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CN101255907B - 用于泵驱动的传动系统 - Google Patents

用于泵驱动的传动系统 Download PDF

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CN101255907B
CN101255907B CN200710164877.4A CN200710164877A CN101255907B CN 101255907 B CN101255907 B CN 101255907B CN 200710164877 A CN200710164877 A CN 200710164877A CN 101255907 B CN101255907 B CN 101255907B
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pump
prime mover
drive
gear
transmission system
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CN101255907A (zh
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安德烈·萨尔韦雷
詹姆斯·梅森
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Prad Research and Development Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/05—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/088—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种用于包括驱动泵的原动机的泵系统的传动系统，该传动系统包括：行星齿轮系统，其包括恒星齿轮和齿圈以及啮合于恒星齿轮和齿圈之间的行星齿轮；由原动机驱动的主输入驱动器；由原动机驱动的辅助输入驱动器；用于驱动泵的输出驱动器，其中，所述主驱动器被连接于恒星齿轮，并存在下列情况之一：(i)所述辅助输入驱动器被连接于所述齿圈，并且从所述行星齿轮连至所述输出驱动器；或者(ii)所述辅助输入驱动器被连接于所述行星齿轮，并且从所述齿圈连至所述输出驱动器。

Description

用于泵驱动的传动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将原动机的驱动力传递到操作装置的传动系统。具体而言，本发明尤其涉及用于驱动泵的传动系统，特别是用于油气勘探及用于压裂和水泥灌浆作业的产品工业的类型的泵。
背景技术
在对石油或天然气井的液压压裂泵送操作作业中，通常必须将地面上的流体以高压和高流速泵送到井下。取决于矿井以及进行的特别的操作，可能必须提供超过12000马力，从而以期望的容积流率来克服井下的压力。
在一个典型的压裂泵机构中，数个泵被使用，每一个一般都被安装有一个柴油发动机作为用于驱动高压三缸或四缸正排量泵的原动机，并通过一个五到七速的传动装置进行联接。每个泵一般传递1500-2000马力功率，这取决于安装的发动机的类型和尺寸。大型压裂作业可能需要在井址处采用多于16个泵送单元来达到需要的泵送功率，并且在个体单元出现故障的情况下提供后援。
由于井的自然条件，经常必须在已有的井压下启动泵送操作。也就是说要给泵的传动系统施加一个很高的压力，这有时会导致故障。
当在作业中出现工作着的泵出现故障时，一个备用单元需要来替代它。这时备用的泵需要在高压下从停机状态启动。为了实现上述操作，操作员必须使发动机达到一定速度并与期望的齿轮啮合。一般所使用的传动系统安装有一个转矩转换器，其允许在发动机转速与泵转速之间存在一个限量的滑移。但是该单元只能承受在这种内在滑移下运作非常有限的时间。
有时候需要增加整体的泵送容积流率。在大多数情况下这只能通过改变某些泵的传动装置的档位，或者启动其它的泵来实现。
上述所有的操作对传动系统、泵和发动机都会产生很大的损伤，这会导致不安全性和减少使用寿命。
传统的水泥灌浆或压裂泵单元一般具有五档(five-gear)自动传动装置以允许实现满泵流量或者满泵输入转矩。这个系统的弱点在于为了在压力下泵送，在传动装置上下换档时发动机必须处在最大转矩速率，从而会损坏传动盘。
这种类型传动装置的一种替代选择是一种传统的静液压传动装置(HST)，包括由发动机驱动的可变容积泵和由该泵驱动的液压马达。这种系统提供一种无齿轮驱动机构，其将发动机能量连续转化成液压能。由于它们精良的变速性能，这种系统广泛用于建筑机械。但是HST确实存在一定的问题，并导致不适合作为泵送系统，例如有限的低速率/转矩范围和狭窄的变速范围。
HST是一种连续可变传动系统(CVT)。CVT通过允许任何输入输出比避免了传统齿轮箱中变换齿轮所带来的问题。机械CVT在汽车应用领域为人所知。
一种CVT设计的外延，也称为无极变速传动装置(IVT)，允许传动装置向前或者向后驱动车辆。传动输入被分到两个轴，其中一个被连接至行星齿轮装置，另外一个连接至CVT。CVT的输出被连接于行星齿轮系中另外一组齿轮。那个不从发动机或者CVT汲取能量的齿轮将转矩传递给传动装置输出。行星齿轮装置担当机械加法器作用，以将两个速度相减或相加。
混合型汽车同样使用行星齿轮系统以允许双动力源被连接到车辆传动装置。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的就是为了提供一种传动系统，其以能够有效用于泵驱动系统的形式实现CVT的优点。这一目的在本发明中通过使用行星齿轮系统来实现。
本发明的一方面包括一种用于泵系统的传动系统，该泵系统包括用于驱动泵的原动机，该传动系统包括：
行星齿轮系统，其包括恒星齿轮和齿圈以及啮合于所述恒星齿轮和齿圈之间的行星齿轮；
由所述原动机驱动的主输入驱动器；
由所述原动机驱动的辅助输入驱动器；和
用于驱动所述泵的输出驱动器，
其中，所述主输入驱动器连接至所述恒星齿轮，并且存在下列情况之一：
(i)所述辅助输入驱动器被连接于所述齿圈，并且从所述行星齿轮连至所述输出驱动器；或者
(ii)所述辅助输入驱动器被连接于所述行星齿轮，并且从所述齿圈连至所述输出驱动器。
通过按照上述方式连接主和辅助输入驱动器，行星齿轮系统起到通过机械方式将两个驱动相减或相加的作用，从而根据每个驱动器的转速和方向提供任何输入/输出比。输入/输出比的改变可以不对传动系统、原动机或泵产生任何激烈的物理震动。
所述行星齿轮一般包括安装在行星架上的若干齿轮，所述辅助输入驱动器或者输出驱动器被连接于所述行星架。
优选，所述辅助输入驱动器能够向前或相反的方向操作。
本发明的另一个方面包括一种泵系统，包括通过根据本发明前述方面的传动装置来驱动泵的原动机。
所述主输入驱动器和所述辅助输入驱动器可以是机械的或者液压的。
优选，在所述原动机和传动系统之间设置转矩转换器。
泵优选地是用于油井中压裂、水泥灌浆或盘管作业的例如三缸或者四缸的泵。
泵送的流体可以包括下列中的任意一种：能凝固的流体(fluid able toset)、水泥浆、酸、压裂流体(fracturing fluid)、用于井筒的处理液。
附图说明
图1显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的传动系统的示意图；
图2、3、4、5显示了本发明不同实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明目的在于在原动机(例如柴油发动机，电动机)和泵之间提供平稳的功率和/或转矩传递，允许该总成无论在什么速度情况下都可以获得全功率和/或转矩。
根据本发明的系统的基本结构基于单个组合输入(split input)，该组合输入使用行星齿轮系作为差动机构，一个差动输出被用来驱动泵，另一个差动输出被连接于调速机构(辅助驱动)，使得所述另一个输出实际上起到输入的作用，并且差动结果是使两个输入结合而不是将一个单独的输入分成两个输出。因此主输入驱动器(柴油发动机或电动机)可以被允许在一个最大的转矩速率下以一个恒定速率运转，并且能够驱动泵从0转/分到最大转速而不需要分级齿轮(step gear)。这允许该装置从停机状态下启动，并且逐渐增加泵速到一个期望的运作速率而不发生任何打滑或齿轮变换，然后维持原动机在一个恒定的速率。
一个合适的行星齿轮系机构包括一个恒星齿轮、一个行星齿轮、一个齿圈和两个或更多约束行星齿轮的行星架。在行星齿轮系的传统操作中，通过从恒星齿轮、齿圈和行星架选择任意两个元件作为输入和输出，以及约束剩下的一个元件，行星齿轮系被用作减速齿轮或分级齿轮。在根据本发明的系统中，输入或输出通过该约束点进行。差动齿轮分解或合并输入和输出。
图1示意性地显示了根据本发明实施例的用于驱动油井激化操作中的压裂泵的传动系统。来自原动机D(柴油发动机)的驱动力被引导至行星传输系统中的恒星齿轮10。通过适当的连接14，驱动力也被从原动机D引导至一个辅助驱动系统A的输入端12。
图1所示实施例中的辅助驱动器A是一个HST(液压泵/马达)，来自主驱动器D的输入驱动力12被用于驱动HST泵16，从而后者用于以通常方式驱动HST马达18。辅助驱动器A的输出端被提供有一个驱动连接20，而该驱动连接20又被引至行星传动系统的齿圈22。
输出轴24被连接于行星齿轮系统中的行星齿轮28的行星架26。输出轴被连接于压裂泵P。
在本实施例中，辅助驱动器A起到行星差动系统的持续可变输入的作用。通过控制辅助驱动器A，原动机一部分的输出可以被施加至传动系统的齿圈，以决定施加至泵P的最终传动比。这样，输出轴24的速率控制通过控制辅助驱动器A的速率和方向来实现，而同时原动机速率可以有效维持恒定。
对于本实施例可以作出多样的改变。图2示意性地显示了图1中装置的布置，其中原动机D被连接于恒星齿轮10，辅助驱动器A(该情况下由通过原动机D供给动力的HST H1构成)被连接到齿圈22，并且泵轴P被连接于行星齿轮架26。图3显示了本实施例的一个变型，其中供给恒星齿轮10的动力由另一个HST H2提供，该HST H2同样由原动机D供给动力(未示出)。图4显示了一种不同的构造，其中原动机D被连接于恒星齿轮10，辅助驱动器A(由通过原动机D供给动力的HST H1组成)被连接于行星齿轮架26，并且泵轴P被连接于齿圈22。图5显示了替代图4中原动机D和辅助HST1的设置的采用两个HST(HST1和HST2)的相应设置(对比图3)。在另一个变型中，辅助(或主)驱动器的HST可以被另外一种形式的CVT所替代。
一个尤其优选的变型是在原动机末端提供一个转矩转换器来改进原动机在启动和停机及速度和转矩传递发生很大变化的期间的特性。
在本发明范围内可以作出其他的改变。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于在石油或天然气井中操作作业的泵系统，包括：
原动机；
输出驱动器，用于驱动泵；
传输系统，其包括：行星齿轮系统，其包括：恒星齿轮和齿圈以及啮合于所述恒星齿轮和齿圈之间的行星齿轮；
由所述原动机驱动的主输入驱动器；
由所述原动机驱动的液压输入驱动器；和
液力变矩器，其设置在所述原动机和所述传输系统之间，
其中，所述主输入驱动器连接至所述恒星齿轮，并且存在下列情况之一：
(i)所述液压输入驱动器被连接于所述齿圈，并且从所述行星齿轮连至所述输出驱动器；或者
(ii)所述液压输入驱动器被连接于所述行星齿轮，并且从所述齿圈连至所述输出驱动器，
其中，所述传输系统的齿圈或者行星架连接至液压输入驱动器。
2.如权利要求1所述的泵系统，其中，所述泵是三缸泵或四缸泵。
CN200710164877.4A 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 用于泵驱动的传动系统 Expired - Fee Related CN101255907B (zh)

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US20080182699A1 (en) 2008-07-31
ATE472040T1 (de) 2010-07-15
CN101255907A (zh) 2008-09-03
DE602006015054D1 (de) 2010-08-05
EP1900973A1 (en) 2008-03-19
EA011575B1 (ru) 2009-04-28
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SG141327A1 (en) 2008-04-28
EA200701720A1 (ru) 2008-04-28

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