CN101363822A - Transparent parallel plate device for researching viscous fingering of fracture acidizing fluid - Google Patents
Transparent parallel plate device for researching viscous fingering of fracture acidizing fluid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A transparent parallel plate device for researching the viscous fingering of a fracturing acidification fluid is applied to the viscous fingering test research of oilfield fracturing acidification construction. Is characterized in that: the transparent parallel plates are adhered by the peripheries of the two transparent plates, and a simulated gap with the width of 5-20 mm is formed between the two transparent plates. And a pressure sensor is fixed on the side surface of the transparent parallel plate. The transparent parallel plate is fixed with a release valve and an exhaust valve, and the left end face and the right end face are provided with an experimental fluid inlet and an experimental fluid outlet. The outlet of the pumping system is connected with the inlets of the two intermediate containers. The intermediate container is internally provided with a piston or a diaphragm. The outlet of the intermediate container is connected with the inlet of the flow divider. The outlet member of the splitter is connected to the inlet of the transparent parallel plate. The outlet of the transparent parallel plate is connected with a confluence device, and the outlet of the confluence device is connected with a back pressure regulator. The effect is as follows: the invention can observe and measure the time and degree of viscous fingering of the fracture acidizing fluid under the conditions of different viscosity differences, density differences and different discharge capacities, and carry out related scientific research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of indoor experimental apparatus of studying the oil gas field reservoir, be particularly related to the device of viscous fingering phenomenon between the liquid of testing the generation of fracture acidizing fluid, specifically the viscous fingering that may exist between the different fluid of fracture acidizing construction in the crack that reservoir forms carried out the device of testing research.
Background technology
In the particularly hypotonic hydrocarbon zone exploratory development of oil and gas reservoir process, the fracture acidizing technology is the main measure of adopting usually of transformation reservoir stimulation augmented injection.The viscous fingering of fracture acidizing fluid is one of major technique of effectively transforming reservoir, main process at first inject high viscosity, non-Newtonian fluid produces the crack as spearhead, the viscous adhesive lime set is made seam, injects low glactaric acid liquid then in seam, perhaps alternately injects high sticking and thin fluid body.Low glactaric acid liquid is in high viscose glue lime set high speed fingering and flow inhomogeneous, acid is with the mode displacement high viscosity spearhead of fingering, therefore can penetrate and uneven etching crack wall, the passage that causes the oil gas outflow is therefore after pressure break, when the crack internal pressure is cancelled, can in the stratum, stay the next one to have the passage of guide performance.And reach the purpose of transforming the reservoir stimulation augmented injection.Fracture acidizing fluid viscosity fingering measure The Application of Technology is confirmed it is effective by most of oilfield application in the world.
The erratic process of the viscous fingering that is caused by a kind of low viscosity fluid displacement one other fluid process has been a researchist institute question of common concern for many years.Having such as small-sized parallel plate model before, Hele-Shaw model (list of references 1-5) or hole inner model (list of references 6-9) carry out the research of two kinds of fluid displacement simulations and viscous fingering.Typical Hele-Shaw box is made up of two blocks of sheet glass of small distance very of being separated by.The improvement of hole inner model then is to accompany in two glass plates by the sand grains dielectric layer after the weathering, in the hope of the randomness character of more objective reflection porous medium.Hole inner model apparent size is 137.5 * 137.5 * 40mm.Hole inner model two ends have the aperture to be about 1 millimeter injector tunnel and discharge opeing road, and the physical size of model pore media layer is 125 * 125 * 0.7mm.Relatively more classical ripe fluid displacement theoretical research all is by the Hele-Shaw model, uses the Newtonian fluid of the another kind of viscosity of Newtonian fluid displacement of less viscosity, comes the state of two kinds of fluid generations of experimental study displacement.List of references is as follows:
1.Benham，A.L.&?Olson，R.W.，A?model?study?of?viscous?fingering.
Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(June1963)，p.138.
2.Perkins，T.K.，Johnston，O.C.&?Hofman，R.N.，
Mechanics?of?viscous?fingering?in?misciblesystems.
Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(December1965)，p.301.
3.Blackwell，R.J.，Rayne，J.R.&?Terry，W.)！.，Factorsinfluencing?the?efficiency?of?miscible?displacement.Trans.AIME(1960)，219，264.
4.Varnon，J.E.&?Greenkorn，R，A.，Unstable?two-fluid?flow?in?aporous?medium.
Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(September1969)，p.293，
5.Gupta，S.P.，Varnon，J.E.&?Greenkorn，R.A.，Viscous?fingerwavelength?degeneration?in?Hele-Shaw?models.Water?ResourcesResearch~，(August1973).no.4，p.1039.
6.Gupta，S.P.&Greenkorn，R.A.，An?experimental?study?ofimmiscible?displacement.Water?Resources?Researchg，(April1974)，no.2，p.371.
7.Offeringa，J.&?van?der?Poel，C，，Displacement?of?oil?fromporous?media?by?miscible?liquids.Trans.AIME(1954)201，p，311.
8.Koval，E.J.，A?method?for?predicting?the?performance?ofunstable?miscible?displacement?in?heterogeneous?media.Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(June1963)，p.145.
9.Perkins，T.K.&Johnston，O.C.，A?studyof?immiscible?fingeringinlinear?models，Soc.Pet.Eng.J.(March1969)，p.39.
The research of the viscous fingering of telling about is above all carried out at displacement process between two kinds of Newtonian fluids, at present also not for being applicable to that a kind of non-Newtonian fluid that occurs in the fracture acidizing process reported by the research of viscous fingering aspect in the Newtonian fluid displacement process.Yet for the fracture acidizing fluid, its fluid is non-Newtonian fluid, the another kind of non-Newtonian fluid of involved a kind of non-Newtonian fluid displacement in its viscous fingering process, and this unstable displacement process occurs in the crack, the state that geometric configuration and liquid flow are not expanded in the crack far be not yet Hele-Shaw model and hole inner model can simulate, correlative study and research equipment thereof are few in existing document.
As seen from the above, study the fingering of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity, its experimental provision should be fracture geometry and the stressed distribution that can simulate reservoir reality; Experimental provision also should be the fracture acidizing fluid that can measure and pump into different pump speeds the non newtonian character of different viscosities; The fracture geometry of experimental provision should reflect that with the ratio relation that pumps into speed reservoir forms the situation that the fluid in the crack runs under the actual field condition; The stressed external force that is not subjected in experimental provision crack particularly can not influence by equally distributed point pressure; The experimental provision structural stress asks easy, and is workable.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of transparent parallel device that is used to study the fingering of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity, so that simulate the viscous fingering research that two or more non-Newtonian fluids that alternately inject of fracture acidizing engineering may occur in the crack.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: be used to study the transparent parallel device of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity fingering, comprise intermediate receptacle, pipe valve, back-pressure regulator, pressure transducer, exhaust-valve and the atmospheric valve of transparent parallel, pumping system, band piston.It is characterized in that:
Transparent parallel comprises two transparent panels.The length of two transparent panels is between 1000-8000mm, and width is between 200-1000mm.Two bonding and sealings in transparent panel surrounding, the width of surrounding is between 60-100mm.Rectangle simulation slot between the 5-20mm is arranged in the middle of two transparent panels, promptly accompany the rectangle simulation slot between the 5-20mm between two transparent panels.The length of simulation fracture and the high geometric configuration that meets conventional hydraulically created fracture.The edge-on placement of transparent parallel, there are a plurality of instrument connections side and/or upper surface at transparent parallel, instrument connection links with the simulation slot, be fixed with pressure transducer in the instrument connection respectively, the transparent parallel upper surface is fixed with air release, air release links with the simulation slot, and air release can make the fracture acidizing fluid all be full of whole simulation fracture.The lower surface of transparent parallel is fixed with exhaust-valve, and exhaust-valve links with the simulation slot, and exhaust-valve can make the rapid emptying of fluid in the whole simulation fracture.Transparent parallel left and right sides both ends of the surface are evenly equipped with 3-10 connecting holes, and connecting hole links with the simulation slot, is fixed with Experimental Flowing Object inlet tube valve member and outlet valve member in the connecting hole respectively, and the quantity of inlet tube valve member and outlet valve member is respectively between 3-10.
For easy to make, two transparent panels when making, wherein between the thickness 30-80mm of a thick transparent panel, the thin transparent panel thickness of another piece is between 10-60mm.It is rectangular recess between the 5-20mm that the degree of depth is arranged in a side of thick transparent panel.The surrounding of groove to the length of the surrounding of thick transparent panel between 60-100mm.Bonding around two transparent panels.
Pumping system comprises volume pump and pipe valve, and pumping system outlet valve member connects the inlet of two intermediate receptacles at least.Volume pump is the volume pump of discharge capacity in the stepless adjustment of 0.01-100l/min, conveying discharge capacity error≤1% of volume pump.
The container that intermediate receptacle is made for the stainless steel inner lining polytetrafluoroethylplastic plastic, piston or barrier film are arranged in the intermediate receptacle, its piston or barrier film are used to guarantee the power fluid of volume pump output and Experimental Flowing Object are isolated, so as with same volume pump to different experimental liquid transmitting powers.The outlet of intermediate receptacle has pipe valve to connect splitter inlet.The outlet of shunt has pipe valve to connect the inlet tube valve member of transparent parallel.
Transparent parallel outlet valve member is connected with convergence device, and the Experimental Flowing Object that transparent parallel outlet valve member is flowed out merges together.The outlet of convergence device is connected with back-pressure regulator.
The a plurality of connecting holes in transparent parallel side evenly distribute, and the density of connecting hole is every meter 13 hole.The aperture of connecting hole is 8mm.
In the experimentation, importantly make the physical dimension of simulation fracture and the proportional relation of discharge capacity of pumping system.Determining of this proportionate relationship mainly is by adjusting the discharge capacity adaptation simulation fracture size of pumping system, reach linear velocity or the simulation fracture that the simulation fracture inner fluid flows the mobile shear rate of liquid is compared with actual linear velocity or shear rate that the fracture acidizing fluid of mining site runs into, have and meet similar being as the criterion.
Described pipe valve is a stainless steel material, the common product of market circulation, and the pipe valve that meets withstand voltage regulation all can use; Described back-pressure regulator is the common product of market circulation, can make total system remain on the research required pressure and get final product; Described pressure transducer is the common product of market circulation, can gather the intrasystem pressure value in crack and get final product; Pipe valve as air release, exhaust method, access is the common product of market circulation, itself and transparent thin board need be reserved the instrument connection bonding, keeps sealing to get final product.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention can finish the viscous fingering research that two or more non-Newtonian fluids that alternately inject of simulation oil field fracture acidizing work progress may occur in the crack.Simulate, study the viscous fingering situation of fracture acidizing fluid in the stratum by the transparent parallel device, not only can the Direct observation process fluid flow, more can gather experimental data be correlated with match and calculating.Existed test results shows that fluid viscosity ratio, fluid rate of injection, simulation fracture width are the significant variable parameter of control viscous fingering process by identification; The fingering process is also relevant with factors such as fluid density difference, temperature profile, the distributions of seam internal pressure.Experimentation can quantitatively be analyzed, and for the situation of viscous fingering in the acid fracturing measure certain directive significance is arranged.Can observe and measure that the fracture acidizing fluid is poor at different viscosities, occur the opportunity and the degree of viscous fingering under density difference and the different displacements situation, carry out related science research.The present invention also has simple in structure, is convenient to the characteristics of experimental implementation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the transparent parallel device synoptic diagram that is used to study the fingering of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1. pumping system, the 2. intermediate receptacle of band piston, 3. pipe valve, 4. pressure transducer, 5. transparent parallel crack, 6. exhaust-valve, 7. atmospheric valve, 8. back-pressure regulator, 9. convergence device, 10. shunt.
Embodiment
To further illustrate the structure that the present invention is used to study the transparent parallel device of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity fingering with example below.
Embodiment 1: consult accompanying drawing 1.Be used to study the transparent parallel device of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity fingering, comprise intermediate receptacle 2, pipe valve 3, back-pressure regulator 8, pressure transducer 4, exhaust-valve 6 and the atmospheric valve 7 of transparent parallel 5, pumping system 1, band piston.
Transparent parallel 5 adopts that two transparent panels are bonding to form.Two transparent panels are that polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) material is made the molecular formula of polymethylmethacrylate :-[CH3CH2COOCH3]-n.The length of two transparent panels is 2m, and width is 0.45m.Wherein the thickness of a thick transparent panel is 40mm, and another piece approaches transparent panel thickness 20mm.At the medial surface of thick transparent panel the degree of depth being arranged is the rectangular recess of 8mm, the long 1.9m of groove, wide 0.25m.Bonding and sealing around two transparent panels, the simulation slot of formation 8mm between two transparent panels.Bonding agent adopts common product of market circulation such as methenyl choloride.
Transparent parallel 5 edge-on placements are fixed by i shaped steel.I shaped steel is stressed evenly to the point of fixity of transparent parallel 5 sides.Clamp to prevent transparent parallel 5 crack occurrences with i shaped steel, the folder power of i shaped steel should be stressed uniformly.
On the top, side of transparent parallel 53 instrument connections are arranged, 1 instrument connection is arranged at the bottom, side, and promptly instrument connection is distributed near near the end face of the left and right sides.Instrument connection links with the simulation slot.Be fixed with pressure transducer 4 in the instrument connection respectively.Promptly be coated on the threaded rod of pressure transducer 4 and screw, play fixing and sealing function with the methenyl choloride bonding agent.Transparent parallel 5 upper sides are fixed with air release 6, and the following survey face of transparent parallel 5 is fixed with exhaust-valve 7.Transparent parallel 5 left and right sides both ends of the surface respectively are evenly distributed with 3 connecting holes, and the density of connecting hole meets every meter 13 hole.The aperture of connecting hole is 8mm.Be fixed with Experimental Flowing Object inlet tube valve member and outlet valve member in the connecting hole respectively.
The container that intermediate receptacle 2 is made for the stainless steel inner lining polytetrafluoroethylplastic plastic has piston in the intermediate receptacle 2.The outlet of intermediate receptacle 2 has pipe valve to connect shunt 10 inlets.The outlet of shunt 10 has 3.The outlet of shunt 10 has pipe valve to connect the inlet tube valve member of transparent parallel 5.
Transparent parallel 5 has 3 outlet valve members 3 to be connected with convergence device 9, and the outlet of convergence device 9 is connected with back-pressure regulator 8.The model of back-pressure regulator 8 is that the common metallic membrane back-pressure regulator in market gets final product.The highest setting value of back-pressure regulator 8 is specified output pressures of volume pump 1, this moment, liquid kept static, unless but generally in the future utilizing the research project of this equipment that special requirement are arranged, it is atmospheric pressure that the setting of back-pressure regulator 8 in most cases can be set back pressure.
The summary experimentation helps to understand the present invention.
Preliminary work comprises: be full of clear water in model; In the intermediate receptacle 2 of band piston, install the different liquids that to test in advance so that use volume pump to exert pressure and these different liquid are injected in the parallel-plate in the different periods of needs and go afterwards to intermediate receptacle 2.
Different liquids described in the preliminary work comprises: the fracture acidizing working fluid of different viscosities, density or the working fluid of simulation, will design the composition of liquid and the precedence that pumps into voluntarily according to the needs of research work.Different operating liquid generally can inject respectively, finish displacement test with the liquid that the displacement of injecting is in the back injected in advance, comprise that base fluid, frozen glue, acid solution and the gelled acid, emulsified acid, cross-linked acid and the salt solution that use aqueous fracturing fluid carry out related experiment.Adopt different displacements to compare experiment.And with video camera observe by transparent parallel 5 and the record different liquids between state of interface, whether viscous fingering takes place, begin to take place the time of viscous fingering, parameter or phenomenon that shape that the steady state (SS) time that viscous fingering takes place, viscous fingering phenomenon, the back different liquids took place or the like is used to study.
One of research example is simple viscosity ratio, low sticking displacement high-viscous liquid experiment.Having used clear water displacement concentration respectively is that 0.3% hydroxypropyl guar glue solution and concentration are 0.6% hydroxypropyl guar glue solution.Under 300ml/min, do not find the viscous fingering phenomenon, bring up to more than the 500ml/min, what discovery was occurred by 0.3% hydroxypropyl guar glue solution of displacement is the ligule viscous fingering, what occurred by 0.3% hydroxypropyl guar glue solution of displacement is elongated flower-shaped viscous fingering, and the pump pressure of this moment is approximately about 0.2MPa.
At first one section unstable state in the fingering process, the development of this stage fingering all has growth in length with above the width, enters pseudosteady state then, and the height of this stage fingering has reached Metacentre Height, therefore highly can not increase so far, only be constantly to increase on length.And along with the increase of viscosity ratio, the height of fingering main part reduces.Under very high viscosity ratio condition (600:1 and 900:1), the development of fingering will be propped up shape with the dendroid edge and be increased.What the increase of fingering height relied on is to increase rate of injection, and lower rate of injection has limited the development of contiguous perf fingering vertical height, has also reduced the possibility that this regional finger-like merges thus.
Having carried out liquid in the experiment can be by single eyelet or two even three different situations that eyelet enters.The single fingering height that is formed by two entry portals in the experiment mainly is after certain distance than highly little by single fingering of going into interruption-forming, and merging has taken place in two other fingering of branch.Do not consider the difference of inlet quantity, other conditions of experiment are to carry out under simulated condition as two liquid viscosities ratio, rate of injection and fracture width, and experiment shows in already present fingering highly a self-stabilization tendency.Prevent that two adjacent eyelet fingering from merging, need the distance in enough wide perf space.
Carried out the viscous fingering test of fluid density difference in the experiment.The use of density difference of gel rubber system and acid is the measure commonly used at the scene in order to prevent in the acid fracturing process that acid enters in the waters.Yet usually the density difference between two kinds of liquid (gel and low-viscosity (mobile) liquid) can be ignored the influence of viscous fingering in the experiment, and this mainly is that the influence of gravity factor (vertical direction) is less than viscosity factor (horizontal direction).But under extreme case, as use density to be 1.1g/cm
3Above salt solution (low sticking) comes displacement density only to be 1.01g/cm
3About liquid the time, its viscous fingering phenomenon obviously is different from the situation of the approaching thin fluid body displacement high-viscous liquid of density, is subjected to gravity effect to make that the trend of viscous fingering is significantly downward.
Claims (5)
1. transparent parallel device of studying the fingering of fracture acidizing fluid viscosity, comprise intermediate receptacle (2), pipe valve (3), back-pressure regulator (8), pressure transducer (4), exhaust-valve (6) and the atmospheric valve (7) of transparent parallel (5), pumping system (1), band piston, it is characterized in that:
Transparent parallel (5) comprises two transparent panels, the length of two transparent panels is respectively between 1000-8000mm, width is between 200-1000mm, two bonding and sealings in transparent panel surrounding, the width of surrounding is between 60-100mm, rectangle simulation slot between the 5-20mm is arranged in the middle of two transparent panels, promptly accompany the degree of depth between two transparent panels and be the rectangle slot between the 5-20mm, the edge-on placement of transparent parallel (5), there are a plurality of instrument connections side and/or upper surface at transparent parallel (5), instrument connection links with the simulation slot, be fixed with pressure transducer (4) in the instrument connection respectively, transparent parallel (5) upper surface is fixed with air release (6), the lower surface of transparent parallel (5) is fixed with exhaust-valve (7), air release (6) and exhaust-valve (7) link with the simulation slot, transparent parallel (5) left and right sides both ends of the surface are evenly equipped with 3-10 connecting holes, connecting hole links with the simulation slot, be fixed with Experimental Flowing Object inlet tube valve member and outlet valve member in the connecting hole respectively, the quantity of inlet tube valve member (3) and outlet valve member (3) is respectively between 3-10;
Pumping system (1) comprises volume pump and pipe valve (3), pumping system (1) outlet valve member (3) connects the inlet of two intermediate receptacles (2) at least, volume pump is the volume pump of discharge capacity in the stepless adjustment of 0.01-100l/min, conveying discharge capacity error≤1% of volume pump;
The container that intermediate receptacle (2) is made for the stainless steel inner lining polytetrafluoroethylplastic plastic, intermediate receptacle has piston or barrier film in (2), the outlet of intermediate receptacle (2) has pipe valve to connect shunt (10) inlet, and the outlet of shunt (10) has pipe valve to connect the inlet tube valve member of transparent parallel (5);
Transparent parallel (5) outlet valve member is connected with convergence device (9), and the outlet of convergence device (9) is connected with back-pressure regulator (8).
2. the transparent parallel device of research fracture acidizing fluid viscosity according to claim 1 fingering, it is characterized in that: described two transparent panels are wherein between the thickness 30-80mm of a thick transparent panel, the thin transparent panel thickness of another piece is between 10-60mm, at the medial surface of thick transparent panel the degree of depth being arranged is rectangular recess between the 5-20mm, the surrounding of groove to the length of the surrounding of thick transparent panel between 60-100mm.
3. the transparent parallel device of research fracture acidizing fluid viscosity according to claim 1 fingering is characterized in that: transparent parallel (5) side connecting hole evenly distributes, and the density of connecting hole is every meter 13 hole, and the aperture of connecting hole is 8mm.
4. the transparent parallel device of research fracture acidizing fluid viscosity according to claim 1 fingering is characterized in that: two transparent panels are that polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) material is made.
5. the transparent parallel device of research fracture acidizing fluid viscosity according to claim 1 fingering is characterized in that: transparent parallel (5) is fixed by i shaped steel, and i shaped steel is stressed evenly to the point of fixity of transparent parallel (5) side.
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| CN102590043A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method for measuring axial dispersion coefficient of methylene blue in polymer solution |
| CN102590043B (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-10-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method for measuring axial dispersion coefficient of methylene blue in polymer solution |
| CN103226086A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-07-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Online high-temperature high-pressure viscosity rapid measuring device for rock core displacement experiment |
| CN103226086B (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2015-12-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Online high-temperature high-pressure viscosity rapid measuring device for rock core displacement experiment |
| CN105445424B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-05-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of hydraulic fracture network analog device |
| CN105445424A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Hydraulic fracture network analog device |
| CN105571988A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Polymer thermal stability detection equipment and detection method |
| CN109386275A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The visual experimental apparatus and experimental method flowed in simulation rock crack |
| CN109386275B (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2022-02-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Visual experiment device and method for simulating flow in rock crack |
| CN109779593A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-21 | 西南石油大学 | A visual flat crack device that can realize three-dimensional flow field test |
| CN109779593B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-05-01 | 西南石油大学 | Visual flat plate crack device capable of realizing three-dimensional flow field test |
| CN110879287A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-13 | 天津大学 | Hull-Shore Sheet Test Apparatus with Adjustable Plate Spacing |
| CN115263266A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-01 | 西南石油大学 | Reverse-order acid fracturing method for carbonate reservoir |
| CN115263266B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2023-02-21 | 西南石油大学 | A Reverse Sequence Acid Fracturing Method for Carbonate Reservoirs |
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