CN101306961A - Production process of garden plant waste compost bacterium and uses thereof - Google Patents
Production process of garden plant waste compost bacterium and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101306961A CN101306961A CNA200810040312XA CN200810040312A CN101306961A CN 101306961 A CN101306961 A CN 101306961A CN A200810040312X A CNA200810040312X A CN A200810040312XA CN 200810040312 A CN200810040312 A CN 200810040312A CN 101306961 A CN101306961 A CN 101306961A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for making landscape plant waste compost inoculum and an application of the same. The method is as follows: bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride, lactobacillus plantarum, paracoccus denitrification, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomyces cerevisiae respectively occupying 10 to 20 mass portions are inoculated in a solid state fermentation medium so as to carry out cultivation and fermentation in dark sealing for 1 to 3 weeks at a temperature of between 25 and 30 DEG C; one week later, 250 mass portions of saw dust is added and evenly stirred and then cultivation and fermentation are continued; two weeks later, hay is placed to absorb surplus moisture and then is removed, and powdery inoculum can be obtained through drying in the shade for further use. Garden wastes are piled up and then are inoculated with inoculum with the weight occupying 1 to 3 per mill of that of a pile and dipped in warm water at a temperature of between 30 and 40 DEG C; compost is carried out at a temperature of between 55 and 65 DEG C, and pile turning and water replenishing are carried out every 3 to 4 days; then, pile turning and water replenishing are carried out every two weeks so as to keep pile water content of between 50 and 60 percent; thus, compost is completed after three weeks so as to reach to rotten innocuity standards. The strain has simple making and low cost, and can be directly used or bred continuously; moreover, the strain has no variation, no inactivation and long storage period, and the obtained compost can improve soil and increase nutrient utilization rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method and application thereof of garden plant waste compost bacterium, belong to urban landscaping, environmental protection or municipal administration technical field.
Background technology
Garden plant waste comprises branch pruning thing, turf-mown thing, rot fruit, fallen leaves and weeds etc. are the important component parts of city organic waste, and their treatment and disposal problems are to need a urgent difficult problem that solves in the urban development always.With behind the garden plant waste compost as the soil utilization, not only can reduce the amount of city organic waste, and can improve the urban soil fertility, promote plant-growth, play an important role to keeping the urban soil soil fertility and improving urban ecological environment.The ratio that the soil utilizes behind garden plant waste compost is very high in developed country such as the U.S., Canada and Japan etc., and has formed the composting utilization that corresponding laws and regulations and mandatory regulations are encouraged garden plant waste.And formed the composting technology of ripe and system, wherein the screening of bacterial classification and utilization are one of core technologies of garden plant waste compost, suitable bacterial classification not only can increase compost temperature, shorten the time of compost, reduce taking of castoff compost place, and can improve the composting production quality, improve the compost soil utilizating effect.And in China, except flourishing relatively cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, the still landfill that the garden plant waste in most of city is taked and traditional disposal options of burning.Even garden plant waste is carried out the compost utilization, employing still based on traditional natural compost.Because the wood fibre that contains complicated component, is difficult to decompose in the garden plant waste, therefore natural compost need expend the long time, and takies a large amount of soils; Become reconciled the oxygen condition except traditional adjusting C/N ratio, moisture, potential of hydrogen in addition, also need to add special cellulose degradation bacterial classification and promote compost to be rapidly heated to become thoroughly decomposed.Though itself contains indigenous microorganism in the compost, quantity can not reach the purpose of high-rate composting.At present, the bacterial classification that is applied to compost is at straw on the agricultural or feces of livestock and poultry substantially, or the bacterial classification of the domestic refuse in the city, sludge composting technology, lack corresponding special bacterial classification at the city trees and shrubs plant refuse, the required bacterial classification of garden plant waste compost is also different to some extent with other organic waste, improve the processing of garden plant waste, need inoculation external source bacterial classification to quicken the decomposition rate of wood fibre and other intermediate products.The cultural method that selects of conventional laboratory cellulose-degrading bacteria sieve is to come strain screening based on Mierocrystalline cellulose filter paper bar and Congo red substratum earlier; obtain best degradation flora by orthogonal experiment then; and enlarge in culture medium culturing such as beef extract-peptone nutrient agar and potato dextrose agars; be difficult to extensive fermentation strain, the incompatibility demand of practical production of obtaining like this.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can accelerate the become thoroughly decomposed microbial inoculum production method of speed of garden plant waste compost, another object of the present invention is to disclose the method that this microbial inoculum of a kind of usefulness is made the garden plant waste high-rate composting on the compost that becomes thoroughly decomposed of soil improvements such as can be used for nursery, forest belt, flower border, potted plant and shade tree or covering.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention studies for a long period of time to the microbiobacterial agent of being made up of subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), viride (Trichoderma viride), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum), Paracoccus denitrificans (Paracoccusdenitrificans), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) and yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), finds that above-mentioned bacterial classification is particularly suitable for accelerating garden waste compost maturity speed through the microbial inoculum of mixed culture fermentation gained.
Concrete steps and control condition that microbial inoculum of the present invention is produced are as follows:
Elder generation is at the rice bran of 500 parts of quality, the molasses of 5 parts of quality, add 40 ℃ of water (substratum solvent) that do not contain chlorinated lime in 5 parts of quality 200 purpose medical stones, mix and be 50～60% to water ratio (hand can be loose naturally after pinching, no moisture drenches), and to make pH be 6.5～7.5, makes solid-state fermentation culture medium; Then with above-mentioned available from Chinese industrial microbial strains preservation administrative center (CICC), the subtilis of Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center (ACCC) and American Type Culture Collecti (ATCC) (Bacillus subtilis), viride (Trichoderma viride), plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum), Paracoccus denitrificans (Paracoccus denitrificans), each 10～20 parts of quality of aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) and yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiae) are inoculated in the solid-state fermentation culture medium, cultivation and fermentation under 25～30 ℃ and dark dull thread and secluding air condition; Open after one week, add the sawdust (sawdust water content 10～20%) of 250 parts of quality, stir, continue by above-mentioned condition (25～30 ℃ and dark dull thread and secluding air sealing) cultivation and fermentation; Two Zhou Houxian open sealing bag, on the solid state bacterial mixture, put hay, absorb excessive moisture, again the hay behind the adsorption moisture is removed, then the solid state bacterial mixture being placed on stand, dark dry place scatters, cold put to water ratio be 50～60%, promptly make the Powdered garden plant waste compost bacterium of solid-state version of the present invention, at last microbial inoculum is packed stand-by.
A kind of application of garden plant waste compost bacterium will be crushed to garden plant waste (branch, turf-mown thing, the fruit that rots, fallen leaves and the weeds etc.) body in heaps of banking up of particle diameter 1～2cm earlier, pile body length degree and not limit; In the heap body, add microbial inoculum then, the microbial inoculum that adds is the garden plant waste compost bacterium that aforesaid method makes, addition is 1～3 ‰ of the heap body weight, before the interpolation, earlier this microbial inoculum is placed in 30～40 ℃ of warm water and soaks half an hour, microbial inoculum is seeded in the heap body, the water that does not contain chlorinated lime is added in the inoculation back again, and making heap body water ratio is 50～60%; The temperature maintenance that compost begins was carried out turning and moisturizing at 55～65 ℃ every 3～4 days, during when temperature surpasses 65 ℃, moisturizing turning as early as possible (the too high meeting of temperature makes most of bacterial classification inactivation, influences the rate of decomposition of fiber); Turning is once and keep the skin wet that to make heap body water ratio be 50～60% week about after 6～8 days; Three weeks were finished compost, reached the innoxious standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed, after testing, and humification coefficient HI＞1.9, organic 40～50% (surpassing the requirement of biological organic fertilizer＞30%); The heap surface of finishing behind the compost makes real with spade, prevents the volatilization loss of nitrogen, places a week and carries out the compost that stabilization obtains becoming thoroughly decomposed.The compost that becomes thoroughly decomposed can be used for soil improvement or coverings such as nursery, forest belt, flower border, potted plant and shade tree, covers consumption at 5～10cm thickness, carries out digging of 20cm thickness after applying 2～5cm thickness during soil improvement.
Described subtilis, viride, plant lactobacillus, Paracoccus denitrificans, aspergillus oryzae and yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae can obtain being inoculated in respectively to cultivate in the special separately substratum available from the strain of Chinese industrial microbial strains preservation administrative center (CICC), Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center (ACCC) and American Type Culture Collecti (ATCC) or a few strain.
Wherein, described subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) is optional from being preserved in CICC, is numbered No.6060, strain in 9011 and 10020 or a few strain, or be preserved in ACCC, be numbered No.01430,01432,01170,01181,01188,01196, strain in 01199,01266,01698 and 01746 or a few strain; Described viride (Trichoderma viride) is optional from being preserved in CICC, is numbered No.13001,13002, strain in 13003,13004 and 13038 or a few strain, or be preserved in ACCC, be numbered No.30048,30136,30166,30386,30498,30902,31930, strain in 31931,31882 and 31911 or a few strain; Described plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum) is optional from being preserved in CICC, is numbered No.6026,6053,6073,20022,20038, strain in 200263,200265 and 200267 or a few strain, or be preserved in ACCC, be numbered No.11016,11095,10643,10644, strain in 10533,10171,11118 and 10182 or a few strain; Described Paracoccus denitrificans (Paracoccus denitrificans) is optional from being preserved in ACCC, is numbered No.10489, or is preserved in ATCC, is numbered No.13543, a strain or a few strain in 17741 and 19367; Described aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) is optional from being preserved in ACCC, is numbered No.30155,30163,30322,30323,30415,30584,30788,31491, strain in 31493 and 31493 or a few strain, or be preserved in CICC, be numbered No.2001,2011,2022,2028, strain in 2035,2036 and 2037 or a few strain; Described yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is optional from being preserved in CICC, is numbered No.1001,1005,1009, strain in 1021,1037,1048,1049 and 1050 or a few strain, or be preserved in the ACCC numbering, be No.20034,20035,20089,20107,20158,20168,20251, strain in 20108 and 21120 or a few strain, and be preserved in ATCC, be numbered No.10274, strain in 10275,10602,10603 and 10615 or a few strain.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are:
1. because microbial inoculum of the present invention contains multiple effective strain, and wherein Paracoccus denitrificans has very high degradation capability to organic pollutant, therefore can accelerate garden waste compost maturity speed, three weeks were finished compost.
2. owing to added an amount of medical stone in the microbial inoculum production, can allow bacterial classification in preservation, keep dormant state, prevent the bacterial classification inactivation, prolong the preservation time of microbial inoculum, guarantee that also microbial inoculum is not by other living contaminantses.
3. also can continue breeding because microbial inoculum of the present invention can directly be used, bacterial classification is difficult for variation, and effectively bacterium is about 10
8～10
9Cfu/g, therefore, performance guarantees, and is with low cost.
4. be composited by the multiple beneficial bacterium owing to microbial inoculum of the present invention, antagonism not mutually, synergy, therefore a large amount of during the fermentation breeding function bacterium also produce multiple special efficacy meta-bolites (as vegetable-protein, hormone, microbiotic etc.), thus stimulating plant grows, improve the crop anti-adversity ability, after function yeast enters soil, can help the conversion of N, P, K, increase soil nutrient, the structure of improving the soil improves plant recovery of nutrient.
5. because microbial inoculum of the present invention is solid-state powdery, the mixing that is easy in the actual compost stirs, making compost temperature be increased to 55～70 ℃ and high temperature rapidly holds time longer, accelerated the formation of soil ulmin, shortened the time of compost, compost product germination index is higher than control treatment 10～20%, reaches the harmless biological index, and humification coefficient HI ([w (HA)/w (FA)])＞1.9 reaches the speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed and contrasts fast about 7 days.
6. the present invention has effectively improved the problem of the treatment and disposal difficulty of city trees and shrubs waste and the contour fibre content solid organic castoff of agricultural stalk, improved the biological organic fertilizer of soil, in destructor plant, composting plant, community and private garden the like waste are handled, had a extensive future.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In 50Kg rice bran, molasses 0.5Kg and 200 order medical stone 0.5Kg, add the 40 ℃ of water (substratum solvent) that do not contain chlorinated lime earlier, mix and be 50～60% to water ratio (hand can be loose naturally after pinching, no moisture drenches), and to make pH be 6.5～7.5, makes solid-state fermentation culture medium.Again subtilis (Bacillussubtilis) 1Kg, viride (Trichoderma viride) 0.5Kg, plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillusplantarum) 0.75Kg, Paracoccus denitrificans (Paracoccus denitrificans) 0.5Kg, aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillusoryzae) 0.5Kg and yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 0.25Kg are seeded to that (inoculum size is 5～10% on the solid medium, be preferably 7%), stirring after the inoculation obtains composite fungus agent.With composite fungus agent 25～30 ℃ of temperature, preferred 28 ℃ of cultivations, culturing process needs to pack into composite fungus agent in the sealing bag and to cultivate under the dark dull thread condition.One week back adding 25Kg sawdust, the water ratio of sawdust is 10～20%, stirs, and continues to cultivate under sealing and the dull thread condition.Second Zhou Houxian opens sealing bag, puts hay in the above absorbing excessive moisture, and the hay after will adsorb removes, scattered in the stand of the solid state bacterial after the fermentation, cold put to water ratio be 50～60% or hand pinch that afterwards raw material is loose naturally, no moisture drenches and can use.Microbial inoculum of the present invention should be preserved in dark dry place sealing.
Described bacterial strain can be bought direct application, also can buy to cultivate respectively and continue breeding, to satisfy the required amount of preparation microbial inoculum.Cultural method adopts known ordinary method: subtilis, Paracoccus denitrificans can use the LB culture medium culturing to obtain in 2～3 days; Aspergillus oryzae, viride and yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae can use the PDA culture medium culturing to obtain in 4～6 days; Plant lactobacillus uses the fermentation of MRS substratum to obtain in 4～5 days.
Embodiment 2
Garden waste comprises branch pruning thing, turf-mown thing, rot fruit, fallen leaves and weeds etc.Garden waste is crushed to about particle diameter 1～2cm banks up, heap body length is at 80～200cm, the microbial inoculum of embodiment 1 is seeded on the compost, and the amount of inoculation is 3 ‰ of the heap body weight, and inoculation is preceding with 30～40 ℃ of warm water soaking microbial inoculum (amounts 20～50L) of warm water half an hour.Add water to the water ratio of piling body that does not contain chlorinated lime after the inoculation and be 50～60% or hand to pinch the back raw material loose naturally, no moisture drenches.After compost began, temperature maintenance was at 55～65 ℃, carried out turning and moisturizing in 3～4 days, the turning process notices that the inside and outside of raw material will mix, if this moment, temperature surpassed 65 ℃, needs moisturizing turning as early as possible, make the ventilation of heap body, the too high meeting of temperature makes most of bacterial classification inactivation, influences the rate of decomposition of fiber.Turning is once and keep the skin wet week about later on.About three weeks are finished compost, reach the innoxious standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed, humification coefficient HI＞1.9, and organic matter 40～50% surpasses the requirement of biological organic fertilizer＞30%.The compost of heap after the corruption need be placed about a week and stablize, and will pile the surface and make real with spade, prevents the volatilization loss of nitrogen.Compost after becoming thoroughly decomposed can be used for soil improvement or coverings such as nursery, forest belt, flower border, potted plant and shade tree.Cover consumption at 5～10cm thickness.Apply 2～5cm thickness, carry out digging of 20cm thickness, make soil obtain improvement, can obtain good growth result.
Embodiment 3
To pulverize the discarded branch in gardens that the back particle diameter is 1～3cm: mud=(1: 1)～(1: 2) volume ratio mixed stack body in heaps, heap body length is at 80～200cm.The microbial inoculum of embodiment 1 is seeded on the heap body, and the amount of inoculation is 1 ‰ of the heap body weight, and inoculation is preceding with 30～40 ℃ of warm water soaking microbial inoculum (amounts 5～10L) of warm water half an hour.Inoculation after effect feelings be adjusted to hand pinch the raw material of heap body can be loose naturally, there is no moisture and drench, (because water content is higher in the mud, common compost initially need not to add water).After compost began, temperature maintenance was at 55～65 ℃, carried out turning and moisturizing in 3～4 days, the turning process notices that the inside and outside of raw material will mix, if during temperature surpass 65 ℃, need moisturizing turning as early as possible, make the ventilation of heap body, the too high meeting of temperature makes most of bacterial classification inactivation, influences the rate of decomposition of fiber.Turning is once and keep the skin wet week about later on.Four to six weeks were finished compost, reached the innoxious standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed.The compost of heap after the corruption need be placed about one to two week and stablize, and will pile the surface and make real with spade, prevents the volatilization loss of nitrogen.Compost after becoming thoroughly decomposed can be used for soil improvements such as nursery, flower border, potted plant and shade tree, applies 2～5cm thickness, carries out digging of 20cm thickness, can obtain good growth result.Branch sludge composting with this method preparation spends the Chinese pagoda tree growth experiment in border experiment, potted plant experiment and garden, new Hongqiao center, Shanghai City all to obtain good growth result in Shanghai Inst. of Garden Science.
Claims (3)
1. the production method of a garden plant waste compost bacterium, it is characterized in that: elder generation is with the rice bran of 500 parts of quality, the molasses of 5 parts of quality, 5 parts of quality 200 purpose medical stones, adding 40 ℃ of water that do not contain chlorinated lime mixes, making water ratio is 50～60%, and pH is 6.5～7.5, solid-state fermentation culture medium; Measure each 10～20 parts of quality of subtilis, viride, plant lactobacillus, Paracoccus denitrificans, aspergillus oryzae and yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae then, they are inoculated in the above-mentioned solid-state fermentation culture medium cultivation and fermentation under 25～30 ℃ and dark dull thread and secluding air condition respectively; Open after one week, add the sawdust of 250 parts of quality, stir, continue by above-mentioned condition cultivation and fermentation; Two Zhou Houxian open sealing bag, on the cultivation and fermentation mixture, put hay and absorb excessive moisture, again the hay behind the adsorption moisture is removed, then the cultivation and fermentation mixture being placed on stand, dark dry place scatters, cold put to water ratio be 50～60%, promptly make the Powdered garden plant waste compost bacterium of solid-state version of the present invention, at last it is packed preserve stand-by.
2. the application of a garden plant waste compost bacterium, the garden plant waste that will the be crushed to particle diameter 1～2cm earlier body in heaps of banking up; Inoculate microbial inoculum at heap in the body then, it is characterized in that: the microbial inoculum of inoculation is the garden plant waste compost bacterium that claim 1 obtains, and the amount of inoculation is 1～3 ‰ of the heap body weight, before the inoculation, earlier with this microbial inoculum of 30～40 ℃ of warm water soaking half an hour; Then microbial inoculum is seeded in the heap body, the water that does not contain chlorinated lime is added in the inoculation back, and making heap body water ratio is 50～60%; The temperature maintenance that compost begins was carried out turning and moisturizing at 55～65 ℃ every 3～4 days, during when temperature surpasses 65 ℃, moisturizing turning is as early as possible avoided the bacterial classification inactivation and is influenced the rate of decomposition of fiber; After 6～8 days week about turning once and keep the skin wet that to make heap body water ratio be 50～60%; Three weeks were finished compost, reached the innoxious standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed, humification coefficient HI＞1.9 after testing, and organic content is 40～50%; The heap surface of finishing behind the compost makes real with spade, prevents the volatilization loss of nitrogen, places and carries out the compost that obtains becoming thoroughly decomposed after the stabilization week.
3. according to the application of a kind of garden plant waste compost bacterium of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described compost that becomes thoroughly decomposed can be used for soil improvement or coverings such as nursery, forest belt, flower border, potted plant and shade tree, cover consumption at 5～10cm thickness, soil improvement is adopted and is applied 2～5cm thickness, carries out digging of 20cm thickness.
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| CN102212494A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-10-12 | 王颖 | Organic matter decomposing inoculant, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN102911897B (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-03-26 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Cultural method for paracoccus denitrificans and application of same to purifying aquaculture water |
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