[go: up one dir, main page]

CN101169382B - 制作复合材料测试叶片的方法 - Google Patents

制作复合材料测试叶片的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101169382B
CN101169382B CN200710165534XA CN200710165534A CN101169382B CN 101169382 B CN101169382 B CN 101169382B CN 200710165534X A CN200710165534X A CN 200710165534XA CN 200710165534 A CN200710165534 A CN 200710165534A CN 101169382 B CN101169382 B CN 101169382B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
blank
blade
resin
composite material
mould
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN200710165534XA
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN101169382A (zh
Inventor
让-路易斯·罗梅罗
玛利亚姆·韦兹奈克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA SAS filed Critical SNECMA SAS
Publication of CN101169382A publication Critical patent/CN101169382A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101169382B publication Critical patent/CN101169382B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/543—Fixing the position or configuration of fibrous reinforcements before or during moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

一种测试叶片的制作方法，所述叶片带有一些缺陷，可校准用来验证类似叶片的层析X射线摄影探测设备。一种采用编织合成材料纤维制作的三维毛坯(12)，以及在将毛坯涂敷树脂前在毛坯预定位置形成腔室(15)。

Description

制作复合材料测试叶片的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对复合材料制成的涡轮叶片进行层析X射线摄影无损检测方法。本发明特别涉及到一种叶片，所述叶片包括由三维编织制成的增强件。本发明还特别涉及到制作一种测试叶片，用来校准所述层析X射线摄影系统，后者用来在制造期间检测所有此类叶片。采用这种方法检测的复合材料叶片尤其是涡轮喷气发动机上使用的风机叶片。 
背景技术
旁路涡轮喷气发动机的风机叶片是用复合材料制成的，即涂有树脂的合成纤维材料。要求能够在所有这类叶片上进行无损的系统检查。所使用的材料经过了层析X射线摄影检测，这种检测被认为是最合适的无损检测方法而被选用。 
例如，美国6 041 143号专利介绍了对这类风机叶片进行层析X射线摄影的无损检测。层析X射线摄影重建过程与纤维质量的结构相关，而且特别是由多层薄板材构成的结构。在该文件中，层析X射线摄影重建则会适应板材层数的变化。更确切地说，参考模型的至少一个参考层是置于一个非欧几里得坐标系中，然后，在检测真实的叶片时，参考层的各个点都会转换到真实叶片的欧几里得坐标系中。如果叶片中的纤维块是多层薄板材构成的，这种双转换可用来更清楚地显示这种叶片特有的缺陷，特别是褶皱的形成而导致的缺陷。 
发明内容
本发明涉及另一种叶片无损层析X射线摄影检测，包括一个采用线丝或纤维三维编织而成的毛坯或预成形件。这种毛坯件嵌入在树脂内。例如，以本申请者名义提出的EP 1 526 285号专利就介绍了这种类型的叶片。 
在制作这种叶片过程中，各种各样的缺陷都会出现。层析X射线摄影无损检测就是用来探测和评价这类缺陷。 
树脂块在结构内的形成是一种特殊的缺陷。为了探测和评价这种缺陷，必须定期使用一个测试叶片来对层析X射线摄影设备进行校准，特别是带有这种树脂块的缺  陷，其中树脂块的尺寸以及所处的位置都为人们所知。 
本发明涉及制作这样一种测试叶片的方法。 
特别是，本发明提供了一种制作复合材料测试叶片的方法，用来对类似叶片进行层析X射线检测的校准，所述方法的特征在于：它包括制作一个三维毛坯，该毛坯用合成材料纤维编织而成，在所述毛坯的预定位置形成腔室，将所述毛坯插入一个模具中，并将树脂在压力下注射到所述模具内，从而获得所述测试叶片。 
所述测试叶片优选用于对一种层析X射线摄影检测设备进行校准。 
在毛坯的选定位置处，将一个合拢的扩张工具插入毛坯纤维结构内即可形成一种所述腔室，其方式是，将工具张开，移动纤维，在从结构中抽出工具之前再次合拢工具。作为一种扩张工具，剪刀已经得到了成功使用。 
在形成本发明的研究中，令人惊奇地发现，液态树脂在压力下的注射和随后进行的高温处理都不会显著改变原先形成的腔室的尺寸，但恰恰相反，在树脂注射期间，这些腔室内充满了液态树脂。 
附图说明
下面参照附图，并仅结合示例，通过对按本发明原理制作测试叶片的方法的如下介绍，可以更好地了解本发明，而且本发明的其它各种特性也会更清楚。附图如下： 
图1为一种三维毛坯的三维编织构造示意图； 
图2为按照这种方法获得的毛坯的示意图； 
图3为所述毛坯内形成的腔室的示意图； 
图4为液态树脂在压力下注射到模具内从而涂敷毛坯的示意图； 
图5为因此而获得的测试叶片的示意图。 
具体实施方式
附图示出了测试叶片的制作方法，其中包括制作一个三维毛坯的工艺步骤，即采用一个编织机11将合成材料纤维进行编织而形成毛坯，如图1所示。这种工艺步骤在EP1 526 285中进行了描述，在此不再赘述。尽管如此，本发明可以应用于适合制作如图2所示毛坯12的任何类型的三维编织结构。所使用的纤维优选碳纤维。当然，也可以使用玻璃纤维或芳族聚酸胺纤维。 
如图3所示，以下步骤包括在毛坯的选定位置制作腔室15。这些腔室是采用上 述的一种扩张工具做成的。 
采用这种方式处理后的毛坯12被置放在一个带有用于所述测试叶片的腔室的模具16内，该叶片在形状和尺寸上都类似于将要经受层析X射线摄影无损检测的叶片类型。此后，液态树脂在压力下注入模具内。此时，可对模具进行加热，加热温度可达能使树脂聚合的程度。所属领域技术人员的专业技能是可以对所有这些参数进行控制的。 
例如，可以采用已经成功使用的环氧树脂(如人们已知的PR 520树脂)。其它许多热固性树脂也可以使用，尤其是其它的环氧树脂、聚脂树脂、酚醛树脂等。 
在模压成形阶段，采用了下述工作条件(其中都不是必不可少的)： 
--向模具注射树脂时的工作温度为165℃，注射速率为每分钟300立方厘米； 
--注射压力：最大17巴； 
--烘烤温度180℃，持续时间2小时。 
应该注意的是，在注射液态树脂前，在同一个毛坯中也会形成其它一些缺陷。 
在所有这类缺陷中，特别应该提到的是，通过层析X射线摄影可探测到丝股或编织断裂的情况。为了确信在测试叶片的预定位置也有这类缺陷，可以在选择的位置切割几股纤维——例如，只要使用剪刀即可——并勾画出切割的图形。图3示出了这种切割部分20的情况。此后，就可以进行图4所示的模压成形作业。 
图5给出了模压成形之后获得的最终测试叶片22。 

Claims (3)

1.一种制作复合材料测试叶片的方法，该叶片用于对类似叶片进行层析X射线摄影检测校准，所述方法的特征在于：它包括制作一个三维毛坯(12)，该毛坯用合成材料纤维编织而成，在所述毛坯的预定位置形成腔室，将所述毛坯插入一个模具中，在压力下将树脂注射到所述模具内，从而获得所述测试叶片。 
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述腔室是通过在毛坯的预定位置将一种扩张工具插入毛坯纤维结构中，从而将纤维扩张分开形成。 
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在注射所述树脂之前，在所述毛坯的选择位置切割几股纤维(20)。 
CN200710165534XA 2006-10-26 2007-10-26 制作复合材料测试叶片的方法 Active CN101169382B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0654541 2006-10-26
FR0654541A FR2907707B1 (fr) 2006-10-26 2006-10-26 Procede de fabrication d'une aube temoin en materiau composite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101169382A CN101169382A (zh) 2008-04-30
CN101169382B true CN101169382B (zh) 2012-07-04

Family

ID=37847044

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN200710165534XA Active CN101169382B (zh) 2006-10-26 2007-10-26 制作复合材料测试叶片的方法

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7850892B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1916092B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5198034B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN101169382B (zh)
CA (1) CA2607242C (zh)
FR (1) FR2907707B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2450922C2 (zh)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2907706B1 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-02-06 Snecma Sa Procede de fabrication d'une aube temoin en materiau composite
FR2940172B1 (fr) * 2008-12-18 2011-01-21 Snecma Procede de fabrication d'une aube de turbomachine
FR2940173B1 (fr) * 2008-12-23 2013-02-08 Snecma Procede de fabrication d'une piece de forme par tissage 3d et piece de forme ainsi obtenue.
FR2998827B1 (fr) * 2012-12-05 2015-02-06 Snecma Procede de fabrication d'un pied d'aube de turbomachine en materiau composite et pied d'aube obtenu par un tel procede
WO2014145675A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Hollander Jonathan Marc Methods for three-dimensional weaving of composite preforms and products with varying cross-sectional topology
FR3025248B1 (fr) * 2014-08-27 2019-08-23 Safran Aube de redresseur en materiau composite pour moteur a turbine a gaz et son procede de fabrication
FR3026980B1 (fr) * 2014-10-10 2017-03-31 Snecma Procede d'immobilisation d'une preforme dans un moule
FR3034038B1 (fr) * 2015-03-23 2017-11-17 Snecma Procede de fabrication d'une aube temoin pour etalonnage d'un controle tomographique et aube temoin en resultant
DK3631358T3 (da) * 2017-05-23 2023-10-02 Lm Wind Power As Dobbelt scanningsfremgangsmåde til detektion af en fiberopretningsfejl i en aflang struktur
AT521672B1 (de) * 2018-09-10 2022-10-15 Facc Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund-Vergleichskörpers und Prüfungsverfahren
AT521355B1 (de) * 2018-09-10 2020-01-15 Facc Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund-Vergleichskörpers und Prüfungsverfahren
FR3087701B1 (fr) * 2018-10-30 2021-11-26 Safran Aircraft Engines Hybridation des fibres du renfort fibreux d'une aube de soufflante
FR3095710B1 (fr) * 2019-04-30 2022-01-07 Safran Procédé d’entraînement d’un système de détection automatique de défaut d’une aube d’une turbomachine
FR3100270B1 (fr) * 2019-08-28 2021-07-30 Safran Aircraft Engines Hybridation des fibres du renfort fibreux d’une aube de soufflante
FR3109821B1 (fr) * 2020-05-04 2022-12-23 Safran Aircraft Engines Vérification du positionnement d’une préforme fibreuse dans une aube
CN112901553B (zh) * 2021-01-29 2022-05-31 华为数字能源技术有限公司 离心式风机叶轮及其制备方法、离心式风机和空气处理机组
CN115041932B (zh) * 2022-06-28 2024-03-15 山东省章丘鼓风机股份有限公司 一种离心通风机三元流叶轮叶片的加工方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10252671C1 (de) * 2002-11-11 2003-12-04 Mayer Malimo Textilmaschf Verfahren zur Herstellung von faserverstärkten, dreidimensionalen Kunststoffteilen
CN1194848C (zh) * 2002-10-09 2005-03-30 天津大学 三维编织纤维增强聚合物生物复合材料骨器件制造方法
EP1526285A1 (fr) * 2003-10-20 2005-04-27 Snecma Moteurs Aube de turbomachine, notamment aube de soufflante et son procédé de fabrication

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3653098A (en) * 1969-08-19 1972-04-04 Bliss Co Connector for flat woven tape
US3772114A (en) * 1972-03-21 1973-11-13 S Kowalchuk Process for mending fabrics
JPS59184647A (ja) * 1983-04-04 1984-10-20 ポリウレタン化成株式会社 熱成形可能な積層体
JPH01223342A (ja) * 1988-03-03 1989-09-06 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd 非破壊検査用標準試験体の製造方法
US5066442A (en) * 1989-02-28 1991-11-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method of producing a composite article
DE69027899T2 (de) * 1989-08-28 1996-11-28 United Technologies Corp Stabilisierung von Einlagen für das "RTM"-Verfahren
JPH0712617B2 (ja) * 1993-03-25 1995-02-15 ヤマウチ株式会社 成形プレス用クッション材
US6041132A (en) * 1997-07-29 2000-03-21 General Electric Company Computed tomography inspection of composite ply structure
JP2971432B2 (ja) * 1998-03-13 1999-11-08 川崎重工業株式会社 繊維強化プラスチック構造体の検査方法
US7208220B2 (en) * 2001-12-06 2007-04-24 Toray Industries, Inc. Fiber-reinforced composite material and method for production thereof
DE10324141B4 (de) * 2003-05-26 2010-07-01 Eurocopter Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundwerkstoff-Bauteils sowie Zwischenprodukt für ein solches Verfahren

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1194848C (zh) * 2002-10-09 2005-03-30 天津大学 三维编织纤维增强聚合物生物复合材料骨器件制造方法
DE10252671C1 (de) * 2002-11-11 2003-12-04 Mayer Malimo Textilmaschf Verfahren zur Herstellung von faserverstärkten, dreidimensionalen Kunststoffteilen
EP1526285A1 (fr) * 2003-10-20 2005-04-27 Snecma Moteurs Aube de turbomachine, notamment aube de soufflante et son procédé de fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1916092B1 (fr) 2011-05-25
CA2607242C (fr) 2013-12-17
CN101169382A (zh) 2008-04-30
US7850892B2 (en) 2010-12-14
US20080099965A1 (en) 2008-05-01
RU2007139629A (ru) 2009-04-27
JP2008107355A (ja) 2008-05-08
CA2607242A1 (fr) 2008-04-26
FR2907707B1 (fr) 2009-01-30
JP5198034B2 (ja) 2013-05-15
FR2907707A1 (fr) 2008-05-02
RU2450922C2 (ru) 2012-05-20
EP1916092A1 (fr) 2008-04-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101169382B (zh) 制作复合材料测试叶片的方法
US8062570B2 (en) Method of fabricating a test blade of composite material
CN107000340B (zh) 用于检查模具中的预成型件的位置的方法
US8685297B2 (en) Method for the manufacture of a fiber-composite component and fiber-composite component manufactured according to this method
CA2879300C (fr) Procede et systeme de decoupe d'une preforme destinee a la fabrication d'une piece de turbomachine
EP3868556B1 (en) Ceramic matrix composite component having low density core and method of making the cmc component
FR3024959A1 (fr) Procede et ensemble de fabrication d'aube composite
EP3590906A1 (en) Porous space fillers for ceramic matrix composites
US8894787B2 (en) Composite panel with fixed void content and methods of making same
US11060986B2 (en) Method of fabricating a reference blade for calibrating tomographic inspection, and a resulting reference blade
US20220297391A1 (en) Tracer strand for weaving a composite material part reinforcement
EP3869011A1 (en) Ceramic matrix composite component having low density core and method of making
US10099433B2 (en) Datum feature for a composite component
US11951694B2 (en) Fibrous texture for a casing made of composite material with hybrid warp strands
EP3159655A1 (en) Profilometry inspection systems and methods for spar caps of composite wind turbine blades
CA3108395C (en) Method for producing a fibre-reinforced plastic comparison body and testing method
CN119413847A (zh) 碳纤维增强复合材料结构模拟脱粘缺陷热阻等效试件及其制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant