CN110348031A - The nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well - Google Patents
The nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well.This method may include: to establish multilayer anisotropically layer model according to formation parameter and construction parameter；According to fluid neuron network equation, rock deformation equation, crack distortion criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation is established；According to fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation, it is extended finite element numerical simulation in multilayer anisotropically layer model, determines the distorted configurations at fractured horizontal well nearly each moment of pit shaft crack.The present invention is by calculating fracture width variation, analyze the influence of the factors fractures such as construction parameter distortion variation, variation degree is distorted according to crack and transformation period, the specific aim for well Optimized fracturing design of improving the standard provide theoretical foundation for in-situ horizontal well Optimized fracturing design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas field development fields, more particularly, to a kind of nearly pit shaft crack twisted shape of fractured horizontal well
State method for numerical simulation.
Background technique
Horizontal well stage fracturing technology is mostly used greatly for the exploitation of the untraditional reservoirs such as shale gas, tight gas at present,
The difference is that near-wellbore region can form crack distortion, theoretical calculation and logistics organizations are tested for fractured horizontal well and vertical well fracture
This crack twisted phenomena possibility is demonstrate,proved.The Lagrangian numerical computation method of Zhang et al. (2005) application simulates closely
Near wellbore three-dimensional cracking crack Steering, and compared with experimental result, but their model does not account for crack
And the coupled relation in hole between fluid flowing and rock deformation；Lecampion et al. (2013) analyzes fractured horizontal well
Competitive relation between the nearly horizontal and vertical crack of near wellbore, analysis result mainly with stratum characteristic, construction parameter, perforating parameter and
Stress field is related, the primary limitation of the model be can not real-time display crack extension and distorted configurations, cannot intuitively observe and split
Stitch change procedure；Sherman et al. (2015) simulates the nearly near wellbore crack of horizontal well using three-dimensional finite element model and expands
It exhibition and turns to, nearly near wellbore crack complexity, has recorded the pressure consistent with this complexity and close as the result is shown
System, but model foundation is on the basis of single layer homogeneous reservoir, and the factors fracture complexity journey such as do not account for construction parameter, stress difference
Degree influence, do not quantify crack from transverse crack distortion be longitudinal crack when change width.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of water
The nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of horizontal well pressure break.
The information for being disclosed in background of invention part is merely intended to deepen the reason to general background technique of the invention
Solution, and it is known to those skilled in the art existing to be not construed as recognizing or imply that the information is constituted in any form
Technology.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well, can pass through meter
Calculate fracture width variation, the influence of analysis construction parameter etc. factors fracture distortion variation, according to crack distort variation degree and
Transformation period, the specific aim for well Optimized fracturing design of improving the standard provide theoretical foundation for in-situ horizontal well Optimized fracturing design.
The method may include: according to formation parameter and construction parameter, establish multilayer anisotropically layer model；According to stream
Body percolation equationk, rock deformation equation, crack distortion criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, establish fluid structurecoupling numerical value side
Journey；According to the fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation, it is extended finite element numerical simulation in the multilayer anisotropically layer model,
Determine the distorted configurations at fractured horizontal well nearly each moment of pit shaft crack.
Preferably, the formation parameter includes: that initial in-site stress field, initial seepage field, initial porosity and fracture surface are filtered
Lose coefficient, stratification quantity and stratification thickness.
Preferably, the construction parameter includes construction fluid displacement and construction fluid viscosity.
Preferably, the rock deformation equation are as follows:
Wherein, σij,eFor the elastic stress of ij plane, σIj, e0For the initial elasticity stress of ij plane, εij,eFor ij plane
Elastic strain, ΔijIndicate the variable quantity in the previous parameter of ij plane, εkk,eFor the elastic strain perpendicular to K in-plane, G
For elastic shear modulus, K is bulk modulus of elasticity, and i, j represent i, j coordinate direction, and e indicates elasticity.
Preferably, the fluid neuron network equation are as follows:
Wherein, β and M is Biot coefficient, and k is rock permeability, and γ is pore-fluid specific gravity.
Preferably, according to the fracture surface liquid flow equation, crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate and crack bottom surface are obtained
Normal direction fluid loss rate, and then establish fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation.
Preferably, the fracture surface liquid flow equation are as follows:
Wherein, vtFor crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate, vbFor crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate, gfIt is crack away from q is
Unit slit width fracturing fluid fluid product.
Preferably, the crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate are as follows:
vt=lt(pf-pt) (9)
Wherein, vtFor crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate, ltFor leakoff coefficent, ptFor crack top surface pore fluid pressure, pf
For pressure break hydraulic coupling；
The crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate are as follows:
vb=lb(pf-pb) (10)
Wherein, vbFor crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate, lbFor leakoff coefficent, pbFor crack bottom surface pore fluid pressure, pf
For pressure break hydraulic coupling.
Preferably, distorting criterion according to the crack is that crack extends critical energy release rate criterion.
Preferably, the crack extends critical energy release rate criterion are as follows:
Wherein, GS=Gs+Gt, GT=Gn+GS,For normal direction fracture-critical strain energy rate；It is tangential disconnected for two
Critical energy release rate is split, B-K criterion thinksη is constant related with material self character；GCIt is split to be compound
Stitch Critical fracture energy release rate.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the formation of the nearly near wellbore fracture spaces warp surface of analysis level well pressure break
Journey, the extension of real-time display different time sections crack, distorted configurations, quantization crack distort to form the time, calculate fracture width variation,
The influence for analyzing the distortion variation of the factors fractures such as construction parameter distorts variation degree and transformation period according to crack, improves water
The specific aim of horizontal well Optimized fracturing design provides theoretical foundation for in-situ horizontal well Optimized fracturing design.
The present invention has other characteristics and advantages, these characteristics and advantages are from the attached drawing and subsequent tool being incorporated herein
It will be apparent, or will be carried out in body embodiment in the drawings and the subsequent detailed description incorporated herein
Statement in detail, the drawings and the detailed description together serve to explain specific principles of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Exemplary embodiment of the present is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of the invention is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, identical reference label is usual
Represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the step of fractured horizontal well according to the present invention nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation
Flow chart.
Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b respectively illustrate the nearly pit shaft crack of fractured horizontal well according to an embodiment of the invention and distort
The schematic diagram of horizontal wellbore and initial longitudinal crack in initial model.
Fig. 3 shows crack according to an embodiment of the invention and distorts the simulation drawing initially formed.
Fig. 4 shows crack according to an embodiment of the invention and distorts the simulation drawing formed completely.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the preferred embodiment of the present invention in attached drawing,
However, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.On the contrary, providing
These embodiments are of the invention more thorough and complete in order to make, and can will fully convey the scope of the invention to ability
The technical staff in domain.
Fig. 1 shows the step of fractured horizontal well according to the present invention nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation
Flow chart.
In this embodiment, the nearly pit shaft crack distortion analogy method of fractured horizontal well according to the present invention may include: step
Rapid 101, according to formation parameter and construction parameter, establish multilayer anisotropically layer model；Step 102, according to fluid neuron network equation,
Rock deformation equation, crack distortion criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, establish fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation；Step 103, root
According to fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation, it is extended finite element numerical simulation in multilayer anisotropically layer model, determines horizontal well pressure
Split the distorted configurations at each moment of nearly pit shaft crack.
In one example, formation parameter includes: initial in-site stress field, initial seepage field, initial porosity and fracture surface
Leakoff coefficent, stratification quantity and stratification thickness.
In one example, construction parameter includes construction fluid displacement and construction fluid viscosity.
In one example, rock deformation equation are as follows:
Wherein, σij,eFor the elastic stress of ij plane, σij,e0For the initial elasticity stress of ij plane, εij,eFor ij plane
Elastic strain, ΔijIndicate the variable quantity in the previous parameter of ij plane, εkk,eFor the elastic strain perpendicular to K in-plane, G
For elastic shear modulus, K is bulk modulus of elasticity, and i, j represent i, j coordinate direction, and e indicates elasticity.
In one example, fluid neuron network equation are as follows:
Wherein, β and M is Biot coefficient, and k is rock permeability, and γ is pore-fluid specific gravity.
In one example, according to fracture surface liquid flow equation, crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate and crack bottom are obtained
Face normal direction fluid loss rate, and then establish fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation.
In one example, fracture surface liquid flow equation are as follows:
Wherein, vtFor crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate, vbFor crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate, gfIt is crack away from q is
Unit slit width fracturing fluid fluid product.
In one example, crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate are as follows:
vt=lt(pf-pt) (9)
Wherein, vtFor crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate, ltFor leakoff coefficent, ptFor crack top surface pore fluid pressure, pf
For pressure break hydraulic coupling；
Crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate are as follows:
vb=lb(pf-pb) (10)
Wherein, vbFor crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate, lbFor leakoff coefficent, pbFor crack bottom surface pore fluid pressure, pf
For pressure break hydraulic coupling.
In one example, distortion criterion in crack is that crack extends critical energy release rate criterion.
In one example, crack extends critical energy release rate criterion are as follows:
Wherein, GS=Gs+Gt, GT=Gn+GS,For normal direction fracture-critical strain energy rate；It is tangential disconnected for two
Critical energy release rate is split, B-K criterion thinksη is constant related with material self character；GCIt is split to be compound
Stitch Critical fracture energy release rate.
Specifically, according to formation parameter and construction parameter, shale formation model is established, wherein formation parameter includes initial
Stress field, initial seepage field, initial porosity and fracture surface leakoff coefficent, stratification quantity and stratification thickness, wherein construction ginseng
Number includes construction fluid displacement and construction fluid viscosity.Building one is embedded with the poroelasticity stratum geometry mould of horizontal wellbore
Type goes out longitudinal crack from horizontal wellbore crack initiation.After initialization, crack can be extended in any position in model domain.Model is enough
Greatly, boundary effect can be reduced to the maximum extent.Model long 250m, wide 180m, high 60m, reservoir thickness 25m.
Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b respectively illustrate the nearly pit shaft crack of fractured horizontal well according to an embodiment of the invention and distort
The schematic diagram of horizontal wellbore and initial longitudinal crack in initial model.
Simulated formation is combined with the pore-fluid of linear coupling diffusion/stress element, and is enriched one for XFEM model
Group continuous media, crack conversion will likely occur in simulation process.To improve modeling accuracy, to cell near horizontal wellbore
It is encrypted.3-D geometric model is as shown in Figure 2.In simulation process, fracturing fluid is Newtonian fluid, is accounted for for viscosity/storage leading
Propagation medium.Assuming that initial pore media saturation stress and pore fluid pressure.Displacement is hung down with all boundaries and symmetrical surface
Directly, it and limits and moves in inner corners dummy node.Pore fluid pressure is consistent inside model boundary and pore media.With perseverance
Constant speed rate injects fracturing fluid, enters fracturing fluid stream in already present longitudinal crack, reaches at enriched element puppet boundary node, into
One step solves fracturing fluid flow equation.
According to fluid neuron network equation, rock deformation equation, crack distortion criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, stream is established
Gu Coupled Numerical equation.
(1) rock deformation
Assuming that porous rocks are homogeneous, isotropism poroelasticity material, carry out quasi-static pressure break, under low-stress
Initial constitutive equation may be expressed as:
In formula, σijFor the stress of ij plane, σij,0For the primary stress of ij plane, εijFor the strain of ij plane, εkkIt is vertical
It is directly strained in K in-plane, p is pore pressure, p0For initial pore pressure, β is Biot coefficient.For being saturated porous Jie entirely
Matter, Terzaghi effective stress may be expressed as:
σij,e=σij+pΔij(2),
Effective strain may be expressed as:
Wherein, α is Biot coefficient, and therefore, constitutive equation can be reduced to formula (4), as rock deformation equation.
(2) pore fluid flow
Small size is strained, pore-fluid continuity equation may be expressed as:
Wherein, vkkFor fluid neuron network rate, β and M are Biot coefficient.According to Darcy's law, fluid passes through interconnected
When pore network, seepage flow speed vkIt may be expressed as:
Wherein, k is rock permeability, and μ is pore-fluid viscosity, and γ is pore-fluid specific gravity, p'kFor k plane Pore Pressure
Power tensor.Thus obtain hole diffusion equation be fluid neuron network equation be formula (7).
(3) fracturing fluid flows
According to Reynolds lubrication theory, fracture surface liquid flow equation is that fracturing fluid continuity equation is represented by crack
(8), according to fracture surface liquid flow equation, crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate and crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate are obtained, point
Not Wei formula (9) and formula (10), pt、pbWith pfBetween pressure difference lead to fracturing fluid leak.
(4) fracture initiation and extension
It is fracture initiation and growth criterion that crack, which distorts criterion, that is, the maximum tension effective stress acted on fracture surface is big
When the tensile strength of rock, rock crack initiation, propagation direction therewith is along current biggest principal stress direction.Using compound
Crack extends B-K criterion, i.e. crack extension critical energy release rate criterion is formula (11).
Fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation i.e. include above-mentioned formula (4), formula (7), formula (8), formula (9), formula (10) with
Formula (11) is extended finite element numerical simulation, really according to fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation in multilayer anisotropically layer model
Determine the distorted configurations at fractured horizontal well nearly each moment of pit shaft crack.The law of segregation is drawn according to linear softening viscosity, will be pressed
The gradually forfeiture that process simulation is intensity in zero thickness interface is split, direction and range be not pre-defined, was simulating
It is calculated automatically in journey.In the traction law of segregation, cohesion ENERGY E is equal to the product of linear softening area and cohesive strength.Crack
Before unlatching, cohesion energy and initial stiffness are in a linear relationship.It opens from crack to extension, boundary strength is from I0It is reduced to 0, interface is certainly
By opening, crack is away from for gf0.If the unloading before complete destroy, with the decline of damage rigidity Mp, under interface traction is linear
Drop.Due to, simultaneously by tension and shearing force, being damaged using a kind of mixed mode based on energy during hydraulic fracture distortion
Evolution law studies fracture propagation process, the i.e. crack B-K criterion, fractured horizontal well crack Twisting model is established, according to setting
Governing equation, initial and boundary condition, operation calculate finite element numerical program and progressively reach and split with the continuous injection of fluid
Crack initiation and expansion condition are stitched, at this moment, point rupture at the multiple and different positions of rock near horizontal well will form multiple branches' seam crack initiations
With crack arrest, their turning radius and direction are different, and major fracture is caused to distort, and transverse crack gradually forms, this process can root
It is presented in real time in software calculating instrument according to the difference of time.
The present invention is by calculating fracture width variation, the influence of the factors fracture distortion variation such as analysis construction parameter, root
Variation degree and transformation period are distorted according to crack, the specific aim for well Optimized fracturing design of improving the standard is in-situ horizontal well pressure break
Optimization design provides theoretical foundation.
Using example
A concrete application example is given below in the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention for ease of understanding.This field
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
The nearly pit shaft crack twisted phenomena of XX block fractured horizontal well has to be evaluated, reservoir and boundary pore bullet in simulation process
Property performance parameter is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Initially, boundary condition parameter is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| Primary condition | Reservoir | Boundary layer |
| Initial maximum horizontal principal stress (MPa) | 35 | 38 |
| Initial minimum horizontal principal stress (MPa) | 25 | 28 |
| The initial saturation degree of pore-fluid | 1 | 1 |
| Pore-fluid initial pressure (MPa) | 20 | 20 |
Fig. 3 shows crack according to an embodiment of the invention and distorts the simulation drawing initially formed.
Fig. 4 shows crack according to an embodiment of the invention and distorts the simulation drawing formed completely.
It is simulated using the present invention, analog result is shown, in horizontal well longitudinal crack expansion process, with different location
Place's point rupture, will form multiple branch's seam crack initiations and crack arrest, their turning radius and direction are different, and major fracture is caused to distort,
Transverse crack gradually forms, and the breakdown point at different location, the branch's seam that are constantly formed cause stress the fluctuation of curve, and crack is expanded
Exhibition pressure increases with the increase of discharge capacity and viscosity；It is stitching at high different location, because distortion forms the alternating variation of slit width, is splitting
The button song time started is 60s-90s, is about as shown in figure 3, the nearly pit shaft longitudinal crack of horizontal well is changed into the laterally seam time
240s, as shown in Figure 4；In the forming process of crack distortion, fracture width degree of fluctuation is larger, and average 0.5mm increases construction
Frictional resistance；It reduces viscosity and discharge capacity is conducive to the formation laterally stitched, according to distortion time of origin, can adjust slug concentration and quantity.
In conclusion the present invention is by calculating fracture width variation, the factors fracture distortion variation such as analysis construction parameter
Influence, variation degree and transformation period, the specific aim for well Optimized fracturing design of improving the standard, for live water are distorted according to crack
Horizontal well Optimized fracturing design provides theoretical foundation.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above to the purpose of the description of the embodiment of the present invention only for illustratively saying
The beneficial effect of bright the embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to given any example.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes are obvious for the those of ordinary skill in art field.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well, comprising:
According to formation parameter and construction parameter, multilayer anisotropically layer model is established；
According to fluid neuron network equation, rock deformation equation, crack distortion criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, establishes and flow solid coupling
Close numerical value equation；
According to the fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation, finite element numerical mould is extended in the multilayer anisotropically layer model
It is quasi-, determine the distorted configurations at fractured horizontal well nearly each moment of pit shaft crack.
2. the nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein describedly
Layer parameter includes: initial in-site stress field, initial seepage field, initial porosity and fracture surface leakoff coefficent, stratification quantity and stratification
Thickness.
3. the nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein described to apply
Work parameter includes construction fluid displacement and construction fluid viscosity.
4. the nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein the rock
Stone deformation equation are as follows:
Wherein, σij,eFor the elastic stress of ij plane, σij,e0For the initial elasticity stress of ij plane, εij,eFor the elasticity of ij plane
Strain, ΔijIndicate the variable quantity in the previous parameter of ij plane, εkk,eFor the elastic strain perpendicular to K in-plane, G is bullet
Property modulus of shearing, K is bulk modulus of elasticity, and i, j represent i, j coordinate direction, and e indicates elasticity.
5. the nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein the stream
Body percolation equationk are as follows:
Wherein, β and M is Biot coefficient, and k is rock permeability, and γ is pore-fluid specific gravity, p'kkFor the hole perpendicular to K plane
Pressure tensor, p' are pore pressure tensor, ε 'kkFor perpendicular to K in-plane strain tensor.
6. the nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein according to institute
Fracture surface liquid flow equation is stated, obtains crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate and crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate, and then establish
Fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation.
7. the nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well according to claim 6, wherein described to split
Stitch surface current liquid flow equation are as follows:
Wherein, vtFor crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate, vbFor crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate, gfIt is crack away from q is unit
Slit width fracturing fluid fluid product.
8. the nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well according to claim 6, wherein described to split
Stitch top surface normal direction fluid loss rate are as follows:
vt=lt(pf-pt) (9)
Wherein, vtFor crack top surface normal direction fluid loss rate, ltFor leakoff coefficent, ptFor crack top surface pore fluid pressure, pfFor pressure
Split hydraulic coupling；
The crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate are as follows:
vb=lb(pf-pb) (10)
Wherein, vbFor crack bottom surface normal direction fluid loss rate, lbFor leakoff coefficent, pbFor crack bottom surface pore fluid pressure, pfFor pressure
Split hydraulic coupling.
9. the nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein described to split
Button song criterion is that crack extends critical energy release rate criterion.
10. the nearly pit shaft crack distorted configurations method for numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well according to claim 9, wherein described
Crack extends critical energy release rate criterion are as follows:
Wherein, GS=Gs+Gt, GT=Gn+GS,For normal direction fracture-critical strain energy rate；Face for two tangential fractures
Boundary's energy release rate, B-K criterion thinkη is constant related with material self character；GCFace for mixed mode
Boundary's energy release rate rate.
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| CN110826250A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-21 | 成都北方石油勘探开发技术有限公司 | Drilling fluid damage calculation method for horizontal well |
| CN111398095A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Detection and evaluation method for fluid loss characteristics of fracturing fluid |
| CN111980697A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-11-24 | 西南石油大学 | Method for calculating well casing variable of hydraulic fracturing horizontal well in natural fractured shale stratum |
| CN112084637A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-15 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Automatic search method, device and equipment for fracturing high-dimensional parameters |
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