CN101188374A

CN101188374A - Dual rotor electromagnetic machine control

Info

Publication number: CN101188374A
Application number: CNA2007101653039A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗纳德·迪安·布莱纳
Original assignee: Deere and Co
Current assignee: Deere and Co
Priority date: 2006-10-26
Filing date: 2007-10-26
Publication date: 2008-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 2027-10-26
Also published as: CN101188374B; US7797815B2; TWI411198B; US20080100168A1; EP1916758A3; TW200919905A; CN101174782B; BRPI0706124A; BRPI0704040A; JP5330671B2; EP1916758A2; JP2008109852A; US20080098588A1; US7576465B2; JP2008182875A; CN101174782A

Abstract

Disclosed is a control on dual rotors electromagnetical machine, the invention relates to an electric synchronous machine is provided with a housing, a first and second shafts rotatably supported in the housing, a first and second rotors which are fixed correspondingly on the first and second shafts and both have permanent magnet field poles; a first annular stator inside the housing for surrounding the first rotor and a second annular stator inside the housing for surrounding the second rotor which both have stator coils wound through; and a planetary gear device coupled between the first and second shafts and operable during rotation of the first and second shafts to adjust an angular orientation of the second shaft with respect to the first shaft. The inventive electric synchronous machine has a simple mechanism capable of adjusting the relative angle displacement of rotors with low cost and capable of bearing high torque load during the operation of the electric synchronous machine.

Description

The control of dual rotor electromagnetic machine

The cross reference related application

This name that to be Peter Lonard Dean Bu Laina (Ronald D Bremner) submit on October 26th, 2006 is called the continuation-in-part application that " dual rotor electromagnetic machine ", application number are 11/588546 patent application, and their inventor is identical.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of brushless permanent magnet electromotor and generator, relate in particular to those such as the motor and the generator that must in the wide cut velocity interval, turn round that are used in hybrid vehicle or the motor instrument.

Background technology

Brushless permanent magnet electromotor has and the proportional back electromotive force of its speed.When high speed, the back electromotive force of described motor may be up to surpassing the power that can give.When surpassing this speed, must increase extra current to weaken the magnetic field of motor.Here it is " the magnetic field reduction " often said, and this is in 5677605 the United States Patent (USP) description to be arranged transferring the patent No. that excellent Buddhist nun restrains mobile (UniqueMobility) Co., Ltd.This electric current causes power loss and produces heat, also needs this electronic installation to increase electric capacity.

Application number is that 6998757 United States Patent (USP) has been described a scheme that addresses this problem, and wherein a kind of many rotors synchronous machine comprises the outside that is arranged on stator core and first and second rotors on inner surface.Be installed in the relatively rotating of described first and second rotors of mechanism controls of described second internal rotor.The patent No. is that 4739201 United States Patent (USP) has been described a kind of electromagnetism machine with two rotors, the angled ground of described rotor mutually displacement reducing torque ripple, but not have description can control the mechanism of the relative angle of displacement between described two rotors.The patent No. is that 6975055 United States Patent (USP) has been described another kind of electromagnetism machine with two rotors, and wherein said two rotors with field magnet are spun on the screw rod.

Yet above-mentioned these motors all do not have a kind of mechanism that is used to regulate the rotor relative angular displacement, and this mechanism should be simply, cheaply, and this mechanism can operate and can carry the high torque (HT) load when described motor rotation.A plurality of rotors of back electromotive force are provided when in addition, these motors all do not use mutual 180 degree to arrange.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of dual rotor electromagnetic machine, it has a kind of mechanism of simple and cheap adjusting rotor relative angular displacement.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of dual rotor electromagnetic machine, and it has a kind of mechanism that can operate when described machine moves.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of dual rotor electromagnetic machine, and it has a kind of mechanism that can carry the high torque (HT) load.

The technical scheme that realizes above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is as follows: a kind of synchronous machine comprises shell and rotatably is supported on the interior a pair of axle of this housing; The first rotor is fixed on first with rotatable; Second rotor is fixed on second with rotatable, and two rotors are loaded with the permanent magnet field pole; First annular stator is installed in the described shell and surrounds described the first rotor; Second annular stator is installed in the described shell and surrounds described second rotor, and two stators respectively have winding stator coil thereon; One separated is opened described first and second stators; One bindiny mechanism is connected to described first and second and this bindiny mechanism and can operates in described first and second rotary courses, to regulate location, described second described relatively angle of first.

Described bindiny mechanism is an epicyclic gearing, its have be connected to first described first central gear, be connected to described second secondary sun wheel, be connected to described first central gear first planetary gearsets, be connected to second planetary gearsets of described secondary sun wheel, rotatably support described first and second planetary gearsets planet carrier, be fixed on the described shell and with the fixed gear ring of described first planetary gearsets engagement, and by described housing support rotationally and with the movable gear ring of described second planetary gearsets engagement.

A kind of method of controlling synchronous machine comprises: determine the arrangement angle between satisfactory two rotors, described two rotors respectively have different length and respectively have the magnet that at least one team is installed in its outer rim; In motor operation course, utilize epicyclic gearing to change angular displacement between described two rotors in this motor automatically to satisfactory arrangement angle.Described angular displacement be 0 the degree (being that described two rotors are aimed at mutually) can make the back electromotive force under the base speed equal angular displacement be 180 the degree (being described two complete misalignments of rotor) back electromotive force under a maximum speed.

A kind of method of making synchronous machine comprises: when given concrete motor when a rotor is arranged, pre-determine total rotor length of this given concrete motor; The different length of determining each rotor in two rotors according to the base speed and the maximal rate of given concrete expectation.Described synchronous machine is manufactured with the different rotor length of definite difference.Described different respectively rotor length is calculated according to following formula:

Δ=base speed/maximal rate, and

The first rotor length=total the rotor length of (0.5+ Δ/2) *

Second rotor length=total the rotor length of (0.5-Δ/2) *

For the given rated voltage of at least one motor apparatus that drives described motor, determine that according to the back electromotive force under base speed first quantity of coil, described synchronous machine are manufactured with first quantity of described definite coil.Equally, if second quantity of coil is according to having a rotor or have two equal length and the back electromotive force that is under the maximal rate of synchronous machine of the rotor that 0 degree arranges is determined, then requiring first quantity of described coil to increase from second quantity; Thereby the increase of coil quantity has reduced the current demand of described motor.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the perspective view after the described electromagnetism machine of the embodiment of the invention is removed end plate;

Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of electromagnetism machine shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of 3-3 along the line among Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of 4-4 along the line among Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is the end-view of electromagnetism machine shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 6 is the perspective view of the rotor arrangement of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is the perspective view of the described electromagnetism machine of the embodiment of the invention, and described electromagnetism machine uses solenoid to change the relative angle position of described rotor;

Fig. 8 is a flow chart of determining the control logic at displacement angle;

Fig. 9 is the flow chart of displacement subprogram;

Figure 10 is the flow chart of displacement subprogram;

Figure 11 A is the flow chart of the control logic of embodiments of the invention;

Figure 11 B is the calcspar of the system of the embodiment of the invention; And

Figure 12 is the flow chart of the control logic of embodiments of the invention;

Figure 13 is a process chart of making synchronous machine.

Specific embodiments

With reference to figure 1, the synchronous electromagnetism machine 10 of the described many rotors of the embodiment of the invention has shell, and this shell comprises first end cap 12, center housing 14 and second end cap 16; A planet gear mechanism 20 is given prominence to and surrounded to cylindrical raceway 18 by the end of described second end cap 16; Actuator 22 with worm gear 24 is connected to described seat ring 18.

With reference to figure 2, cover 30 and overcoat 32 in center housing 14 has.End plate 19 covers on described seat ring 18.Outer surface at interior cover 30 is formed with some water cooling passageways 34, and described water cooling passageway 34 is covered and sealing by described overcoat 32.Preferably, cover 30 has T shape transverse shape and is made by the Heat Conduction Material such as aluminium.Cover 30 has annular center leg 31, and this leg 31 is inwardly radially outstanding by the inner surface of cylindrical edge 33.End cap 12 has centre bore 36.End plate 19 forms central blind hole 38.Bearing 40 is installed in the described hole 36, and bearing 42 is installed in the described hole 38, thereby rotatably supports biaxial device 44.

Shaft device 44 comprises the first hollow outer shaft 46 and the second solid interior axle 48.Comprise for second 48 than major diameter part 50 and rotatably admit first 46 smaller diameter portion 52.The described of axle 48 rotatably supported by bearing 40 than major diameter part 50, and an end 53 of smaller diameter portion 52 is rotatably supported by bearing 42.Extend through first 46 to the end 53 than major diameter part 50, this end 53 axle heads of export-oriented first 46 are outstanding.Bearing sleeve 49 near connecting axle 48 than the inner of support hollow axle 46 rotatably, the junction of major diameter part and smaller diameter portion.

Hollow ring stator

54 and 56 is coaxial and non-rotatably be installed in described enclosure with shaft device 44, and preferably forms with the electrical steel manufacturing.One conventional hollow ring coil device 58 non-rotatably is installed in described

stator

54 and 56 inside, and it is also coaxial with shaft device 44.

The first rotor 60 becomes an integral body with described first 46 or is mounted and fixed on described first 46 with rotatable.Second rotor 62 with described second 48 than major diameter part 50 become one whole or be mounted and fixed on described second 48 than on the major diameter part 50 with rotatable, described second rotor 62 is axially spaced with described the first rotor 60; One air gap with

stator apparatus

54 and 56 and

rotor

60 and 62 separate.

Annular electro magnetic induction ring 61 is installed in the outer end face place of close rotor 60 on the axle 46.Annular electro magnetic induction ring 63 is installed in the outer end face place of close rotor 62 on the axle 50.Described annular electro

magnetic induction ring

61 and 63 is conventional inductance loops and can be used for providing it to be installed in the signal of the position on the axle.Preferably, this motor has 3 phase windings.One controller (not shown) according to the induction the axle the position delivered current to this winding.

With reference to figure 2 and 5, epicyclic gearing 20 by seat ring 18 around.First central gear 72 that the outer end that described epicyclic gearing 20 is included in first 46 forms and the secondary sun wheel 74 of installing and be fixed on described interior 48 end 53 by spline wedge (not shown).Central gear 72 preferably has identical internal diameter with 74.Rotatable planet carrier 75 comprises several rows prong dagger 76.First group of planetary gear 78 is rotatably installed on the described post 76 and meshes with the tooth with first central gear 72.Second group of planetary gear 82 is rotatably installed on the described post 76 near described planetary gear 78 and sentences engagement with central gear 74.Fixed gear ring 84 is fixed to the inner surface of seat ring 18 and meshes with described first planetary gear 78.Movable gear ring 86 is rotatably installed on the described seat ring 18 near fixed gear ring 84 places.Movable gear ring 86 and described second group of planetary gear, 82 engagements.The worm gear 24 of actuator 22 meshes with the tooth that movable gear ring 86 outer surfaces form.

As shown in Figure 3, described the first rotor 60 comprises ring-shaped rotor spare 90 and is installed in several permanent magnets 91-96 of its outer rim,

permanent magnet

91,93 and 95 north magnetic pole direction radial outward,

permanent magnet

92,94 and 96 lay respectively at

permanent magnet

91,93 and 95 adjacent in twos between the magnet, and their south magnetic pole direction radial outward.Therefore, around the outer rim of rotor 60, the magnet that the pole orientation of each magnet is adjacent or to rotate the pole orientation of the corresponding magnet of 180 degree opposite.Each rotor has at least one pair of magnet and this north magnetic pole direction radial outward to first magnet in the magnet, and the south magnetic pole direction radial outward of second magnet.Described this to first and second magnets in the magnet be installed into 180 the degree spaced apart.For surpassing pair of magnets, its magnet installing and locating mode similarly and evenly spaced apart with other right magnet, so the magnetic pole of radial outward will be even isolated manyly changing between north and south poles between to magnet of surrounding this rotor.

As shown in Figure 4, second rotor 62 comprises ring-shaped rotor spare 100 and is installed in several permanent magnets 101-106 of its outer rim, permanent magnet 101,103 and 105 north magnetic pole direction radial outward, permanent magnet 102,104 and 106 lay respectively at permanent magnet 101,103 and 105 adjacent in twos between the magnet, and their south magnetic pole direction radial outward.Therefore, around the outer rim of rotor 62, the magnet that the pole orientation of each magnet is adjacent or to rotate the pole orientation of the corresponding magnet of 180 degree opposite.Preferably, described permanent magnet 91-96 has identical angular breadth with described permanent magnet 101-106, and they also can have identical axial length.

As shown in Figure 2,

stator

54 and 56 is by axially spaced, and the gap between them or at interval the leg 31 of quilt cover 30 fills, formation cooling passage 35 is to conduct heat therefrom in leg 31.With reference to figure 3 and Fig. 4, the leg 31 of cover 30 inwardly radially extends and comprises some slits 37 again, and each slit is admitted the corresponding coil of coil device 58.Therefore, all parts except the inner that described leg 31 surrounds coil device 58 are so conducted heat effectively by described coil device 58.

Described

rotor

60 and 62 rotates with electromotor velocity.As shown in Figure 6, when base speed is following, rotor 60 with 62 mutually guiding in case they separately magnet 91-96 and the north of 101-106 radially have identical arrangement with south magnetic pole.This causes each coil segment to produce maximum back electromotive force.When base speed was above, by rotation gear ring 86,

rotor

60 and 62 was had a mind to mutual misalignment.For example, counterclockwise rotate gear ring 86 as shown in Figure 1, with relative the first rotor 60 turn clockwise central gear 74, axle 48 and second rotor 62.Utilize epicyclic gearing 20, can change and control the arrangement of described

rotor

60 and 62 when these motor 10 operations, described epicyclic gearing 20 can withstand high power and level of torque running.

Preferably,

rotor

60 and 62 one of them and magnets mounted thereto are longer than another rotor and magnet mounted thereto at axial direction.For example, in Fig. 2, rotor 62 is axially than rotor 60 long 55%-45%.Therefore, under base speed,

rotor

60 and 62 is aimed at arrangement as shown in Figure 6, and the back electromotive force of institute's combination is with maximum (100%).

Rotor

60 and 62 misalignment have reduced the sum of described back electromotive force.So under identical speed, if the complete misalignment of described rotor, the back electromotive force of institute's combination will be 10% of a maximum (55%-45%).At 10 times during to described base speed, if the complete misalignment of described rotor, the back electromotive force of institute's combination will be 100% of a maximum under the base speed (10 * (55-45)).

Selectively, if each epitrochanterian magnet has identical size and dimension and has identical magnetic property, described rotor can be by fully misalignment (for the rotor that is loaded with 6 magnets with 60 degree), or makes arctic of rotor 60 aim at the South Pole of rotor 62, will not have back electromotive force to produce.Therefore, described motor 10 can be configured to not produce back-emf voltage in the overspeed process, thereby prevents the short circuit of overvoltage and coil device 58.

One embodiment of the present of invention in motor operation course, are lower than and are higher than base speed, and the displacement of controlling described rotor is to reach the back-emf voltage (if there is) of aspiration level.The displacement of controlling described rotor comprises the described rotor of control arrangement position each other.Described base speed can be optional speed, produces maximum acceptable back electromotive force under this speed when described rotor alignment.

When this base speed is following, described rotor will be aimed at mutually, and therefore the arctic of described the first rotor is aimed at the arctic of second rotor.If described rotor is aligned, surpassed this base speed, then affiliated motor will produce the more back electromotive force that surpasses desired value.Therefore, when surpassing this base speed, described rotor will be shifted so that described anti-electronic maintenance constant.Commercially available motor controller does not require constant back electromotive force.Yet, in an embodiment of the present invention, have the described controller of quite constant back electromotive force tolerable and use lower current work.

If described rotor has equal lengths,, described rotor will become 0 when being aligned to 180 described back electromotive force when spending.Yet, if described rotor is not isometric,, can calculate described rotor by following formula when being aligned to 180 described back electromotive force when spending:

Δ = \frac{| a - b |}{a + b}

V ₁₈₀＝V ₀Δ

Wherein:

Δ is the back electromotive force ratio, is calculated by rotor length

A is the length of the first rotor

B is the length of second rotor

V ₀Be that 0 degree is aimed at the back electromotive force when arranging

V ₁₈₀Be that 180 degree are aimed at the back electromotive force when arranging

Draw from above-mentioned, the preferred length of described rotor can calculate according to base speed and maximal rate.This velocity rate can be by following formula definition:

R _Speed=(base speed/maximal rate)

R wherein _SpeedIt is velocity rate.If R _SpeedBe set as and equal Δ, and described arrangement angle is set as and equals 180, the back electromotive force under maximal rate will be identical with the back electromotive force of aiming at the rotor of arranging under base speed.

Draw from above, the length of a and b can be calculated by following formula:

The first rotor length=total the rotor length of (0.5+ Δ/2) *

Second rotor length=total the rotor length of (0.5-Δ/2) *

For the given concrete synchronous machine that only has a rotor, by calculate in advance total rotor length configurable, design and make a kind of synchronous machine.Can calculate the different length of each rotor according to given base speed and maximal rate.The length of the first rotor adds that the summation of the length of second rotor equals precalculated total rotor length.

A mathematics identity is arranged:

asinx+bsin(x+α)＝csin(x+β)

Wherein

c = \sqrt{a^{2} + b^{2} + 2 ab \cos α}

β = \arctan (\frac{b \sin α}{a + b \cos α})

Wherein

A is the amplitude of the primary sinusoid

B is the amplitude of second sine wave

C is the amplitude of sine wave as a result

α is the phase angle between the primary sinusoid and second sine wave

Above-mentioned β relational expression is not used in the system of preferred embodiment.

In one embodiment, the amplitude of the length of affiliated rotor and described sine wave is proportional.Therefore, " a " equals the total length of the length of the first rotor divided by two rotors.In other words, if the long 50mm of the first rotor, the long 50mm of second rotor, then a=50/100=0.50.If the long 30mm of the first rotor, the long 70mm of second rotor, then a=50/100=0.30." b " equals the total length of the length of second rotor divided by two rotors.In a preferred embodiment, " a " and " b " is defined by " a " and adds " b " and be constantly equal to 1.

Have the situation of equal length, a=b=0.50 for two rotors:

α is the angle of a rotor with respect to the displacement of second rotor.Which rotor was shifted before another rotor all has no relations.

C will determine the quantity of the back electromotive force that motor produces, and be aligned its quantity with the back electromotive force of generation of arrangement with two rotors and compare.Find out that from above-mentioned identity the maximum of c equals 1 and occur in some cos α=1, α=0.

If the speed of service of motor is slower than this base speed, c will be made as and equal 1, and described rotor will be arranged aligning, have the displacement angle of 0 degree.If the speed of service of motor is faster than this base speed, back electromotive force will reduce.

For the magneto of standard, back electromotive force is based on following equation:

E＝K _Eω _m

Wherein E is a back electromotive force,

K _EBe voltage constant, and

ω _mIt is electromotor velocity.

When the speed of described motor was higher than this base speed, for the described motor of this embodiment, aforesaid equation can be modified to following equation:

E＝c(ω)K _Eω _m

Wherein E is constant back electromotive force, and

C (ω) is variable, is calculated as follows:

c(ω)＝ω _b/ω _m

ω wherein _bIt is the base speed of described motor.

Above-mentioned identity can be processed into following equation:

c ²＝a ²+b ²+2abcosα

2abcosα＝c ²-(a ²+b ²)

\cos α = \frac{c^{2} - (a^{2} + b^{2})}{2 ab}

∴

α = \arccos (\frac{c^{2} - (a^{2} + b^{2})}{2 ab})

When electromotor velocity changes above base speed, c will reduce by aforesaid equation.The anticosine value of the value in the bracket will provide the angle that described rotor need be adjusted arrangement.

In one embodiment, the calculating of anticosine value is to be undertaken by processor when described machine moves.In another embodiment, use the question blank of carrying out the calculating generation in advance according to the speed of described motor.Described question blank has the expected angle of the increment that is used for electromotor velocity, need adjust aligning to meet the back electromotive force of expectation at this angle rotor.

In another embodiment, the angle of displacement of the expectation of rotor is that back electromotive force according to the induction of described motor calculates.This can realize by using the back electromotive force of measuring described motor such as the A/D current transformer.When the back electromotive force of described motor is higher than back electromotive force under the base speed, the angle of displacement of expectation will increase up to described back electromotive force and be corrected.In the embodiment of an induction back electromotive force, can remove one or two rotor-position sensors described here.

No matter be that angular displacement between described rotor is calculated by processor when motor moves, or it is definite by question blank, or determine that by the back electromotive force of measuring described motor the form input that described calculated value requires with actuator is so that described rotor changes formation according to this calculated value.Described actuator received signal is also reacted to this signal, changes the relative angle position of described rotor.

In the embodiment of a mutual relative angle position of control rotor, a gear ring is fixed, and second gear ring is rotatable.Arrange described rotor by rotating described rotatable gear ring, this gear ring can rotate by cylinder, and cylinder action one torque is on described gear ring.Described cylinder can be hydraulic pressure, air pressure or electric cylinder.Fig. 7 represents to have the structure of the gear ring that can pass through cylinder 701 adjustings.

Selectively, described gear can rotate by the worm gear with this gears engaged, and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have represented a kind of structure with described gear ring.Described actuator 22 drives described worm gear 24.

A kind of method of controlling synchronous machine comprises: determine the arrangement angle between satisfactory two rotors, described two rotors respectively have different axial lengths and respectively have the magnet that at least one team is installed in its outer rim; In motor operation course, change angular displacement between described two rotors in this motor automatically to satisfactory arrangement angle.Described satisfactory arrangement angle is that one of them calculates at least according to the speed of motor and back electromotive force.At least one of them is used to carry out aforementioned calculation to the back electromotive force of one processor, a question blank and an induction.Whether the speed that described method also can need to determine described motor greater than a base speed, and satisfactory arrangement angle when determining that speed when motor is greater than this base speed.Control the back electromotive force of corresponding motor speed by the angular displacement between two rotors in the described motor of automatic change.But when motor speed increased from this base speed, last back electromotive force and motor kept constant at the basic back electromotive force that this base speed operation produces.

A kind of system that controls synchronous machine, comprise: a transducer, be used to respond to the current state of described motor, wherein said current state comprises the back electromotive force of speed, motor of motor and the arrangement angle between two rotors wherein one of at least, and described two rotors respectively have different axial lengths and respectively have the magnet that at least one pair of is installed in its outer rim; And an actuator, be used at described machine running process changing the angular displacement between two rotors in the described machine automatically to receiving reaction according to the current state input.The back electromotive force of described motor is controlled according to the angular displacement between automatic two rotors that change in the described machine of the present speed of motor by actuator.

A kind of system that controls synchronous machine comprises the control logic that is used for determining to have according to the speed of motor satisfactory arrangement angle between two rotors of different axial lengths; And an actuator, being used for according to the satisfactory arrangement angle of determining, the variation to speed in described machine running process is reacted, and changes the angular displacement between two rotors in the described machine automatically.If the speed of described motor is greater than a base speed, then this control logic is determined satisfactory arrangement angle, and described actuator changes angular displacement automatically to the change action-reaction of speed above this base speed.The back electromotive force of described motor is controlled according to the angular displacement between automatic two rotors that change in the described machine of the present speed of motor by actuator.

Fig. 8 how determined flow chart in angle of representing to be shifted.Handle beginning 801, whether the speed of determining described motor is greater than a base speed 802.If, just calculating " c " as the back electromotive force ratio, it equals base speed divided by electromotor velocity 803.In step 804, use constant " a " and " b " expression one given motor.These constants can be obtained by the manufacturer of this motor.Constant " a " is rotor 1 ratio, and it equals rotor 1 length divided by total length.Constant " b " is rotor 2 ratios, and it equals 1-" a ".In step 806, by said method calculated permutations angle.Processing procedure will proceed to arrangement subprogram 810 shown in Figure 9.Yet, return step 802, if the speed of described motor is not more than this base speed, enter step 807, arrangement angle equals zero.Processing procedure will proceed to arrangement subprogram 810 shown in Figure 9.

Fig. 9 is the flow chart of arranging subprogram 810 and how measuring systematic error.In step 811 and 812, import the electrical degree of rotor 1 and the electrical degree of input rotor 2 respectively.In step 814, the electrical degree that deducts rotor 2 by the electrical degree with rotor 1 obtains relative position.In the step 815, obtain described error by deduct relative position with arrangement angle.Processing procedure is proceeded the subprogram that is shifted, step 820.

Figure 10 is that displacement subprogram 820 reaches the flow chart that how described displacement takes place when error is known.Decision block 822 determines that whether the absolute value of described error is greater than described magnetic hysteresis band.If not, then program withdraws from step 826.If whether described angle of displacement is too little then to determine 823.If increase this angle of displacement in then carry out step 825.If not, reduce described angle of displacement carrying out step 824.Program withdraws from step 826 then.

Figure 11 A is the flow chart of an embodiment.A kind of method of controlling synchronous machine comprises: determine the arrangement angle 210 between satisfactory two rotors, described two rotors respectively have different axial lengths and respectively have the magnet that at least one team is installed in its outer rim; In motor operation course, change angular displacement between described two rotors in this motor automatically to satisfactory arrangement angle 212.Described satisfactory arrangement angle is that one of them calculates at least according to the speed 201 of motor and back electromotive force 202.At least one of them is used to carry out aforementioned calculation to the back electromotive force 213 of one processor 211, a question blank 212 and an induction.Described method can need also to determine that whether the speed of described motor is greater than a base speed 220.If not, described angular displacement is adjusted to or remains on 0 degree 223.If speed greater than base speed, then changes angular displacement 222.Control the back electromotive force of corresponding motor speed by the angular displacement between two rotors in the described motor of automatic change.But when motor speed increased from this base speed, last back electromotive force and motor kept constant at the basic back electromotive force that this base speed operation produces.

Figure 11 B is the calcspar of a preferred embodiment.A kind of system 240 that controls synchronous machine, comprise: a transducer 250, be used to respond to the current state of described motor, wherein said current state comprises the back electromotive force 252 of speed 251, motor of motor and the arrangement angle 253 between two rotors wherein one of at least, and described two rotors respectively have different axial lengths and respectively have the magnet that at least one pair of is installed in its outer rim; And an actuator 260, be used at described machine running process changing the angular displacement between two rotors in the described machine automatically to receiving reaction according to the current state input.The back electromotive force of described motor is controlled according to the angular displacement between automatic two rotors that change in the described machine of the present speed of motor by actuator.

A kind of system 240 that controls synchronous machine 280 also can comprise the control logic 270 that is used for determining to have according to the speed of motor satisfactory arrangement angle between two rotors of different axial lengths; And an actuator 260, being used for according to the satisfactory arrangement angle of determining, the variation to speed in described machine running process is reacted, and changes the angular displacement between two rotors in the described machine automatically.If the speed of described motor is greater than a base speed, then this control logic 270 is determined satisfactory arrangement angle, and 260 pairs of speed of described actuator change angular displacement automatically above the change action-reaction of this base speed.The back electromotive force of described motor is controlled according to the angular displacement between automatic two rotors that change in the described machine of the present speed of motor by actuator.

Figure 12 is the flow chart that is used for the control logic of the embodiment of the invention.Described control logic is responded to and be transfused to the speed of described motor by transducer 901, and described control logic determines whether described speed surpasses a base speed 903.If not, this speed continues sensed 901 up to being determined above a base speed 903.If surpassed base speed, then this control logic determines that the relative rotation of rotor is to obtain satisfactory angular displacement 905.Described definite can making by calculating use microcode, code instructions and processor provided herein perhaps uses the question blank that produces in advance for given motor to make.According to input, described control logic determines whether described rotor needs to adjust to reach satisfactory angular displacement 907.If not, step 901 is just returned in this control.If a signal is transferred into a controller, this controller rotates the rotor position, angle 909 of another rotor relatively according to the angular displacement of determining.Measure back electromotive force 911.Described control logic is determined whether satisfactory level 913 of measured back electromotive force.If not, the relative angular displacement of described rotor is adjusted 909 and control return measurement back electromotive force 911.If described back electromotive force is confirmed as reaching requirement level 913, then control is returned step 903 to determine whether described speed surpasses base speed 903.

Figure 13 is a process chart of making synchronous machine.Comprise the input 951 of size in the specification of reception about given synchronous machine.Determine total rotor length 961 for a rotor of given concrete motor.Reception is about the input 952 of the given base speed and the maximal rate of given synchronous machine.According to this input 952 with according to total rotor length 961 of determining, determine the different rotor length 962 of rotor 1 and rotor 2.Receive the input 953 of the given rated voltage of at least one equipment that drives this motor.Thus, determine the quantity 963 of the coil that under base speed, needs.One has that the synchronous machine of different rotor length and quantification coil is manufactured to come out 970.

The usefulness of the embodiment of above-mentioned rotor with different axial lengths is: when the complete misalignment of described rotor, two rotors that promptly respectively have pair of magnets are arranged with 180 degree, and described synchronous machine can provide back electromotive force.

The usefulness of the foregoing description also is: described motor, promptly synchronous machine needs quite few electric current in the time of can being designed on low speed.If the structure of given rotor and stator, the quantity of the coil of motor also limits by the specified maximum back emf of this motor, and in conventional magneto, this maximum appears under the highest normal speed, and among the embodiment herein, this maximum appears at and is lower than under the base speed.Described embodiment allows that the back electromotive force of this motor reduces when speed surpasses this base speed, make the value under described back electromotive force and the base speed keep constant.Therefore, can increase the quantity of coil.For example, if the back electromotive force of this motor reduces half, then the quantity of coil can double.

The current demand of described motor turns to the demand decision by the quantity of coil and the ampere of this motor.Described current demand equals ampere and turns to demand divided by coil quantity.Therefore, if the quantity of coil is double, then described current demand will reduce by half.Similarly, if described back electromotive force is decreased to 1/3rd, then coil quantity is increased to three times, and described current demand will be decreased to 1/3rd of initial current demand.Equally, the percentage that reduces of described current demand is identical with the percentage that described back electromotive force reduces.Equally, the percentage that reduces of described current demand is identical with the percentage that described coil quantity increases.This has reduced the current demand of power electronic equipment.

Another above-mentioned usefulness is: if described coil quantity does not increase, the voltage requirement of power electronic equipment will reduce.The generating kinetic potential of described maximum will reduce, so equipment can use lower rated voltage.Above-mentioned two advantages will reduce the cost of power electronic equipment.

Should be noted that term " angular displacement " refers to an angle, this angle is the angle of the method for the direction of an epitrochanterian magnet and another epitrochanterian magnet.Reach certain relative angle between them if described two rotors are arranged by a mode, then described two rotors are called as and have angular displacement.If this angle is that then described two rotors are called as misalignment except any value of 0 degree.Commutative the making of described term " displacement " and " arrangement " is used for describing relative angle skew at a certain angle or biasing.Angular displacement comprises that 0 degree is arranged and the displacement of any angle.

Although in conjunction with specific embodiments the present invention is described in detail, should be understood that above-mentioned content is carried out according to the present invention many modifications, variation and replacement it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that.For example, described rotor and magnet can be of different sizes and shape and material, and perhaps described rotor can be loaded with still less or more magnet.Therefore, the present invention will comprise this type of modification, variation and replacement in the spirit and scope of claims.

Preferred embodiment above has been described in detail in detail, is conspicuous but revise in the difference of the scope of the present invention that does not break away from the claims definition.

Claims

1. a method of making synchronous machine is characterized in that, comprising:

Pre-determine the first rotor length of given concrete motor and total rotor length of second rotor length;

The different length of determining each rotor in two rotors according to the base speed and the maximal rate of given concrete expectation; And

Manufacturing has the described synchronous machine of the different rotor length of definite difference.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Δ=base speed/maximal rate, and

The first rotor length=total the rotor length of (0.5+ Δ/2) *,

Second rotor length=total the rotor length of (0.5-Δ/2) *.

3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:

For the given rated voltage of at least one motor apparatus that drives described motor, determine first quantity of coil according to the back electromotive force under base speed; And

Manufacturing has the synchronous machine of first quantity of described definite coil.

4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: if second quantity of a coil is to determine according to the back electromotive force under the tool maximal rate, then first quantity of described coil is increased by second quantity of the coil of this requirement; Thereby the increase of coil quantity has reduced the current demand of described motor.