关注的频率的自由空间波长(对于915MHz而言为33cm)。比2D2/λ更近的空间区域通常被认定为近场区域,而远于2D2/λ的空间区域通常被认定为远场区域。
在近场区域,磁场或电感场倾向于占优。天线的电感场强度随1/d3而下降,其中d为距离。RFID系统内的近场通信通常用电感耦合来进行,其利用位于天线附近的强磁场。电感耦合可通过使用线圈来增加。因此,对于近场通信,询问器和标签通常采用某种呈一环形天线的形式。
在远场区域中,电磁场倾向于占优,其为传播场。RFID系统内的远场通信通常用电磁耦合来进行,比较像一雷达系统。通常,RFID询问器天线为一微带天线,而RFID标签天线为某种偶极天线,其中两天线皆可有效地将能量辐射入远场。
组合近场/远场的以偶极为基的RFID标签不适合于与一接地平面合作,就如远场的以偶极为基的RFID标签同样不适合于一接地平面附近好好地工作。由于贴片天线通常为实心并且常常很宽(例如,一矩形),其通常不是一好的电感耦合源。
该问题可通过一组合式近场/远场设计来避免,其使用一提供电磁耦合的微带天线进行远场作业以及一提供电感耦合的环形匹配电路进行近场作业。在该设计的一实施例中,该标签包括一提供电磁耦合的微带天线进行远场作业;一IC;以及一耦合该微带天线与该IC的匹配电路,其中该匹配电路具有足够大的环形形状以提供电感耦合进行近场作业。
图14-16所示为组合式近场/远场标签的实施例,下文中会对其作更详细叙述。图9中的匹配电路产生一面积小的环路。通过将环路修改成具有一大得多的面积,例如正如图14所示,则近场和远场功能皆可获得。更具体地说,环路提供充份的电感耦合作近场作业,而主微带天线则提供充份的电磁耦合作远场作业。
圆柱形或圆锥形物体用的微带天线阵列
有时候,必需将标签附于一金属圆柱体或圆锥体。不幸的是,如果一用于此的传统标签位于圆柱体或圆锥体的另一边,从询问器而言,其可能会不可读。
该问题可通过一双重天线设计来避免,其使用第一和第二微带天线以在附于一圆柱形或圆锥形物体时提供定向分集;以及一保护性覆盖片。参照图17,在该设计的一实施例中,该标签包括一包括基片和接地平面的第一层60;一包括第一和第二微带天线的第二层62,而且每一天线向该物体的不同侧延伸;一IC;以及分别将第一和第二微带天线耦合到该IC的第一和第二匹配电路;以及一包括一用于保护第二层免受一工作环境的一不利条件—诸如物理碰撞或高温的影响的覆盖片66的第三层64。该设计达致充份的定向分集以致于至少一天线基本上总是可读,不管圆柱体或圆锥体的方位。
微带可以短接,加电阻性负载,或是标准长度(一半波长),取决于大小和性能要求。
覆盖片保护标签免受与工作环境相关的不利条件—诸如物理碰撞或高温。该覆盖片可比底层的基片具有一较高的介电常数。在一实施例中,覆盖片的介电值低于10;在另一实施例中,介电值大约相等于或低于6。
为有助于将标签附于圆柱体或圆锥体,所述层可给定一弯曲形状,其接近柱面或锥形面的曲率,或可造成为软性以便在施加时容易顺应柱面或锥形面。
具有环形形状的微带天线
正如所述,矩形以外的几何形状可用于天线设计,视乎特定应用的要求。有时候,要将标签置于一具有一柄部的金属圆柱的顶部。矩形天线通常不是十份适用于该应用。
该问题可通过一环形设计来避免,其尤其适合于在一金属圆柱的顶部绕一柄部的应用。在该设计的一实施例中,该标签包括一具有一带有一内缘和一外缘的环形形状的微带天线;一IC;一将该微带天线耦合到该IC的匹配电路。该匹配电路可与环形物的内缘或是外缘耦合。环形可以是圆形或多边形。
更具体地说,参照图14,该匹配电路50可与环形天线46c的内缘耦合。在一示范性实施例中,环形物的外直径在一大约6.2 x 10-2英时厚且εr=2.41及tan δ=3.5 x 10-3的基片上约为86mm。参照图15,在该些天线围绕自圆柱体伸出的柄部来设置的应用中,例如在水瓶和灭火器的情况下,匹配电路可与环形天线的外缘耦合。
在某些应用中,可能需要一可调节的环形天线。参照图16,天线的一实施例包括用于电流重定向的槽70。较小的天线倾向于在较高的频率共振,而且槽可迫使电流蜿蜒而流,使到一较小的天线能以一用其它方式则不可能的较低频率共振。此外,一多边空心多边形可用来模拟一圆圈以有助于对天线设计作更精确的计算器模拟。在一实施例中,图16的六角形环形天线大约长66mm宽60mm且具有若干槽以及一与天线的内缘耦合的短接线匹配电路。
应该明白,可以为最大利益而组合上述任何两种或多种设计。例如,一具有环形形状的微带天线可设有平衡馈电结构、双端馈电结构、或组合式近场/远场作业结构。其它组合是有可能的。
根据本发明的揭示,本文中所揭示的和权利要求书中要求保护的装置和方法无需过多的实验就可实现。虽然业已结合具体实施例对本发明作了叙述,但是在不背离本发明的概念、精神和保护范围的情况下,对本发明所述的方法以及方法的步骤或者步骤的顺序均可能作出变动,这对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。故而,应该认为,所有这样一些对本领域的技术人员是显而易见的相似的替换和改型均属于所附权利要求限定的保护范围、精神以及概念之内。
Claims (51)
1.一种射频识别应答器,其包括:
微带贴片天线;
第一馈电和一第二馈电,每一馈电皆与所述微带贴片天线的一边缘耦合,而且所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电的相位差约为180度;以及
匹配电路,其将所述第一馈电和所述第二馈电耦合到集成电路。
2.如权利要求1所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一馈电和所述第二馈电各自位于距非辐射边缘大致中心的相对两侧大致相等的距离以及位于距非辐射边缘大致中心的相对两侧上。
3.如权利要求1所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一馈电和所述第二馈电各自由一或多条微带传输线组成。
4.如权利要求1所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述匹配电路包括与所述第一馈电耦合的第一传输线以及与所述第二馈电耦合的第二传输线,而所述第一传输线和所述第二传输线基本上对称。
5.如权利要求4所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一传输线和所述第二传输线与所述集成电路耦合。
6.如权利要求1所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述匹配电路由与所述第一馈电耦合的第一传输线以及与所述第二馈电耦合的第二传输线组成,而所述第一传输线和所述第二传输线基本上对称。
7.如权利要求1所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述匹配电路包括使所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电耦合以及在所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电之间形成虚拟短路的传输线。
8.在一种与一物体物理关联以及存储和交换关于所述物体的数据的射频识别应答器中,所述射频识别应答器具有一微带贴片天线和一集成电路,其改进包括:
第一馈电和第二馈电,每一馈电皆与所述微带贴片天线的一边缘耦合,而且所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电的相位差约为180度;以及
匹配电路,其将所述第一馈电和所述第二馈电耦合到一集成电路,所述匹配电路包括使所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电耦合以及在所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电之间形成一虚拟短路的传输线。
9.如权利要求8所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一馈电和所述第二馈电各自位于距非辐射边缘大致中心的相对两侧大致相等的距离以及位于距非辐射边缘大致中心的相对两侧上。
10.如权利要求8所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一馈电和所述第二馈电各自由一或多条微带传输线组成。
11.如权利要求8所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述匹配电路由与所述第一馈电耦合的第一传输线以及与所述第二馈电耦合的第二传输线组成,而所述第一传输线和所述第二传输线基本上对称。
12.一种射频识别应答器,其包括:
第一贴片天线和第二贴片天线;
具有第一对端子和第二对端子的集成电路;以及
使所述第一贴片天线耦合到所述第一对端子的第一匹配电路,其中所述第一匹配电路在第一频率共振;以及
使所述第二贴片天线耦合到所述第二对端子的第二匹配电路,其中所述第二匹配电路在第二频率共振。
13.如权利要求12所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述的射频识别应答器进一步包括对于每一贴片天线来说,第一和第二平衡馈电以及耦合所述平衡馈电的短接线。
14.如权利要求12所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一贴片天线为可在由基片分隔的接地平面上工作的微带贴片天线以及所述第二贴片天线可与自由空间中的所述基片一起工作。
15.如权利要求12所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一频率和所述第二频率大致相同。
16.在一种与一物体物理关联以及存储和交换有关所述物体的数据的射频识别应答器中,其改进包括:
第一贴片天线和第二贴片天线;
具有第一对端子和第二对端子的集成电路;
使所述第一贴片天线耦合到所述第一对端子的第一匹配电路,其中所述第一匹配电路在第一频率共振;以及
使所述第二贴片天线耦合到所述第二对端子的第二匹配电路,其中所述第二匹配电路在第二频率共振。
17.如权利要求16所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述的射频识别应答器进一步包括对于每一贴片天线来说,第一和第二平衡馈电以及耦合所述平衡馈电的短接线。
18.如权利要求16所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一贴片天线为可在由基片分隔的接地平面上工作的微带贴片天线以及所述第二贴片天线可与自由空间中的所述基片一起工作。
19.如权利要求16所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一频率和所述第二频率大致相同。
20.一种射频识别应答器,其包括:
为远场作业提供电磁耦合的微带贴片天线;
集成电路;以及
使所述微带贴片天线与所述集成电路耦合的匹配电路,其中所述匹配电路包括大到足以为近场作业提供电感耦合的电路环。
21.在一种与一物体物理关联以及存储和交换有关所述物体的数据的射频识别应答器中,所述射频识别应答器具有微带贴片天线、集成电路以及使所述微带贴片天线与所述集成电路耦合的匹配电路,其包括:
所述匹配电路包括还起近场天线作用的电路环。
22.一种射频识别应答器,其包括:
第一层,其包括基片和接地平面;
第二层,其包括:第一和第二微带贴片天线,而每一贴片天线皆向所述第二层的不同侧延伸;
集成电路;以及
第一和第二匹配电路,其分别使所述第一和第二微带贴片天线耦合到集成电路。
23.如权利要求22所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一微带贴片天线向所述第二层的第一侧延伸,而所述第二微带贴片天线则向所述第二层的相对的第二侧延伸,以便实现定向分集。
24.如权利要求22所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述的射频识别应答器进一步包括第三层,其包括保护所述第二层免受工作环境的不利条件影响的覆盖片。
25.如权利要求24所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第三层的所述覆盖片具有的介电值比所述第一层的所述基片的高。
26.如权利要求25所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述覆盖片的介电值低于10。
27.如权利要求25所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述覆盖片的介电值等于或低于6。
28.如权利要求24所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述不利条件为物理碰撞。
29.如权利要求24所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述不利条件为高温。
30.如权利要求22所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一和第二层为软性以便在施加时与弯曲形状一致。
31.在一种与一物体物理关联以及存储和交换有关所述物体的数据的射频识别应答器中,所述射频识别应答器具有集成电路,其包括:
第一层,其包括基片和接地平面;
第二层,其包括:第一和第二微带贴片天线,而每一贴片天线皆向所述第二层的不同侧延伸;
集成电路;以及
第一和第二匹配电路,其分别将所述第一和第二微带贴片天线耦合到集成电路;以及
第三层,其包括保护所述第二层免受工作环境的不利条件影响的覆盖片。
32.如权利要求31所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一微带贴片天线向所述第二层的第一侧延伸,而所述第二微带贴片天线则向所述第二层的相对的第二侧延伸,以便实现定向分集。
33.如权利要求31所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第三层的所述覆盖片的介电值比所述第一层的所述基片的高。
34.如权利要求33所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述覆盖片的介电值低于10。
35.如权利要求33所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述覆盖片的介电值等于或低于6。
36.如权利要求31所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述不利条件为物理碰撞。
37.如权利要求31所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述不利条件为高温。
38.如权利要求31所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述第一、第二和第三层为软性以便在施加时与弯曲形状一致。
39.一种射频识别应答器,其包括:
微带贴片天线,其具有带有内缘和外缘的环形;
集成电路;
第一馈电和第二馈电,每一馈电皆与所述微带贴片天线的边缘耦合,而且所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电的相位差约为180度;以及
匹配电路,其将所述第一馈电和所述第二馈电耦合到集成电路,所述匹配电路包括使所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电耦合以及在所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电之间形成一虚拟短路的传输线。
40.如权利要求39所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述匹配电路与所述微带贴片天线的所述内缘耦合。
41.如权利要求39所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述匹配电路与所述微带贴片天线的所述外缘耦合。
42.如权利要求39所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述微带贴片天线具有环形多边形。
43.如权利要求42所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述的射频识别应答器进一步包括一或多条在所述环形多边形内做成的槽。
44.在一种与具有柄部的圆柱形物体物理关联以及存储和交换有关所述物体的数据的射频识别应答器中,所述射频识别应答器具有微带贴片天线以及集成电路,其包括:
微带贴片天线,其具有带有内缘和外缘的环形;
第一馈电和第二馈电,每一馈电皆与所述微带贴片天线的一边缘耦合,而且所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电的相位差约为180度;以及
匹配电路,其将所述第一馈电和所述第二馈电耦合到所述集成电路,所述匹配电路包括使所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电耦合以及在所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电之间形成一虚拟短路的传输线;
其中所述匹配电路与所述微带贴片天线的所述内缘耦合。
45.如权利要求44所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述匹配电路与所述微带贴片天线的所述外缘耦合。
46.如权利要求44所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述微带贴片天线具有环形多边形。
47.如权利要求46所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述的射频识别应答器进一步包括一或多条在所述环形多边形内做成的槽。
48.在一种与具有柄部的圆柱形物体物理关联以及存储和交换有关所述物体的数据的射频识别应答器中,所述射频识别应答器具有微带贴片天线以及集成电路,其包括:
微带贴片天线,其具有带有内缘和外缘的环形;
第一馈电和第二馈电,每一馈电皆与所述微带贴片天线的一边缘耦合,而且所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电的相位差约为180度;以及
匹配电路,其将所述第一馈电和所述第二馈电耦合到所述集成电路,所述匹配电路包括使所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电耦合以及在所述第一馈电与所述第二馈电之间形成一虚拟短路的传输线;
其中所述匹配电路与所述微带贴片天线的所述外缘耦合。
49.如权利要求48所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述匹配电路与所述微带贴片天线的所述外缘耦合。
50.如权利要求48所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述微带贴片天线具有环形多边形。
51.如权利要求50所述的射频识别应答器,其特征在于,所述的射频识别应答器进一步包括一或多条在所述环形多边形内做成的槽。
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CN112821074A (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-18 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | 一种有源短波宽带双鞭天线 |
CN112909526A (zh) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-04 | 宁波大学 | 一种双频点超高频宽带标签天线 |
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WO2007070571A2 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
US20070195003A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
WO2007070571A3 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
WO2007070849A3 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
WO2007070849A2 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
WO2007070857A2 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
WO2007070849B1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
US7750813B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 |
US7505001B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
US20070164868A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
US20070194993A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
WO2007070857A3 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
US7557757B2 (en) | 2009-07-07 |
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