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CN101370643B - 具有u-型加强构件的复合面板的制备方法 - Google Patents

具有u-型加强构件的复合面板的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101370643B
CN101370643B CN200580052557.9A CN200580052557A CN101370643B CN 101370643 B CN101370643 B CN 101370643B CN 200580052557 A CN200580052557 A CN 200580052557A CN 101370643 B CN101370643 B CN 101370643B
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朱利奥·努内兹·德尔加多
奥古斯托·佩雷斯·帕斯托尔
卡布里耶·克鲁萨多·帕拉
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Airbus Operations SL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/446Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/543Fixing the position or configuration of fibrous reinforcements before or during moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/001Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
    • B29D99/0014Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings provided with ridges or ribs, e.g. joined ribs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/386Automated tape laying [ATL]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/24Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
    • B29K2105/246Uncured, e.g. green
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/001Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections
    • B29L2031/008Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a longitudinal cross-section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076Aircrafts

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造用于航空结构的面板(9)的方法,所述面板(9)具有U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17),所述I-型加强构件(17)在所述U-型加元件(13)的臂之间。本发明的方法包括下列步骤:提供用于在固化工具(31)上形成外壳(11)的层压体;提供用于形成加强构件(13,17)的平坦层压体(23);在各个的成形工具(33)上形成U-型构件(13),并且将I-型构件(17)放置在所述工具(33)上;在组装工具(41)上,将各个成形工具(33)集合在一起;将所有的加强构件(13,17)放置在外壳(11)上;在型材(59)的帮助下,将真空袋(55)放置在组件上;以及通过使用外部工具(60)在合适压力和温度条件下进行固化处理,加强所述组件,以确保所述加强构件(13,17)的臂的垂直性。

Description

具有U-型加强构件的复合面板的制备方法
发明领域
本发明涉及一种用于制备具有U-型加强构件的复合面板的方法,并且特别地涉及欲用于航空结构体的具有这种构造的面板。
发明背景
通常,使用在结构体的接合件形成部分中含有加强构件的面板。在获得提高面板刚性的各种方法中,存在将型材(profile)附着其上,以获得所需增加的刚性的方法。
还有各种方式将型材附着于面板上(通过铆钉、使用粘合剂...)。不同制造成本和结构体在其工作介质中的不同性能将根据这是如何完成的而获得。
在使用复合材料制备的面板中,一种非常有利的获得加强面板的方法是将面板和加强件的制造整合,以使当树脂固化时,所述两个元件保持彼此附着。这种通过将两种构件整合的制造方法被称作共同固化。从工业观点看,相比于铆钉型连接,共同固化连接的优点在于:不需要随后的机械加工和铆钉安装操作来实施连接。相比于使用粘合剂粘结的连接,共同固化连接具有更显著的优点:结构上重量较小,固化循环数减少,并且最后,不需要使用表面准备方法来进行连接。
不同类型的方法和设备在实施共同固化的现有技术中是已知的。具体地,公知的是:使用放置在真空袋内部的加强工具(由碳纤维或金属制成)和弹性体-型工具,随后通过它们将高压釜压力作用于接合件上。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种使用外壳和加强构件的共固化连接制造带有加强构件的面板的有效方法。
发明概述
本发明提供一种制造具有U-型加强构件和I-型加强构件(即,矩形横截面的加强构件)的用于航空结构体的面板的方法,所述I-型加强构件在所述U-型加强构件的梁腹(web)之间,所述方法包括下列步骤:
a)在固化工具上提供预浸渍的复合层压体,用于成形所述面板的外壳;
b)提供平面的预浸渍复合层压体,用于分别成形U-型加强构件和I-型加强构件;
c)在各个成形工具上由平面层压体成形U-型加强构件,并且将I-型加强元件放置在被安置于所述工具中的护盖(housing)内;
d)在组装工具上,将所述各个成形工具集合在一起;
e)将加强构件的组件放置在所述外壳上,将所述组装工具旋转180°,并且使其定位于上面;
f)一旦所述加强构件与所述外壳连接,就将所述工具移开;
g)在所述面板上放置真空袋,使它尽可能多地与所述加强构件的轮廓配合;
h)通过使用外部工具在合适压力和温度条件下的固化处理,使所述面板共固化,以确保U-型加强构件的梁腹和位于它们的梁腹之间的I-型加强构件的垂直性。
本发明的方法的重要特征在于:在单个固化循环中,由复合层压体获得用U-型型材加强的面板,在所述单个固化循环中,高压釜压力直接作用于所述面板,条件是所使用的工具位于真空袋的外部。
所述方法特别可应用于复合层压体,尤其是使用自动胶带粘合机完成顺序堆叠的预浸渍带类型的复合层压体。
从以下参考附图的其示例性实施方案的详细描述中,将获得本发明的其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1显示了用U-型型材加强的面板。
图2显示了图1的面板的示意性横截面图。
图3显示了具有其组件的面板的区域的详细视图。
图4示意性地显示了根据本发明的方法对象用于获得加强构件的起始层压体。
图5a和5b示意性地显示了根据本发明的方法对象,在面板加强构件成形过程中所涉及的元件。
图6显示了加强构件在单个成形工具上成形的详细视图。
图7a、7b和7c示意性地显示了面板由其组件成形的过程。
图8显示了在固化之前,面板的不同构件。
图9示意性地显示了真空袋的放置。
图10示意性地显示在固化过程中使用的外部工具。
发明详述
下面描述的本发明的方法对象具有制造用U-型型材加强的结构面板9的目的,所述结构面板9由外壳11、U-型加强构件13和设置在所述U-型构件的梁腹之间的I-型加强构件17形成。
首先,一方面,提供在组装固化工具31上通过自动胶带粘住获得的外壳11的层压,另一方面,提供成形加强件所需要的层压体23,所述层压体23是在通过自动胶带粘住制备的层压体上形成可控数量的切口而获得的。
切割层压体23,考虑到U-型加强构件13并不是沿着整个接合件连续的,因为它们在放置肋条的横向交叉点不存在,因此在这些区域中,层压体不必被折叠以形成U-型构件的梁腹。
层压体23在其内侧上安置有干剥离-叠层织物29的层,该层29与层压体23被同时切割。该层29伴随每一个层压体23,直到固化步骤结束,并且当被移除时,提供接合件的最后修整。
将层压体23放置在成形工具33上,其表面通过机械加工而复制底基层压体11可以具有的表面和/或凹部,因而它们之间完美结合。在成形工具33上的放置提供层压体23本身。在层压体23上放置可变形的非粘性膜31,并且通过夹具35将接合件放置在层压体不必被弯曲的区域中,以防止它们的任何移动(图5b)。
在热和真空的作用下,通过不可渗透的弹性膜(未显示)使层压体23在所需区域弯曲。
一旦用于成形U-型加强构件13的步骤结束,则将预先自动胶带粘住并且在数字控制机械中切割的I-型加强构件17的层压体就放置在为此目的而安置的护盖内。
然后,通过工具41将各个成形工具33集合在一起,以形成加强构件13,17的组,成形工具33在工具41上滑动,并且该层压体将形成加强构件13,17。
工具41上安置有一方面允许它上下移动而另一方面允许它绕着水平轴旋转的装置。通过旋转180°,在成形步骤中占据倒U位置的加强构件13占据最后的固化位置。使工具41降低到在其上形成有底基层压体11的组装固化工具31之上。工具41,31这两者都通过定中心装置39配合,以使在降低时,加强构件13,17占据它们在外壳11上的最终位置。
它们在这个位置上保持一段时间,直到底基外壳11和加强构件13,17的层压体彼此附着。然后,将成型的加强构件13,17从它们的相应工具33上释放,升高工具41,可看见剥离-叠层织物29的层。
然后,在外壳11和加强构件13,17的组件上完成最后的真空袋55。
最后,首先将无孔隔离膜45以预先被切割成具有适合宽度的条带的罩的形式安置在加强构件13,17上,使其覆盖在每两个加强构件之间的层压体的90%,从而防止来自层压体的树脂损伤真空袋55。
然后,安置形成真空袋的其余材料:在轮廓上的干玻璃纤维条带47,用于袋的真空密封49和袋55本身。在这种制造方法中,必要的是尽可能多地将真空袋与制造的接合件配合并且将材料相等地分布在各个加强构件的两侧上,因而为了安置真空袋的膜,使用旋转辊系统57,使袋55中的应力均匀,并且固定袋55的一组型材59已经被安置在适当位置上,以使没有材料被拖拉。
一旦真空袋的所有侧边都被闭合,就施加真空,而不用从组件的顶上移除型材58,因而U-型构件的垂直梁腹不用弯曲。
在树脂聚合循环的所有阶段期间,使用其它工具60用于固化适应于加强构件13,17的梁腹的组件。换言之,无论固化压力和温度可能是怎样,这些工具都作用于加强构件13,17的梁腹。这些另外的工具60代替用于安置真空袋55的型材59,并且在一个优选实施方案中,它们由一对沿着增强构件的长度分布的角铁61和弹簧63形成。由于弹簧63的作用,在真空袋55的顶上,角铁61在加强构件13,17的梁腹周围拉紧,因此确保了构件在固化循环过程中的垂直性。使用直接真空袋55的固化确保了所得层压体的良好压缩和/或质量。
制造过程限于下部梁腹的总厚度为2.5mm的U-型加强构件13,以使弯曲半径R具有相同的数量级,因此空腔12如此小,因而它们不需要特定的填料碎片。
对于越厚的U-型加强构件13,I-型增强构件17必须越短,从而达到弯曲半径的切线,并且必须使用其它材料以覆盖空腔12。
在上述的优选实施方案中,可以引入被包含在后附的权利要求限定的范围内的任何改变。

Claims (6)

1.一种制造用于航空结构体的面板(9)的方法,所述面板(9)具有U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17),所述I-型加强构件(17)在所述U-型加强构件(13)的梁腹之间,所述方法的特征在于它包括下列步骤:
a)在固化工具(31)上提供预浸渍的复合层压体,用于成形所述面板(9)的外壳(11);
b)提供平面的预浸渍复合层压体(23),用于分别成形U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17);
c)在各个的成形工具(33)上,由所述平面的预浸渍复合层压体(23)成形U-型加强构件(13),并且将I-型加强元件(17)放置在被安置于所述成形工具(33)中的护盖内;
d)在组装工具(41)上,将所述各个成形工具(33)集合在一起;
e)将所述U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17)的组放置在所述外壳(11)上,将所述组装工具(41)旋转180°,并且使其定位于上面;
f)一旦所述U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17)与所述外壳(11)连接,就将所述组装工具(41)移开;
g)将真空袋(55)放置在所述外壳(11)、所述U-型加强构件(13)和所述I-型加强构件(17)的组件上,并且通过型材(59),使它尽可能多地与所述U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17)的轮廓配合;
h)通过在合适压力和温度条件下使用外部工具(60)的固化处理,使所述组件共固化,以确保所述U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17)的梁腹的垂直性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造用于航空结构体的面板(9)的方法,所述面板(9)具有U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17),所述I-型加强构件(17)在所述U-型加强构件(13)的梁腹之间,所述方法的特征在于:在步骤b)中,用于成形所述U-型加强构件(13)的所述平面的预浸渍复合层压体(23)在它们的内侧上被安置有干剥离-叠层织物(29)的层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制造用于航空结构体的面板(9)的方法,所述面板(9)具有U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17),所述I-型加强构件(17)在所述U-型加强构件(13)的梁腹之间,所述方法的特征在于:步骤f)包括在所述U-型加强构件(13)上安置无孔隔离膜,以防止它们的树脂损伤所述真空袋(55)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制造用于航空结构体的面板(9)的方法,所述面板(9)具有U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17),所述I-型加强构件(17)在所述U-型加强构件(13)的梁腹之间,所述方法的特征在于:在步骤h)中使用的外部工具(60)包括两个可以通过几个弹簧(63)的压力进行调节的型材(61)。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的制造用于航空结构体的面板(9)的方法,所述面板(9)具有U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17),所述I-型加强构件(17)在所述U-型加强构件(13)的梁腹之间,所述方法的特征在于:所述U-型加强构件(13)的厚度小于2.5mm。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的制造用于航空结构体的面板(9)的方法,所述面板(9)具有U-型加强构件(13)和I-型加强构件(17),所述I-型加强构件(17)在所述U-型加强构件(13)的梁腹之间,所述方法的特征在于,所述U-型加强构件(13)的厚度等于或大于2.5mm,并且所述方法还包括使用其它材料以覆盖在所述U-型加强构件(13)、所述I-型加强构件(17)和所述外壳(11)之间的空腔。
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