Be used for the argon-arc welding-braze welding composite welding method that titanium alloy is connected with steel
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field, relate to a kind of argon-arc welding-braze welding composite welding method that is used for titanium alloy and steel welding.
Background technology
Titanium or titanium alloy specific strength height, corrosion resisting property are good, have obtained in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, nuclear industry, oil, chemical industry using widely.Along with titanium alloy use increasing, the welding of titanium and other metal, especially titanium alloy are connected and the compound basic problem that has become the needs solution with steel.
In the welding process of titanium alloy and steel, different with distortion in the cooling procedure on the one hand owing to the two linear expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity differ bigger in weld heating, cause joint to form big internal stress; On the other hand, because the solid solubility between titanium and the iron is very little, form the intermetallic compound of fragility easily at welding point, as TiFe, TiFe
2, σ equates.In addition, the carbon in the steel easily with the gap of titanium formation fragility TiC mutually.The formation of these fragility phases has reduced the bond strength of dissimilar metal welding joint and plasticity, toughness.
Disclose a kind of employing argon tungsten-arc welding in " (welding science and technology " of the U.S. and be connected titanium alloy and a kind of mild steel, had in the weld seam of titanium alloy and mild steel that crisp hard (V) ternary phase is difficult to realize the melting welding of steel and titanium alloy for Fe, Ti.(author: agate Asia etc." titanium and the research of steel welding wire ".Welding science and technology, 2001 (4), P240-246) (M.Marya and S.Liu. " Search for filler metal for welding of ferrous alloys to titanium " .Scienceand Technology of Welding and Joining, 2001, Vol.6 (4): p240-246)
Nb carries out electron-bombardment welding or carries out diffusion welding (DW) appear in the newspapers (Li Yajiang, Wang Juan, Liu Peng as intermediate diffusion layer as packing material." welding and the application of the difficult wlding material of xenogenesis ".Chemical Industry Press, 2004: P186-188), do not adopt Nb to do the joint performance data that packing material utilizes electron beam welding and diffusion welding (DW) but provide.Adopt intermediate layer Nb to carry out vacuum electron beam and be welded in difficult control on the technology, and need special equipment, technology is complicated; For diffusion welding (DW), need pressurization, equipment also there is certain requirement, technology is more complicated relatively also.The method that adopts melting welding to combine with soldering, two kinds of methods are conventional welding method, and are easy to operation, need not special welding equipment.In addition, Ti and Nb infinitely dissolve each other, and utilize conventional fusion welding method can be easy to realize the two connection, and Fe, Ni in Nb and the steel all can generate certain intermetallic compound influences joint performance mutually.If Nb and steel side adopt melting welding, the Nb-Fe under the high temperature in the molten bath, Nb-Ni reaction is violent.And adopt the lower method for welding of temperature, under the infusible situation of mother metal and Nb intermediate layer, can suppress the reaction between Nb-Fe, the Nb-Ni relatively, thereby reduce the generation of intermetallic compound.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: a kind of Interface Crack of avoiding melting welding and soldering to cause is provided, guarantees to connect under most titanium alloy beta phase transition temperatures and can avoid high temperature to connect the argon-arc welding-braze welding composite welding method that titanium alloy and steel weld that is used for being lower than the damage of titanium alloy mother metal performance.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: when titanium alloy and steel welding, as the intermediate layer, use the titanium welding wire that titanium alloy and Nb intermediate layer are carried out the argon arc welding with Nb earlier in the argon filling case, again soldering is carried out in titanium alloy+Nb intermediate layer and steel.
When titanium alloy and steel welding, as the intermediate layer, in the argon filling case, use the titanium welding wire that titanium alloy and Nb intermediate layer are carried out the argon arc welding earlier, again vacuum brazing is carried out in titanium alloy+Nb intermediate layer and steel with Nb.
The solder of described soldering is copper manganese based solder or silver-bearing copper titanium solder, and wherein, silver-bearing copper titanium solder composition is: the percentage by weight of copper content is 25%~40%, and the percentage by weight of Ti content is not more than 7%, and surplus is a silver; The copper manganese based solder is two kinds of copper manganese nickel solder and copper manganese cobalt brazes, and the composition of copper manganese nickel solder is: the percentage by weight of manganese content is 20%~30%, and the percentage by weight of nickel content is 4%~22%, and surplus is a copper; The composition of copper manganese cobalt braze is: the percentage by weight of manganese content is 20%~30%, and the percentage by weight of cobalt content is 4%~10%, and surplus is a copper.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention proposes to use Nb as the intermediate layer, utilize melting welding and soldering respectively to the way of Nb and titanium alloy and two kinds of mother metals welding of steel, intercepted that titanium and the direct of iron contact in two kinds of mother metals, caused crackle mutually thereby form fragility when having avoided titanium alloy directly to weld with steel.Adopt copper manganese based solder and silver-bearing copper titanium solder soldering Nb and steel, the pairing brazing temperature of the solder of selection has been avoided the damage to titanium alloy mother metal performance.
The present invention proposes to use the silver-bearing copper titanium solder alloy brazed Nb and the steel of low Ti content, utilize the activity of titanium to promote Nb and solder to react, simultaneously Ti content is low in the solder has also avoided too much titanium and iron in the steel to react forming fragility mutually, and the comprehensive feasible of two kinds of reasons utilizes the joint performance of this solder brazing higher.The room temperature tensile intensity of joint can be brought up to 266.6MPa
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Nb and the 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb joint microstructure backscattered electron image that adopts Cu-Mn26-Ni10 (wt.%) solder to obtain under the soldering condition of 960 ℃/10min.
Fig. 2 is Nb and the 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb joint microstructure backscattered electron image that adopts Cu-Mn24-Co5 (wt.%) solder to obtain under the soldering condition of 960 ℃/10min.
Fig. 3 is Nb and the 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb joint microstructure backscattered electron image that adopts Ag-Cu35.2-Ti1.8 (wt.%) solder to obtain under the soldering condition of 910 ℃/15min.
Fig. 4 is Nb and the 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb joint microstructure backscattered electron image that adopts Ag-Cu27.5-Ti4.4 (wt.%) solder to obtain under the soldering condition of 910 ℃/15min.
The specific embodiment
When titanium alloy and steel welding, as the intermediate layer, in the argon filling case, use the titanium welding wire that titanium alloy and Nb intermediate layer are carried out the argon arc welding earlier, again soldering is carried out in titanium alloy+Nb intermediate layer and steel with Nb.
When titanium alloy and steel welding, as the intermediate layer, in the argon filling case, use the titanium welding wire that titanium alloy and Nb intermediate layer are carried out the argon arc welding earlier, again vacuum brazing is carried out in titanium alloy+Nb intermediate layer and steel with Nb.
The solder of described soldering is copper manganese based solder or silver-bearing copper titanium solder, and wherein, silver-bearing copper titanium solder composition is: the percentage by weight of copper content is 25%~40%, and the percentage by weight of Ti content is not more than 7%, and surplus is a silver; The copper manganese based solder is two kinds of copper manganese base nickel solder and copper manganese base cobalt brazes, and the composition of copper manganese base nickel solder is: the percentage by weight of manganese content is 20%~30%, and the percentage by weight of nickel content is 4%~22%, and surplus is a copper; The composition of copper manganese base cobalt braze is: the percentage by weight of manganese content is 20%~30%, and the percentage by weight of cobalt content is 4%~10%, and surplus is a copper.
The present invention uses Nb to do the intermediate layer, realizes being connected with argon arc welding in titanium alloy and Nb intermediate layer, is connected with the soldering realization between Nb intermediate layer and the steel.The specific embodiment is that titanium alloy is realized being connected with filling the argon arc welding in the argon filling case of titanium welding wire with Nb, and one of them carries out vacuum brazing with following solder for Nb and steel side:
(1) copper manganese based solder is two kinds of copper manganese base nickel solder and copper manganese base cobalt brazes, and wherein the composition of copper manganese base nickel solder is: the percentage by weight of manganese content is 20%~30%, and the percentage by weight of nickel content is 4%~22%, and surplus is a copper; The composition of copper manganese base cobalt braze is: the percentage by weight of manganese content is 20%~30%, and the percentage by weight of cobalt content is 4%~10%, and surplus is a copper.
(2) silver-bearing copper titanium solder, wherein the percentage by weight of copper content is 25%~40%, and the titaniferous amount is not more than 7%, and surplus is a silver.
When using above-mentioned method for welding, the solder of recommendation is the copper manganese based solder, and type of service is a powdery, and the best brazing process parameter of recommendation is: brazing temperature: 900~980 ℃, and holding time of brazing: 0~60min; The solder of recommending is the silver-bearing copper titanium solder, and type of service is the paper tinsel shape, and the best brazing process parameter of recommendation is: brazing temperature: 800~960 ℃, and holding time of brazing: 0~60min.
Concrete processing step is as follows:
(1) assembling before the melting welding: utilize anchor clamps that titanium alloy and Nb intermediate layer are positioned;
(2) melting welding: titanium alloy is put into the argon filling case together with anchor clamps after finish location, Nb intermediate layer, and filling Ti welding wire realization titanium alloy is connected with Nb's;
(3) assembling before the soldering: utilize anchor clamps titanium alloy+Nb that melting welding is good and steel to position, add solder at the linkage interface place;
(4) heating: the weldment of having good positioning is put into vacuum furnace, treat that vacuum is not less than 3 * 10
-2Behind the Pa, the programming rate heating with 5~18K/min for the copper manganese based solder, is heated to 900~980 ℃, insulation 0~60min; For the silver-bearing copper titanium solder, be heated to 800~960 ℃, insulation 0~60min;
(5) cooling: cool to room temperature with the furnace.
Table 1 provides the embodiment of the present invention to titanium alloy+Nb and drill rod weldering, comprises the room temperature tensile intensity of solder, soldering processes, titanium alloy TC 4+Nb and the steel 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb jointing of use.
The embodiment of table 1 titanium alloy+Nb and drill rod weldering
Sequence number |
Solder composition (wt.%) |
Form |
Soldering processes |
Joint room temperature hot strength (MPa) |
1 |
Cu-Mn26-Ni10 |
Powder |
960℃/0~60min |
130.8~201 |
2 |
Cu-Mn23-Ni12 |
Powder |
960℃/0~60min |
126.6~188.4 |
3 |
Cu-Mn21-Ni4 |
Powder |
940℃/0~60min |
134~210.6 |
4 |
Cu-Mn22-Ni4 |
Powder |
930℃/0~60min |
128.2~194.6 |
5 |
Cu-Mn25-Ni5 |
Powder |
950℃/0~60min |
130~198.4 |
6 |
Cu-Mn24-Ni8 |
Powder |
960℃/0~60min |
112.6~187 |
7 |
Cu-Mn30-Ni16 |
Powder |
970℃/0~60min |
108.8~176.8 |
8 |
Cu-Mn20-Ni14 |
Powder |
970℃/0~60min |
110.3~189.5 |
9 |
Cu-Mn28-Ni18 |
Powder |
980℃/0~60min |
106.7~195.5 |
10 |
Cu-Mn26-Ni20 |
Powder |
980℃/0~60min |
102.3~190.8 |
11 |
Cu-Mn28-Ni22 |
Powder |
980℃/0~60min |
114.6~198.2 |
12 |
Cu-Mn27-Ni13 |
Powder |
960℃/0~60min |
120.9~211.6 |
13 |
Cu-Mn30-Ni6 |
Powder |
940℃/0~60min |
115.6~195.4 |
14 |
Cu-Mn24-Co5 |
Powder |
960℃/0~60min |
141.1~254.4 |
15 |
Cu-Mn30-Co4 |
Powder |
930℃/0~60min |
135.6~244.8 |
16 |
Cu-Mn23-Co7 |
Powder |
950℃/0~60min |
128.2~233.6 |
17 |
Cu-Mn25-Co8 |
Powder |
930℃/0~60min |
132.1~240.5 |
18 |
Cu-Mn26-Co6 |
Powder |
940℃/0~60min |
136.8~244.2 |
19 |
Cu-Mn27-Co10 |
Powder |
960℃/0~60min |
122.8~236.7 |
20 |
Cu-Mn20-Co10 |
Powder |
970℃/0~60min |
120.1~222.2 |
21 |
Cu-Mn23-Co5 |
Powder |
900℃/0~60min |
146.3~248.8 |
22 |
Cu-Mn23-Co8 |
Powder |
950℃/0~60min |
125.5~232.7 |
23 |
Cu-Mn20-Co5 |
Powder |
960℃/0~60min |
130~243.3 |
24 |
Cu-Mn27-Co8 |
Powder |
980℃/0~60min |
136.4~235.2 |
25 |
Cu-Mn24-Co9 |
Powder |
950℃/0~60min |
122.9~218.4 |
26 |
Cu-Mn27-Co9 |
Powder |
980℃/0~60min |
120.4~221.3 |
27 |
Ag-Cu38.5-Ti0.5 |
The paper tinsel shape |
880℃/0~60min |
188.2~224.6 |
28 |
Ag-Cu40-Ti1.0 |
Powder |
800℃/0~60min |
192.3~230.3 |
29 |
Ag-Cu40-Ti1.0 |
The paper tinsel shape |
840℃/0~60min |
194.5~236.2 |
30 |
Ag-Cu39-Ti1.5 |
The paper tinsel shape |
900℃/0~60min |
208.5~253.7 |
31 |
Ag-Cu35.2-Ti1.8 |
Powder |
910℃/0~60min |
204.2~248.6 |
32 |
Ag-Cu35.2-Ti1.8 |
The paper tinsel shape |
910℃/0~60min |
213.2~266.6 |
33 |
Ag-Cu28-Ti2.0 |
Powder |
890℃/0~60min |
211.4~247 |
34 |
Ag-Cu30-Ti2.5 |
The paper tinsel shape |
900℃/0~60min |
187.6~225 |
35 |
Ag-Cu38-Ti3.0 |
The paper tinsel shape |
910℃/0~60min |
155.6~199.4 |
36 |
Ag-Cu35.5-Ti3.5 |
Powder |
925℃/0~60min |
133.3~187.9 |
37 |
Ag-Cu32-Ti4.0 |
The paper tinsel shape |
920℃/0~60min |
135.5~170.4 |
38 |
Ag-Cu27.5-Ti4.4 |
The paper tinsel shape |
910℃/0~60min |
125~160.6 |
39 |
Ag-Cu30-Ti5.0 |
The paper tinsel shape |
910℃/0~60min |
114.7~155.3 |
40 |
Ag-Cu26.5-Ti5.5 |
Powder |
915℃/0~60min |
118.6~160.2 |
41 |
Ag-Cu28-Ti6.0 |
Powder |
910℃/0~60min |
102.6~144.8 |
42 |
Ag-Cu27-Ti6.5 |
Powder |
960℃/0~60min |
111.5~132.8 |
43 |
Ag-Cu25-Ti7.0 |
Powder |
920℃/0~60min |
98.1~114.5 |
All joints all break in the linkage interface of Nb and steel (referring to accompanying drawing 1,2,3,4).Contrast joint performance data adopt the joint performance data of Ag-Cu35.2-Ti1.8 solder the highest, and reach 266.6MPa, and adopt the joint performance data of Ag-Cu27.5-Ti4.4 lower, be 125~160.6MPa.The strength of joint of two kinds of copper manganese nickel and the soldering of copper manganese cobalt braze is between the strength of joint of two kinds of silver-bearing copper titanium solders.