CN104331089A - Household photovoltaic cell automatic tracking system and method based on image analysis - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is an automatic tracking system and method for household photovoltaic cells based on image analysis. The system includes a base plate, a shading plate arranged above the base plate, an image acquisition device, an image analysis device, and a photovoltaic panel, wherein the shading plate, the sunlight irradiates on the shading plate to form a shadow image on the bottom plate; the image acquisition device collects the shadow image, and outputs the shadow image to the image analysis device; the image analysis device , analyzing and processing the shadow image to obtain the elevation angle and azimuth of the sun, and adjusting and controlling the rotation position of the photovoltaic panel based on the elevation angle and azimuth.

Description

Household Photovoltaic Battery Automatic Tracking System and Method Based on Image Analysis

technical field

The invention relates to an automatic tracking system and method for household photovoltaic cells based on image analysis.

Background technique

In recent years, with the development of social low-carbon economy, the social demand for renewable energy power generation is on the rise. Photovoltaic power generation has the characteristics of clean, renewable, inexhaustible, stable and reliable, and its development has received more and more attention.

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of photovoltaic cells, how to improve the absorption efficiency of sunlight has become a technical focus. As the sunlight changes with time, the angle of the incident light is different, which in turn causes the irradiance of the sunlight incident on the photovoltaic plate to be different. As we all know, under the same conditions, the irradiance absorbed by the plates can be maximized only when the sun's rays are irradiated vertically on the photovoltaic modules. Most of the photovoltaic modules currently used are fixed installations, which cannot absorb solar energy to the greatest extent. Designing an automatic tracking device that changes the rotation direction of photovoltaic modules according to changes in the incident angle of sunlight is an important technical means to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Therefore, how to determine the incident direction of the light and then adjust the rotation angle of the photovoltaic module becomes the first problem to be solved.

There are two existing photovoltaic module automatic tracking systems, one is the clock tracking method, and the other is the sensor tracking method. The clock tracking method and the sensor tracking method are position control systems based on the change of the position given value with time or the change of the light angle. The clock tracking method is to calculate the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun according to the time of the geographical location of the photovoltaic power generation system, so as to determine the direction and distance that the drive system should move from the current position. The sensor tracking method is to send the analog signals generated by the photosensitive elements at different positions under the sunlight after conditioning and send them into the control to convert them into digital quantities. Through comparison, analysis and decision-making, the action of the driving mechanism is controlled to keep the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell in line with the incident sunlight. vertical. The clock tracking method must have an accurate clock signal; the sensor tracking method mainly uses photoresistors, photocells or phototransistors.

Existing clock tracking methods must rely on precise clock signals as control signals, which are prone to cumulative errors; existing sensor tracking methods mostly use photosensitive resistors, photocells, and phototransistors as photosensitive sensors, which require photosensitive elements to be connected to amplification and modulation devices. Moreover, after the amplification and modulation device needs to be connected to the controller for regulation and control, the production structure is relatively complicated, and the area of the photosensitive element reflecting the light is small, which is easily disturbed and causes errors. Moreover, this method can only calculate the approximate orientation of the sun, not the exact angle.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system based on image analysis with low energy consumption and high precision.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is based on an image analysis household photovoltaic cell automatic tracking system, the system includes a base plate, a shading plate arranged above the base plate, an image acquisition device, an image analysis device and a photovoltaic panel, wherein,

As for the shading plate, the sun shines on the shading plate to form a shadow image on the bottom plate;

The image acquisition device collects the shadow image, and outputs the shadow image to the image analysis device;

The image analysis device analyzes and processes the shadow image to obtain the elevation angle and azimuth of the sun, and adjusts and controls the rotation position of the photovoltaic panel based on the elevation angle and azimuth.

Further, a column is further included, the column is connected to the base plate, and the column is used to support the sunshade.

Further, the sun visor is a rectangular plate.

Further, a square area is provided on the bottom plate.

Further, the image acquisition device is a video camera.

Further, the image analysis device includes at least an image processing unit and an image analysis unit, wherein the image processing unit performs a sharpening process on the shadow image, and the image analysis unit analyzes the position, size and shape of the shadow image to calculate the sun orientation.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is based on an image analysis household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system, the method includes, by analyzing and processing the shadow image formed by the sun shining on the sun visor, obtaining the specific orientation of the sun, and controlling the rotation position of the photovoltaic panel .

Further, the method specifically includes:

Collect the shadow image formed by the sun shining on the sun visor;

Binarizing the shadow image to obtain a binary image. According to the binary image reflecting the shaded part of the visor, the orientation of the sunlight can be judged by calculating the center of gravity of the shaded part;

Accurately calculate the angle of the sun by calculating the area and edge shape of the shadow part;

The rotation of the photovoltaic panels is controlled based on the orientation of the sun.

Beneficial effect:

The invention adopts the sunlight position detection system based on image analysis, obtains the image information of the shutter through the camera, and calculates the elevation angle and azimuth angle of the sun through the analysis of the acquired image, and determines the position where the photovoltaic cell should rotate.

The invention further improves the accuracy without lowering the accuracy, greatly reduces the cost, simplifies the structure, and simplifies the manufacture of the whole set of devices. The solar position detection system based on image analysis is used to obtain the image information of the shutter through the camera, which can be installed on the photovoltaic module alone, or can be made into an integrated structure with the existing image monitoring system. In terms of energy consumption, only a small power supply needs to be provided, and the energy consumption of the tracking device is far less than the increased power through the device.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the household photovoltaic cell automatic tracking system based on image analysis of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the front view of the household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system based on image analysis of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 2 of the household photovoltaic cell automatic tracking system based on image analysis of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a top view of Fig. 2 of the household photovoltaic cell automatic tracking system based on image analysis of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the household photovoltaic cell automatic tracking system based on image analysis of the present invention includes a base plate 1, a shading plate 3 arranged above the base plate, an image acquisition device 4, an image analysis device and a photovoltaic cell The board also includes uprights 2, the uprights are connected to the base plate, and the uprights are used to support the sunshade.

As for the shading plate, the sun shines on the shading plate to form a shadow image on the bottom plate;

The image acquisition device collects the shadow image, and outputs the shadow image to the image analysis device;

The image analysis device analyzes and processes the shadow image to obtain the elevation angle and azimuth of the sun, and adjusts and controls the rotation position of the photovoltaic panel based on the elevation angle and azimuth.

Further, in order to analyze and process the shadow image conveniently, the sun visor is a rectangular plate. Further, a square area is provided on the bottom plate. Further, the image acquisition device is a video camera.

The working process of the household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system based on image analysis of the present invention is:

When light shines on the device, the shading plate 3 will form a shadow on the bottom plate 1, and the position and size of this shadow depends on the position of the sun. As the incident light changes, the positions, sizes and shapes of the shadows formed on the base plate are different, corresponding to covering different grid areas on the base plate.

The camera captures image information containing shadows. According to which squares are covered by shadows and the size and shape information of shadows, by analyzing the characteristics of the captured images, the direction of incident light can be determined and the rotation direction of photovoltaic plates can be controlled.

The process of image analysis: After the camera obtains the image containing sunlight and shadows, it undergoes binarization processing to obtain a binary image. According to the binary image reflecting the shaded part of the visor, the approximate orientation of the sun can be judged by calculating the center of gravity of the shaded part; the angle of the sun can be accurately calculated by calculating the area and edge shape of the shaded part.

System installation location: This device can be installed on a single photovoltaic module, and a small camera needs to be installed on the photovoltaic module; it can also be integrated with the existing video monitoring system, and the used video monitoring system can be used to obtain and install on a separate bracket ( The image information of the visor device on the area close to the camera position can complete daylight tracking without increasing the cost.

The design purpose of the automatic tracking system is to control the orientation of the solar panel, so that the solar panel can track the sun, and keep it perpendicular to the incident sunlight as much as possible during the illumination time, thereby reducing the impact of the incident angle on the irradiance, and greatly improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation . When other conditions remain the same, keep the panel perpendicular to the incident light, and the irradiance will be maximized.

In terms of production cost: Since the camera is currently very cheap, and can be combined with the existing video surveillance system, automatic tracking of the sun can be realized on the basis of not adding image acquisition equipment.

In terms of energy consumption: the operation of this device only needs to provide a small power supply, and the energy consumption of its tracking device is far less than the increased power through the device.

Compared with the clock control method that has been used, this method can avoid the strict dependence of the clock control method on time and avoid the accumulation of errors; compared with the existing sensor control methods such as photoresistors, the system can The image information of the shaded part improves the anti-interference, and can calculate the azimuth of the sun more accurately.

The photovoltaic component automatic tracking system based on image analysis of the present invention can improve the detection accuracy of the sun position. Combining with the existing video monitoring system has the effect of low cost and high precision.

It should be understood for the present invention that the above-mentioned embodiments have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in further detail. The above are only embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., should be included in the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope defined in the claims.

Claims (8)

1. An automatic tracking system for household photovoltaic cells based on image analysis, characterized in that: the system includes a base plate, a shading plate arranged above the base plate, an image acquisition device, an image analysis device and a photovoltaic panel, wherein, As for the shading plate, the sun shines on the shading plate to form a shadow image on the bottom plate; The image acquisition device collects the shadow image, and outputs the shadow image to the image analysis device; The image analysis device analyzes and processes the shadow image to obtain the elevation angle and azimuth of the sun, and adjusts and controls the rotation position of the photovoltaic panel based on the elevation angle and azimuth. 2 . The household photovoltaic cell automatic tracking system based on image analysis according to claim 1 , further comprising a column connected to the base plate, and the column is used to support the sun visor. 3 . 3. The household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system based on image analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sun visor is a rectangular plate. 4. The household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system based on image analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base plate is provided with a grid area. 5. The household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system based on image analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the image acquisition device is a camera. 6. The household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system based on image analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the image analysis device at least comprises an image processing unit and an image analysis unit, wherein the image processing unit processes the shadow image In the sharpening process, the image analysis unit analyzes the position, size and shape of the shadow image to calculate the orientation of the sun. 7. A household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system based on image analysis, characterized in that: the method includes, by analyzing and processing the shadow image formed by the sun shining on the sun visor, obtaining the specific orientation of the sun, and controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic panel Location. 8. The household photovoltaic battery automatic tracking system based on image analysis according to claim 7, characterized in that: said method specifically comprises: Collect the shadow image formed by the sun shining on the sun visor; Binarizing the shadow image to obtain a binary image. According to the binary image reflecting the shaded part of the visor, the orientation of the sunlight can be judged by calculating the center of gravity of the shaded part; Accurately calculate the angle of the sun by calculating the area and edge shape of the shadow part; The rotation of the photovoltaic panels is controlled based on the orientation of the sun.