CN101329583A - PSD-based fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device and its tracking method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-automatic high-precision sun tracking device based on PSD, which includes a sun position sensor based on PSD, a calendar chip DS1302, a signal acquisition and processing circuit, a single-chip microcomputer control system, a tracking mechanism and a tracking calibration pole. The sun position sensor includes a sensor base (1), a cover with a small hole for sunlight incident (6), a shading bucket (5), a PSD (4), a PSD base (3), and can automatically adjust the light intensity irradiated on the PSD The light intensity automatic adjustment device and the hemispherical optical path protection cover (2) for blocking dust and rain; the cover (6) is installed on the light-shielding bucket (5) through four screws, and the diameter of the four screw installation holes on the cover (6) Larger than the screw diameter, the PSD (4) is installed on the PSD base (3), and the PSD base (3) is connected with the light-shielding bucket (3) through the internal thread of the light-shielding bucket. Through the above structural design, the precision of the sun tracking device is improved, and the cost is low at the same time.

Description

PSD-based fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device and its tracking method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of solar energy. More precisely, the invention relates to a PSD-based fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device and a tracking method thereof, which can be used for efficient collection and utilization of solar energy.

Background technique

Solar energy is inexhaustible, although it only reaches the surface of the earth with one billionth of its energy, it is more than the energy stored in the earth's energy. Since the sunlight radiated to the ground is affected by natural conditions such as climate and latitude, the current utilization efficiency of solar energy is not high. To obtain higher power per unit area, it is necessary to use the technology of tracking and aligning with the sun. At present, there are many sun trackers at home and abroad with high precision, but they are often not generally accepted in terms of price, especially for sun sensors used on micro-satellites. Although these products can meet the requirements in terms of accuracy, the price It is extremely high, and it is difficult to promote it on a large scale in the market. In addition, some four-quadrant detectors or solar cells are used to detect the position and can meet the requirements of some occasions to a certain extent, but the accuracy is not high.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-cost fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device based on PSD (photoelectric position detector).

The present invention is achieved by taking the following technical solutions:

A fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device based on DSP, including a sun position sensor based on PSD, a calendar chip, a signal acquisition and processing circuit, a control system, a tracking mechanism and a tracking calibration pole, and it is characterized in that the sun position sensor based on PSD includes Sensor base, cover with sunlight incident hole, shading barrel, PSD, PSD base, light intensity automatic adjustment device that can automatically adjust the light intensity irradiated on PSD and hemispherical optical path protection cover that blocks dust and rain; the cover passes through Four screws are installed on the shading barrel, and the diameter of the four screw mounting holes on the cover is larger than the screw diameter, so that the incident hole of the cover can be adjusted to the center of the PSD; the PSD is installed on the PSD base, and the PSD base passes through the shading barrel The internal thread is connected with the light-shielding barrel. According to the tracking accuracy requirements, the distance from the small hole on the light-shielding barrel to the surface of the PSD photoelectric position detector can be adjusted through this thread connection; the inner wall of the light-shielding barrel and the cover is covered with a layer of light-absorbing material to prevent incident The error is caused by light reflection inside; the automatic light intensity adjustment device is installed on the cover; the hemispherical optical path protective cover covers the entire sun position sensor; the calendar chip adopts DS1302 with its own power supply, and it can continue to work after the system is powered off, ensuring The calendar and time are accurate; the tracking calibration pole and sun position sensor are mounted on a high flat plate which in turn mounts to the tracking mechanism.

The aforementioned DSP-based fully automatic and high-precision sun tracking device is characterized in that the light intensity automatic adjustment device includes a condenser lens, a series of aperture discs with small to large diameter apertures, an aperture rotary drive motor, and a condenser lens. The optical lens can increase the light intensity of the incident sunlight to realize tracking the sun under low light intensity, and the aperture disk with light-transmitting holes can protect the PSD photoelectric position detector so that it can work within the normal light intensity range.

The aforementioned DSP-based fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device is characterized in that the light path protective cover that blocks dust and rain adopts a hemispherical structure made of glass or plastic materials with high light transmittance, and this shape structure can withstand rain and wind. Under the action of self-cleaning the dust on its surface.

The aforementioned DSP-based fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device is characterized in that the tracking calibration pole is an alloy pole with high verticality, high straightness and minimal deformation. When the tracker is automatically aligned with the sun, the sun will pass through the pole The light shadow is used to calibrate the relationship between the sunlight incident aperture of the PSD-based sun position sensor of the tracking device and the PSD center position until the pole sun shadow length is less than the error length.

The tracking method of the aforementioned DSP-based fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device is characterized in that the tracking sun step is as follows:

(1) After starting up, the control system judges whether it is in the normal working hours through the calendar chip DS1302 (set the normal working hours as 6:00-18:00), if it is not in the normal working hours, the tracking program will not be started;

(2) If the position is initialized during normal working hours, that is, the tracking mechanism is controlled to the reference position, and the sun azimuth angle is -90°, and the altitude angle is 0° as the reference;

(3) Calculate the solar altitude and azimuth at the current moment according to the calendar, start the calendar inquiry control tracking mechanism to the current altitude and azimuth (that is, calendar tracking), and detect the position on the PSD photoelectric position detector through the A/D converter Light intensity, if the light intensity meets the normal working range of the PSD photoelectric position detector, the photoelectric automatic tracking will be started, that is, according to the sun position information output by the PSD-based sun position sensor, that is, the voltage signal, when the light point is exactly at the center of the PSD, When the voltage is 0, the control system controls the tracking mechanism to rotate toward the position where the voltage tends to 0 until the voltage signal output by the sensor meets the control accuracy requirements;

(4) If the light intensity on the PSD photoelectric position detector exceeds the light intensity that the position detector can withstand, control the diaphragm to rotate the drive motor to rotate in the direction of the small-diameter light-transmitting hole until the light intensity of the PSD photoelectric position detector is within up to the normal working range;

(5) If the light intensity on the PSD photoelectric position detector is lower than the light intensity that it can work normally, control the diaphragm rotation drive motor to rotate in the direction of the large-diameter light-transmitting hole until the light intensity of the PSD photoelectric position detector is at Up to the normal working range, if the required normal working light intensity is not reached after one rotation, stop the aperture disk at the position of the maximum transmitted light intensity, and at the same time, the control system switches the tracking to calendar tracking;

(6) When the detected calendar time exceeds the normal working time, stop tracking, and control the tracking mechanism to return to the initial position.

The working principle of the present invention is: this high-precision photoelectric position detector of PSD is installed in the light-shielding barrel with the sunlight incident aperture above, can detect the position angle of the sun under sunlight like this, because the PSD Area A has a detection accuracy of 6μm, and since the distance from the incident pinhole to PSD is adjustable, here it is set to 34mm, then the trigonometric function shows that the detection accuracy of the sun’s azimuth can reach 0.01°, combined with the law of the sun’s movement Calendar tracking can realize sun tracking in various weathers, and in addition, the cost is much lower than the current high-precision sun tracker.

The beneficial effect of the patent of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of the sun tracker and reduce the production cost;

At the same time, it solves the problem that the sunlight is too strong to damage the PSD in the PSD-based sun tracker and the problem that the sunlight is too weak cannot be tracked photoelectrically;

In addition, the position of the cover of the present invention can be fine-tuned to achieve alignment between the incident small hole and the center of the PSD, and the PSD base can also realize the adjustment of the distance between the small hole and the PSD through screw connection, which improves the alignment accuracy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the sun position sensor based on PSD;

Figure 2 is a tracking flow chart of a fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device based on PSD.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the patent of the present invention is further described.

The sun position sensor based on PSD as shown in Figure 1 includes: sensor base 1, hemispherical optical path protection cover 2, PSD base 3, PSD 4 shading bucket 5, cover 6 aperture disc 7, aperture rotation drive motor 8, The light transmission hole 9 on the diaphragm disk, the sun incident small hole 10 on the cover, and the condenser lens 11.

As shown in Figure 2, the tracking flow chart of the PSD-based fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device.

The sun is imaged on the PSD 4 through the sun incident aperture 10 and the condenser lens 11 on the hemispherical optical path protection cover 2, the aperture disc 7, the cover.

After starting up, the single-chip microcomputer control system judges whether it is in the normal working hours through the calendar chip DS1302 (set the normal working hours as 6:00-18:00), if it is not in the normal working hours, the tracking program will not be started;

If the position is initialized during normal working hours, that is, the tracking mechanism is controlled to the reference position, and the sun azimuth angle is -90°, and the altitude angle is 0° as the reference;

Calculate the solar altitude and azimuth at the current moment according to the calendar, start the calendar inquiry control tracking mechanism to the current altitude and azimuth (i.e. calendar tracking), detect the light intensity on the PSD photoelectric position detector 4 by the A/D converter Size, if the light intensity meets the normal working range of PSD photoelectric position detector 4, then start photoelectric automatic tracking, that is, according to the sun position information output by the sun position sensor based on PSD 4, that is, the voltage signal, when the light point is exactly at the center of PSD 4 , the voltage is 0, the control system controls the tracking mechanism to rotate toward the position where the voltage tends to 0, until the voltage signal output by the sensor meets the control accuracy requirements;

If the light intensity on the PSD photoelectric position detector 4 exceeds the light intensity that the photoelectric position detector can bear, the control aperture rotation drive motor rotates to the direction of the small-diameter light-transmitting hole until the light intensity of the PSD photoelectric position detector 4 is within up to the normal working range;

If the light intensity on the PSD photoelectric position detector 4 is lower than the light intensity that it can work normally, control the diaphragm rotation drive motor 8 to rotate to the direction of the large-diameter light-transmitting hole 9 until the light intensity of the PSD photoelectric position detector 4 Up to the normal working range, if the required normal working light intensity is not reached after one rotation, stop the aperture disc 7 at the position of the maximum transmitted light intensity, and at the same time, the control system switches the tracking to calendar tracking;

When the detected calendar time exceeds the normal working hours, the tracking is stopped, and the tracking mechanism is controlled to return to the initial position.

Experiments show that the PSD-based fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device can track the sun in various weather conditions. It can be seen from the tracking calibration pole that the tracking accuracy can reach 0.01°.

Except for the above-mentioned embodiments, all technical solutions obtained in the form of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a full-automatic high-precision sun tracking device based on DSP, comprising a sun position sensor based on PSD, calendar chip DS1302, signal acquisition and processing circuit, single-chip microcomputer control system, tracking mechanism and tracking calibration pole, it is characterized in that: The PSD-based sun position sensor includes a sensor base (1), a cover with a small hole for sunlight incident (6), a shading barrel (5), a PSD (4), and a PSD base (3), which can automatically adjust the irradiation to the PSD The light intensity automatic adjustment device and the hemispherical optical path protection cover (2) for blocking dust and rain; the cover (6) is installed on the light-shielding bucket (5) by four screws, and the four screws on the cover (6) are installed The diameter of the hole is larger than the diameter of the screw, so that the adjustment of the center alignment between the small sun incident hole (10) of the cover and the PSD (4) can be realized; the PSD (4) is installed on the PSD base (3), and the PSD base (3) passes through the shading barrel The internal thread is connected with the light-shielding barrel (3). According to the requirements of tracking accuracy, the distance between the small hole on the light-shielding barrel and the surface of the PSD photoelectric position detector can be adjusted through this thread connection; the automatic light intensity adjustment device is installed on the cover; the optical path The protective cover (2) covers the whole sun position sensor; the tracking alignment pole and the sun position sensor are all installed on a flat plate with high flatness, and this plate is installed on the tracking mechanism again. 2. The fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device based on PSD according to claim 1, characterized in that: said light intensity automatic adjustment device includes a condenser lens (11), with a series of diameters from small to large light-transmitting The aperture disk (7) and the aperture rotation drive motor (8) of the hole (9), the condenser lens (11) can increase the light intensity of the incident sunlight, and realize tracking the sun under a lower light intensity, with a light-transmitting hole ( 9) The aperture disc (7) can protect the PSD so that it can work in the normal light intensity range. 3. The fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device based on DSP according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light path protective cover (2) for blocking dust and rain is made of glass or plastic material with higher light transmittance. into a hemispherical structure. 4. The fully automatic high-precision sun tracking device based on DSP according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tracking calibration pole is an alloy pole with high verticality, high straightness and minimal deformation. When automatically aligning the sun, calibrate the relationship between the sunlight incident aperture and the PSD center position of the PSD-based sun position sensor of the tracking device through the solar shadow of the vertical pole until the length of the solar shadow of the vertical pole is less than the error length. 5. the tracking method of the full-automatic high-precision sun tracking device based on DSP according to claim 1, is characterized in that: its tracking sun step is (1) After starting up, first judge whether it is in the normal working hours through the calendar chip DS1302, and the normal working hours can be set as 6:00~18:00, if it is not in the normal working hours, the tracking program will not be started; (2) If the position is initialized during normal working hours, that is, the tracking mechanism is controlled to the reference position, and the sun azimuth angle is -90°, and the altitude angle is 0° as the reference; (3) Calculate the solar altitude and azimuth at the current moment according to the calendar, start the calendar inquiry control tracking mechanism to the current altitude and azimuth, that is, calendar tracking, and detect the light on the PSD photoelectric position detector through the A/D converter Intensity, if the light intensity meets the normal working range of the PSD photoelectric position detector, the photoelectric automatic tracking will be started, that is, according to the sun position information output by the PSD-based sun position sensor, that is, the voltage signal, when the light point is exactly at the center of the PSD, the voltage is 0, the control system controls the tracking mechanism to rotate toward the position where the voltage tends to 0, until the voltage signal output by the sensor meets the control accuracy requirements; (4) If the light intensity on the PSD photoelectric position detector exceeds the light intensity that the position detector can withstand, control the diaphragm rotation drive motor (8) to rotate in the direction of the small-diameter light-transmitting hole (9) until the PSD photoelectric position The light intensity of the detector is within the normal working range; (5) If the light intensity on the PSD photoelectric position detector is lower than the light intensity that it can work normally, control the diaphragm rotation drive motor to rotate in the direction of the large-diameter light-transmitting hole until the light intensity of the PSD photoelectric position detector is at Up to the normal working range, if the required normal working light intensity is not reached after one rotation, stop the aperture disk at the position of the maximum transmitted light intensity, and at the same time, the control system switches the tracking to calendar tracking; (6) When the detected calendar time exceeds the normal working time, stop tracking, and control the tracking mechanism to return to the initial position.

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