CN101215438B - Anti-fouling and anti-aging stainless steel coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-fouling and anti-aging stainless steel coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101215438B CN101215438B CN2008100193140A CN200810019314A CN101215438B CN 101215438 B CN101215438 B CN 101215438B CN 2008100193140 A CN2008100193140 A CN 2008100193140A CN 200810019314 A CN200810019314 A CN 200810019314A CN 101215438 B CN101215438 B CN 101215438B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- agent
- stainless steel
- acrylic resin
- filler
- paint according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
抗污耐老化不锈钢涂料及其制备方法，涂料由丙烯酸树脂，成膜物，填料，溶剂以及助剂混合而成，成膜物包括含氟树脂、水性聚氨酯、环氧树脂，填料中包括纳米二氧化硅，将丙烯酸树脂溶解于溶剂中，再加入成膜物、填料及助剂，球磨混合均匀即可。本发明不锈钢涂料采用纳米二氧化硅，含氟树脂对丙烯酸涂料进行改性，利用纳米二氧化硅的紫外线屏蔽性能以及纳米级颗粒的粒径，以及含氟树脂的低表面张力，使制得的丙烯酸树脂大大增强了耐老化能力和抗紫外性能，比现有普通丙烯酸树脂涂料具有更长的使用寿命，更好的抗指纹效果，无论是在质量上和档次上都得到了很大提升，进一步扩大了其使用范围。The invention discloses an anti-fouling and anti-aging stainless steel coating and a preparation method thereof. The coating is mixed with acrylic resin, a film-forming material, a filler, a solvent and an auxiliary agent. The film-forming material includes a fluorine-containing resin, a water-based polyurethane and an epoxy resin. The filler includes nano-silicon dioxide. The acrylic resin is dissolved in a solvent, and then the film-forming material, the filler and the auxiliary agent are added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ball milling. The stainless steel coating of the invention adopts nano-silicon dioxide and a fluorine-containing resin to modify the acrylic coating. The ultraviolet shielding performance of the nano-silicon dioxide and the particle size of the nano-scale particles and the low surface tension of the fluorine-containing resin are utilized to greatly enhance the aging resistance and anti-ultraviolet performance of the prepared acrylic resin. The acrylic resin has a longer service life and a better anti-fingerprint effect than the existing ordinary acrylic resin coating. The quality and grade of the acrylic resin coating are greatly improved, and the scope of use is further expanded.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the stainless steel paint field, be specially a kind of environment-friendly type anti-soiling aging-resisting stainless steel paint and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Stainless steel is that a kind of silvery white has excellent solidity to corrosion, wear resistance, toughness and technological steel alloy, and its excellent mechanical property, better chemical stability and characteristic such as nontoxic make it be widely used in aspects such as aerospace, ocean, medicine, nuclear energy engineering, petrochemical complex.In addition, the surface decoration of building trade, home appliances, galley equipment, automotive industry, office appliance etc. also adopts stainless steel, and the natural surface of its fineness can provide aesthetic feeling and clean feel.But stainless material in use, corrosion contamination takes place easily, therefore, people usually adopt some suitable surface treatment ways, as common stainless steel being carried out surface modification in surface coated one deck acrylic resin coating, improve its resistant anti-corrosion capability, to satisfy the high-grade and diversified ornamental requirement of people to material.The acrylic resin coating that is coated on stainless steel surface has that look shallow, and transparency height, look are just protected light, and light is plentiful, heat-resisting, strong adhesion, and characteristics such as tough and tensile, but the ageing-resistant performance of acrylic resin paint, ultraviolet-resistent property, and anti-fingerprint performance is good inadequately.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the ageing-resistant performance of existing stainless steel acrylic resin coating, and ultraviolet-resistent property, and anti-fingerprint performance is good inadequately, weather resistance and resistance to soiling can not satisfy people's service requirements.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: anti-soiling aging-resisting stainless steel paint, and by acrylic resin, film forming matter, filler, solvent and auxiliary agent mix, and film forming matter comprises fluorine resin, aqueous polyurethane, Resins, epoxy, and each weight ratio of constituents is: acrylic resin 40-50 part, fluorine resin 1-5 part, aqueous polyurethane 5-10 part, Resins, epoxy 5-10 part, filler 1-5 part, solvent 40-50 part, auxiliary agent 20-45 part.
For further reaching the purpose of antiultraviolet, be nano silicon in the filler of coating of the present invention, with the preferred 0.08-2 part of other coating composition weight ratio.Fluorine resin can significantly reduce surface tension, strengthens anti-fingerprint effect, preferred 0.2-1.5 part of fluorine resin weight ratio among the present invention.
The solvent of coating of the present invention is selected water, butanols or both mixtures for use, and environmental pollution is very little, is a kind of coating of environment-friendly type.Auxiliary agent comprises rust-preventive agent, flow agent, defoamer, dispersion agent, solidifying agent, with the weight ratio of other composition of coating is: rust-preventive agent 0.005-0.01 part, flow agent 0.005-0.01 part, defoamer 0.005-0.01 part, dispersion agent 0.01-0.05 part, solidifying agent 20-40 part.
The preparation method of coating of the present invention is: acrylic resin is prepared with emulsion method by following weight ratio: methyl methacrylate 10-15 part, methacrylic acid 20-40 part, butyl acrylate 5-10 part, vinyl cyanide 5-10 part, Hydroxyethyl acrylate 20-30 part, ammonium persulphate 1-2 part, butanols 20-30 part, acrylic resin is dissolved in the solvent, adds film forming matter, filler and auxiliary agent again, ball milling mixes.
In the coating preparation process, there is agglomeration traits in the filler nanometer silicon dioxide granule, for guaranteeing the homodisperse of nano-silicon dioxide particle in coating, need before the preparation coupling agent modified processing is carried out on the surface of Nano particles of silicon dioxide, be specially: the silane coupling agent pH value is transferred to 4-4.5 with oxalic acid, mix with nano silicon, with high-speed shearing machine mixture is distributed in the ethanol, stir, silane coupling agent weight is the 1/5-1/4 of nano silicon, and ethanol weight is 20-25 times of nano silicon.
Stainless steel paint of the present invention adopts nano silicon, fluorine resin carries out modification to acrylic coating, utilize the ultraviolet screener performance of nano silicon and the particle diameter of nano-scale particle, and the low surface tension of fluorine resin, make the acrylic resin that makes strengthen ageing-resistant ability and uvioresistant performance greatly, has longer work-ing life than existing common acrylic resin paint, better anti-fingerprint effect, be all to obtain very big lifting qualitatively with on the class, further enlarging its use range.
Embodiment
For strengthening the weather resistance and the stain resistance of stainless material, the invention provides a kind of environment-friendly type anti-soiling aging-resisting stainless steel paint and preparation method thereof.Coating is by acrylic resin, film forming matter, filler, solvent and auxiliary agent mix, film forming matter comprises fluorine resin, aqueous polyurethane, Resins, epoxy, each weight ratio of constituents is: acrylic resin 40-50 part, fluorine resin 1-5 part, aqueous polyurethane 5-10 part, Resins, epoxy 5-10 part, filler 1-5 part, solvent 40-50 part, auxiliary agent 20-45 part.Filler comprises nano silicon, and its size of particles is 20-40nm, and the preferred 0.08-2 part of weight ratio needs coupling agent modified processing is carried out on the surface of Nano particles of silicon dioxide before the preparation coating.
Acrylic resin of the present invention is prepared with emulsion method by following weight ratio: methyl methacrylate 10-15 part, methacrylic acid 20-40 part, butyl acrylate 5-10 part, vinyl cyanide 5-10 part, Hydroxyethyl acrylate 20-30 part, ammonium persulphate 1-2 part, butanols 20-30 part.Solvent adopts water, the mixture of butanols or fourth alcohol and water, auxiliary agent comprises rust-preventive agent, flow agent, defoamer, dispersion agent, solidifying agent, with the weight ratio of other composition of coating is: rust-preventive agent 0.005-0.01 part, flow agent 0.005-0.01 part, defoamer 0.005-0.01 part, dispersion agent 0.01-0.05 part, solidifying agent 20-40 part.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment explanation the present invention.
Before preparing stainless steel paint of the present invention, surperficial coupling agent modified being treated to of Nano particles of silicon dioxide: weigh silane coupling agent 1g, pH value is transferred to 4-4.5, weigh the 5g nano silicon with oxalic acid, with high-speed shearing machine nano silicon is distributed in the 100g ethanol, stirred 4 hours.
Fluorine resin is selected Daikin Industrial Co., Ltd tetrafluoroethylene for use; Resins, epoxy is CYD115 or the CYD127 of Ba Ling; Urethane is that the fertile chemical PUD of company limited 512, PUD515 are thought in Shanghai; Flow agent is the organosilicon flow agent, can select MS-132 for use, FLOW 300 or SER-AD FX 100 flow agents, and defoamer can be selected defoamer 7010 for use, defoamer 7501, or defoamer X-01; Dispersion agent can be EFKA-765, EFKA-701 or EFKA-66.
Embodiment 1
In the 100g acrylic resin, add 100g water, acrylic resin is dissolved fully after, add nano silicon 0.5g, add fluorine resin 10g again, aqueous polyurethane 15g, Resins, epoxy 15g, rust-preventive agent 0.005g, flow agent 0.005g, defoamer 0.005g, dispersion agent 0.01g, solidifying agent 30g, ball milling 1 hour mixes and gets final product.
Embodiment 2
In the 100g acrylic resin, add 50g water, the 50g butanols, after acrylic resin is dissolved fully, add nano silicon 1g, add fluorine resin 5g again, aqueous polyurethane 15g, Resins, epoxy 15g, zinc phosphate 0.005g, flow agent 0.005g, defoamer 0.005g, dispersion agent 0.01g, solidifying agent 30g, ball milling 1 hour mixes and gets final product.
Embodiment 3
In the 100g acrylic resin, add 100g water, acrylic resin is dissolved fully after, add nano silicon 2g, add fluorine resin 10g again, aqueous polyurethane 20g, Resins, epoxy 15g, zinc phosphate 0.005g, flow agent 0.005g, defoamer 0.005g, dispersion agent 0.01g, solidifying agent 30g, ball milling 1 hour mixes and gets final product.
Embodiment 4
In the 100g acrylic resin, add 100g water, acrylic resin is dissolved fully after, add nano silicon 3g, add fluorine resin 15g again, aqueous polyurethane 20g, Resins, epoxy 15g, rust-preventive agent 0.005g, flow agent 0.005g, defoamer 0.005g, dispersion agent 0.01g, solidifying agent 40g, ball milling 1 hour mixes and gets final product.
Embodiment 5
In the 100g acrylic resin, add the 100g propyl carbinol, acrylic resin is dissolved fully after, add nano silicon 1g, add fluorine resin 5g again, aqueous polyurethane 15g, Resins, epoxy 15g, zinc phosphate 0.005g, flow agent 0.005g, defoamer 0.005g, dispersion agent 0.01g, solidifying agent 30g, ball milling 1 hour mixes and gets final product.
Claims (10)
1. anti-soiling aging-resisting stainless steel paint is characterized in that by acrylic resin film forming matter, filler, solvent and auxiliary agent mix, and film forming matter comprises fluorine resin, aqueous polyurethane, Resins, epoxy, and each weight ratio of constituents is: acrylic resin 40-50 part, fluorine resin 1-5 part, aqueous polyurethane 5-10 part, Resins, epoxy 5-10 part, filler 1-5 part, solvent 40-50 part, auxiliary agent 20-45 part; Acrylic resin makes with emulsion method by following weight ratio: methyl methacrylate 10-15 part, methacrylic acid 20-40 part, butyl acrylate 5-10 part, vinyl cyanide 5-10 part, Hydroxyethyl acrylate 20-30 part, ammonium persulphate 1-2 part, butanols 20-30 part; Filler is a nano silicon.
2. stainless steel paint according to claim 1 is characterized in that the nano silicon weight ratio is 0.08-2 part.
3. stainless steel paint according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the fluorine resin weight ratio is 0.2-1.5 part.
4. stainless steel paint according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that solvent is water, butanols or both mixtures.
5. stainless steel paint according to claim 3 is characterized in that solvent is water, butanols or both mixtures.
6. stainless steel paint according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that auxiliary agent comprises rust-preventive agent, flow agent, defoamer, dispersion agent, solidifying agent, weight ratio is: rust-preventive agent 0.005-0.01 part, flow agent 0.005-0.01 part, defoamer 0.005-0.01 part, dispersion agent 0.01-0.05 part, solidifying agent 20-40 part.
7. stainless steel paint according to claim 4, it is characterized in that auxiliary agent comprises rust-preventive agent, flow agent, defoamer, dispersion agent, solidifying agent, weight ratio is: rust-preventive agent 0.005-0.01 part, flow agent 0.005-0.01 part, defoamer 0.005-0.01 part, dispersion agent 0.01-0.05 part, solidifying agent 20-40 part.
8. the preparation method of stainless steel paint according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that acrylic resin is dissolved in the solvent, adds film forming matter, filler and auxiliary agent again, and ball milling mixes.
9. the preparation method of stainless steel paint according to claim 8 is characterized in that before the nano silicon use in the filler coupling agent modified processing being carried out on the surface.
10. the preparation method of stainless steel paint according to claim 9, the modification that it is characterized in that nano silicon is treated to: with oxalic acid the silane coupling agent pH value is transferred to 4-4.5, mix with nano silicon, with high-speed shearing machine mixture is distributed in the ethanol, stir, silane coupling agent weight is the 1/5-1/4 of nano silicon, and ethanol weight is 20-25 times of nano silicon.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100193140A CN101215438B (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2008-01-03 | Anti-fouling and anti-aging stainless steel coating and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100193140A CN101215438B (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2008-01-03 | Anti-fouling and anti-aging stainless steel coating and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101215438A CN101215438A (en) | 2008-07-09 |
| CN101215438B true CN101215438B (en) | 2010-12-08 |
Family
ID=39621951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100193140A Active CN101215438B (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2008-01-03 | Anti-fouling and anti-aging stainless steel coating and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101215438B (en) |
Families Citing this family (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0921629A2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2016-01-05 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | antifouling coating composition comprising nanoparticles |
| CN101857756B (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-07-25 | 内蒙古兴泰建筑有限责任公司 | Fire-retardant paint with steel structure |
| CN102167947A (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-08-31 | 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 | Waterborne anticorrosive primer acrylic resin composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN102808148B (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2016-03-30 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of touch screen surface anti-fingerprint film |
| CN102602079B (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2014-12-17 | 海门市森达装饰材料有限公司 | A kind of antifouling, anti-fingerprint stainless steel plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN102618104A (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2012-08-01 | 苏州恒强不锈钢材料有限公司 | Fingerprint resistant coating, fingerprint resistant stainless steel plate and method for preparing fingerprint resistant stainless steel plate |
| CN103205153B (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-09-10 | 东莞市奥百通纳米科技有限公司 | Nano buffering aid used in coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN103224747B (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2016-04-13 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of nanometer thickened pulp modification corrosion-resistant conductive coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN103614016B (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2016-01-20 | 蚌埠学院 | A kind of water-based antirust agent |
| CN104356709A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-18 | 佛山富多化工科技有限公司 | Paint capable of preventing metal surface fingerprints and use method thereof |
| CN104804494A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-29 | 陈良伢 | A kind of high antifouling UV photocuring coating |
| CN105368290B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-04-17 | 重庆卡勒斯通科技有限公司 | A kind of nano flame retardant coating and its preparation process |
| CN105440828A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-03-30 | 王丽萍 | Environment-friendly antirust coating for metal products |
| CN105440847A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-03-30 | 江苏工程职业技术学院 | Color change-preventing and wear-resistant protective agent of automotive interior metal zipper |
| CN108970947A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2018-12-11 | 派瑞格医疗器械（常州）有限公司 | The surface nylon coated method of Medical device box bracket |
| CN105820703A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-03 | 湖州新奥克化工有限公司 | Water-based transparent weather-resisting paint for thermos cups |
| CN105802449B (en) * | 2016-05-01 | 2018-09-14 | 深圳市中科宏业科技有限公司 | Aquosity heat insulating heat preserving anticorrosive paint and preparation method thereof |
| CN106010068A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-12 | 刘洪建 | Steel wire thread sleeve coating |
| CN106009988A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-12 | 苏州市奎克力电子科技有限公司 | Fingerprint-resistant oil-resistant screen protective film |
| CN106352868B (en) * | 2016-08-13 | 2019-05-07 | 广东美嘉欣创新科技股份有限公司 | The method of acquisition for mobile terminal navigation picture |
| CN106544710B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-03-27 | 西华大学 | A kind of anti-corrosion anti-bacteria stainless steel plate of anti-soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN106867386B (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2019-09-06 | 朱正和 | A kind of high-adhesion capacitor aluminum shell film coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN107216786A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-09-29 | 巢湖市荷花渔网有限公司 | A kind of natural antifouling paint of fishing net |
| CN111032789B (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2022-09-13 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Adhesive composition, anchor body, and method for producing anchor body |
| CN108754512B (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2020-11-27 | 安徽信达家居有限公司 | Surface treatment method of stainless steel raw material for manufacturing doors and windows |
| CN109880414A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-06-14 | 海安南京大学高新技术研究院 | A kind of preparation method of chromium plating stainless steel surface anti-fingerprint paint |
| WO2020237440A1 (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | 河北比尔尼克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Water-based paint for outdoor equipment, preparation method therefor and application thereof, and water-based paint for transportation vehicles, preparation method therefor and application thereof |
| CN110317511A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-11 | 苏州大林金属制品有限公司 | A kind of resistance and fingerprint resistance layer and preparation method for shelf |
| CN111644361A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-11 | 肇庆宏旺金属实业有限公司 | Processing method of nano anti-fingerprint stainless steel |
| CN113736347B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-09-20 | 华南理工大学 | Nano antibacterial epoxy resin coating for stainless steel water supply pipe and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113652130B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-11-15 | 苏州同构科技有限公司 | Acid rain-proof infrared reflection coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN114957925A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-30 | 重庆大学 | Epoxy resin composite insulating medium of single-component ultraviolet photosensitive microcapsule, preparation method and application |
| CN115141980A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-04 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Galvanized fingerprint-resistant coated steel sheet for high-speed good coating with high surface energy and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-01-03 CN CN2008100193140A patent/CN101215438B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101215438A (en) | 2008-07-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101215438B (en) | Anti-fouling and anti-aging stainless steel coating and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103173087B (en) | Anticorrosion Antistatic Paint of a kind of water-and acrylate Graft Epoxy Resin and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105295623A (en) | Outdoor waterproof coating material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102850878A (en) | Weather-resistant exterior wall paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102602079B (en) | A kind of antifouling, anti-fingerprint stainless steel plate and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112063249A (en) | Artistic paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107163812B (en) | A kind of extra-weather-proof corrosion-resistant engineering machinery finishing coat of low VOC and preparation method | |
| CN104231901B (en) | A kind of aqueous elastic handfeel paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103980788B (en) | True stone exterior coating of a kind of aqueous environment protection silicon third and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103360874A (en) | Waterborne exterior-wall paint and its preparation method | |
| CN105176172A (en) | Water-based anticorrosive paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102532577A (en) | A method for preparing superhydrophobic surface by supercritical CO2 rapid expansion method | |
| CN103694833A (en) | Nanometer-modified high-stain-resistance elastic galling coating | |
| CN104910712A (en) | High-gloss water-based gloss oil and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102181194B (en) | Environment-friendly anti-scaling nano-ceramic membrane coating and preparation method of the environment-friendly anti-scaling nano-ceramic membrane coating | |
| CN104530858A (en) | Water-based anticorrosive coating added with nanometer TiO2 | |
| CN105778692B (en) | Matte gloss clear finish paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102477242A (en) | Aqueous rust resisting paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102676009B (en) | Anionic ecological multicolour paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104263146A (en) | Water-soluble electroplating glazing oil and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN101974281B (en) | Anticorrosive emulsion paint | |
| CN106833200B (en) | Impact-resistant high-weather-resistance water-based industrial coating and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103073966A (en) | A super strong anti-fouling soft light wall paint | |
| CN111154369A (en) | Single-component water-based acrylic primer-topcoat paint and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104962179B (en) | It is a kind of suitable for priming paint of antitheft door and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: 226100 No. 18, tongqi Road, Sanxing Town, Haimen District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Nantong Haimen Senda Decoration Material Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Nanjing University Address before: 226111 Jiangsu Province Haimen Tianbu Industrial Park Patentee before: HAIMEN SENDA DECORATION MATERIAL Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Nanjing University |
|
| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |