CN101116471B - Edible insect albumen powder and the production process and application thereof - Google Patents
Edible insect albumen powder and the production process and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an edible insect albumen powder, with the main raw material as the edible insects with the represent of the cicada, the Chinese Shrimp (yellow mealworm, the same below), the locust, and the silkworm pupa. The exploited products in both domestic and international markets at present include the specific animal feeds and the dishes of edible insects, as well as the pet feed made from a certain amount of raw materials of insects. No report on edible insect protein powders exist in our nation or abroad. The present invention aims to exploit an edible insect powder as well as the production method and application thereof. The technical proposal is that the insects which undergo both elimination of foreign bodies, toxins and solidification are smashed, pulped, degreased, and extracted with ethanol to separate the protein solution, which is refrigerated and dried in vacuum and then smashed into a grey powder as the final product. The effect of the present invention is to exploit Telibo technique to produce series of nutritious foods and health-care foods, which are superior to the vegetable proteins. The edible insects can become a superior nutrition from the animal as a novel food source for human being, and one of the developing directions of international food industry in the 21st century.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the production method and the application (purposes) of a kind of edible insect albumen powder, edible insect albumen powder, mainly with cicada, yellow meal worm, edible insects such as locust and silkworm chrysalis are the insect of representative.
Two, background technology
The research direction of both at home and abroad insect resources being developed at present is mainly the insect of seeking low-cost breed and suitability for industrialized production; The functional materials that potentiality to be exploited is arranged in the research insect bodies.On the domestic and international market development product mainly contain special animals feed and edible insect table dishes, also have every year a certain amount of insect material outlet West Europe, Korea S and Japan to be used as feed for pet, wherein be mainly Chinese shrimp, cicada and silkworm chrysalis.For edible insect albumen powder and production method thereof and be applied in and all do not have report both at home and abroad.Measure according to modern scientific research, the edible insect protein content is 35.3%～71.4%, and free amino acid ratio is near needed by human body ratio; The content of water-soluble (vitamin) B family is very abundant; And have abundant mineral matter element calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium etc. and trace mineral element iron, zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium etc., therefore can be used as the novel protein raw material of nourishing reinforced food and health food.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to develop the production method and the application (purposes) of a kind of edible insect albumen powder, this edible insect albumen powder; Solve the technical problem that is run in this new edible insect albumen powder and production method and the application; The present invention is to be primary raw material with the food insect, through technology such as impurities removal, toxin expelling treatment technology and frozen dryings, extracts and has the albumen freeze-dried powder of various active composition and make protein beverage and electuary; Make food insect series food with full powder; Utilize fat-extraction nutritional oil abundant in the body as special functional oil product, utilize epidermis to extract, transform chitosan, as medicine and health products raw material.The realization large-scale industrialization is produced.
The food insect technique is a novel foodstuff engineering, is to be raw material with the food insect, from culturing the security preliminary treatment; From the worm pupa to larva and adult; From the crust to body fluid, from protein to fat, all can reach the comprehensive utilization exploitation; Be applicable to multiclass edible insect new resources, its achievement can be used for multiple fields such as food, health products, medicine and cosmetics.
Be the technical solution of the present invention that achieves the above object:
A kind of edible insect albumen powder; It is characterized in that: as the insect raw material, pass through industrialized aquaculture, purchase, screening, impurities removal, toxin expelling, dehydration, powder process, also obtain moisture≤10%, granularity≤40 purpose whites or pale powder or light brown through the supercritical extract degreasing process with yellow meal worm, cicada, silkworm chrysalis, locust.
Technical solution of the present invention also comprises:
A kind of production method of edible insect albumen powder; With black cicada, locust, tussah, silkworm, yellow meal worm is master's edible insect; Pass through industrialized aquaculture, purchase, screening, impurities removal, toxin expelling, in 50～100 ℃ of water temperatures, soak and put 1～10 minute cured; It is characterized in that: the edible insect after impurities removal, toxin expelling, the curing is being pulverized making beating in disintegrating machine, material is through supercritical CO
2Extraction, the refinery practice condition
Pressure: 10MPa-40MPa
Temperature: 30 ℃-60 ℃
Time: 1h-6h
Refining (after-treatment):
Pressure: 20MPa-50MPa
Temperature: 40 ℃-80 ℃
Time: 2h-8h
Equipment: supercritical extract equipment
The albumen powder process conditions
Extract: the food insect raw material after the extraction degreasing, take alcohol to wash the method extraction, ethanol content>=90%, time 4h-24h, temperature≤24 ℃
Dry: micro-wave drying method, time 0.5m-20m
Equipment: settling tank, cleaning filling, centrifuge, industrial microwave oven
Proterties: white or pale powder or beige edible insect albumen powder.
Characteristics: water-soluble good, free from extraneous odour, protein content is high, is easier to absorb than vegetable protein, and nutrition-allocated proportion does not have allergic reaction
Packing: 200g edible plastic double casing or 500g metal wound packages.
The production method of described a kind of edible insect albumen powder; It is characterized in that: will embathe operation at the ethanol after the degreasing under the normal pressure and replace to acid wash; Through regulating PH after the degreasing be neutral, wash and obtain protein liquid, and be that 0.01～0.08MPa, cryogenic temperature are that-30～-80 ℃, cooling time are vacuum freeze drying under the condition of 2-50h in vacuum; In disintegrating machine, pulverize, the material after the pulverizing is light brown shape finished product through test package again.
The production method of described a kind of edible insect albumen powder is characterized in that: said black cicada, locust with annual summer and autumn in the insect pest spot tissue collecting, after raw material is checked and accepted through the place; Rinse well with the clear water cleaning, under normal pressure, temperature is to soak 1 minute～10 minutes in 60 ℃～100 ℃ water; Carry out the deactivation cured; Be spilled into polypide weight then and be 2%～10% salinity and carry out salt marsh, packing by inspection, snap frozen is preserved for use under subzero 10 ℃～20 ℃ conditions.
The production method of described a kind of edible insect albumen powder and application is characterized in that: said tussah, silkworm are cut cocoon and get pupa alive through behind the filature, and the direct freezing preservation of pupa of living is for use.
The production method of described a kind of edible insect albumen powder; It is characterized in that: said yellow meal worm produces breed with industrialized mode, in breed, utilizes complex microorganism (EM) and the technological straw fermented feed of producing of lactobacillus-fermented in the livestock-raising achievement in research, is aided with traditional yellow meal worm and raises 5 days～30 days impurities removal, toxin expelling nursing process; Reaching the variety and quality standard is: every hectogram worm material is processed into different worm five kinds of pellets in the length of time; At normal temperatures and pressures, less than 60, breeding amount is at 100 times～380 times through security mouth number; In five generations, can be passed through new resource food security 0 examination criteria with interior no degradation phenomena.
The edible insect albumen powder of producing is as milk beverage, solid beverage, electuary, nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical, albumen sugar, food and season sauce or Application of Additives; It is characterized in that: what obtain is the new special edible insect albumen powder; Be used for milk beverage, solid beverage, electuary, nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical, albumen sugar, food and season sauce; As Application of Additives, its weight of additive content is 5%～30%.
Control background technology beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. the present invention is to be primary raw material with the edible insect, adopts bioengineering to confirm to develop the food insect technique of serial nutritious food and health food.Demonstration and evaluation through domestic nutritionist and insect expert; Careful nutritive value analysis and assessment have been carried out; Think that the edible insect kind is many, quantity big, it is wide to distribute, breeding is fast; Have high protein, low fat, low cholesterol, trophic structure is reasonable, fleshy fiber is few, be easy to outstanding advantages such as absorption, is superior to vegetable protein.Edible insect has had certain market as feed and table dishes, but the still untapped high added value nutrition product that is utilized as.Edible insect is expected to become the superior being property nutrient source of human new resource food, also is one of direction of 21 century international food industrial development.
2. the present invention is on the basis of long-term theoretical research and application study, through modern means of science and technology, Biochemical Engineering, food engineering, pharmaceutical engineering, nutrition and modern is extracted and is separated process technology and combine; With edible insects such as cicada, Chinese shrimp, locust and silkworm chrysalises is representative, and exploitation has the new resource food of human nutrition material, has replaced the primary product of edible insect stem body as feed; Product form has taken on a new look; Enlarge the kind and the added value thereof of product, improved the quality of product, prolonged the shelf life of product; Promote edible insect cultural technique suitability for industrialized production, will bring good social benefit and economic benefit.
3. selected supercritical CO for use
2Abstraction technique, the destruction that can reduce active material effectively, extraction yield is high; Do not produce residual solvent, free from environmental pollution, safe in utilization; Reliable in quality is fit to the extraction of active material, high value added product among the present invention, and the edible insect oil extraction yield can reach 30%; Can extract transparent, yellow oily liquids, the primary raw material protein after the extraction is canescence pulvis, good separation.
4. the edible insect fat content wherein contains abundant unsaturated fat and liposoluble vitamin E 7.19%～40.5%.With Chinese shrimp is example, and its P/S value is 0.9, can be developed as the edible health-care oil and the functional cosmetics additive agent of specific function.
5. measure the nutritional oil technical indicator through the applicant:
The organoleptic indicator: color and luster, Lovibond cell 133.4mm≤Y22 R2.2, clarification, transparent, free from extraneous odour, mouthfeel is good.
Physical and chemical index: acid number (KOH)≤3.0mg/g; Moisture and volatile matter content ,≤3.0%; Peroxide value≤10mol/Kg; Impurity≤0.05; Solvent residual amount must not detect mg/Kg; Lead≤0.5mg/Kg; Arsenic≤0.5mg/Kg.
Microbiological indicator: total number of bacteria≤100/ml; Coliform≤6/100ml; Pathogenic bacteria must not detect.
6. the present invention has confirmed technology through overtesting, for the industrialization of food insect technique achievement is laid a good foundation.Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology in the technology of the present invention, the purpose of freeze-drying are biological and chemical structure and the activity thereof for retained product.The food insect protein is a heat-sensitive substance; Color and luster variation and solubility decline can take place after being heated, and the food insect protein preparation that adopts freeze drying technology to produce has not only kept amino acid not to be destroyed; The key property that has also kept antibacterial peptide; Also protected the functional characteristic of other active materials,, also kept the color and luster and the mouthfeel of protein effectively like SOD superoxide dismutase etc.Supercritical CO in the technology of the present invention
2Abstraction technique is the novel ultra micro extract and separate purification techniques that develops at medicine, chemical industry, field of food over nearly more than 20 years, and it has overcome dissolvent residual problem in traditional solvent extraction method, can protect heat-sensitive substance well.In this project, supercritical CO
2The key of abstraction technique is the definite of pressure, temperature and time, and its recovery rate can be up to 30%.Food insect grease is the high added value nutriment, and employing should technology be extracted grease, had fully guaranteed the high-purity and the high-quality of grease, did not contain poisonous harmful substance; Low-temperature operation can not make nutritional labeling generation polymerization and loss; Operating process is short, and separative efficiency is high, saves heat energy, compares with lixiviation process with milling process, has good advantage.
Four, the specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: with black cicada, locust is the edible insect of example, when this raw material mainly leans on this insect of nature to take place, catches purchase in the spot, 7-8 month can purchase cicada pupa and locust in enormous quantities such as Shaanxi Province's Guanzhong area is annual.Raw material is collected scheme: the tissue purchase net in the insect pest spot, and training purchase person, each purchase spot is equipped with treatment facility and storage equipment.According to generating capacity then, confirm procurement price immediately, close inspection and control purchase quality.Pretreatment of raw material process: place examination-cleaning-between 50 ℃～100 ℃ (as 50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,100 ℃), soak in the arbitrary temp water temperature and put 1 minute～10 minutes; The enzyme cured-be spilled into polypide weight of going out is 2%～10% (like content arbitrarily in 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10% scope; Salinity down together) carries out salt marsh, by inspection packing---and snap frozen is preserved for use under subzero 10 ℃～20 ℃ (arbitrary temp in the scope) conditions.
The black cicada that freezing preservation is for use, locust edible insect are pulverized making beating under the normal temperature and pressure in the cereal disintegrating machine; Carrying out ethanol then embathes; Device separates goes out protein liquid; In vacuum is that 0.01MPa～0.08MPa (in this scope arbitrarily vacuum all can), cryogenic temperature are that-30 ℃～-80 ℃ (in these scopes arbitrary temp all can), cooling time be vacuum freeze drying under the condition of 2h-50h (in this scope random time all can); In disintegrating machine, pulverize again, the material freeze drying after the pulverizing, test package is canescence shape finished product.
Material after in vacuum freeze drying, disintegrating machine, pulverizing is through supercritical CO
2Extraction is at 30 ℃～60 ℃ of extracting pressure 10MPa～40MPa (this scope in arbitrarily pressure all can), extraction temperature (in this scope arbitrary temp all can), extract supercritical CO under the condition of time 1h～6h (in this scope random time all can)
2Extraction; Carrying out refining again is after-treatment: pressure: 20MPa-50MPa, and temperature: 40 ℃-80 ℃, the time: 2h-8h; Extract the food insect raw material after the extraction degreasing, take the alcohol method of washing to extract ethanol content 90%～100%; Time 4h-24h, 0 ℃～24 ℃ of temperature, microwave drying again; Time 0.5m-20m, equipment are settling tanks, clean filling, centrifuge, industrial microwave oven, and obtaining proterties is white or pale powder or beige edible insect albumen powder.Characteristics: water-soluble good, free from extraneous odour, protein content is high, is easier to absorb than vegetable protein, and nutrition-allocated proportion does not have allergic reaction; Packing: 200g edible plastic double casing or 500g metal wound packages.
Perhaps at above-mentioned first time of supercritical CO
2After the extraction, obtain the edible insect oily primary product that keep healthy, extract transparent, yellow edible insect oily liquid after the grease processing under normal temperature and pressure conditions, obtain being canescence pulvis protein raw material after the extraction.
Perhaps above-mentioned ethanol after degreasing under the normal pressure is embathed operation and replace to acid wash; Be to regulate PH, curdled milk, washing after the degreasing to obtain protein liquid; In vacuum is that 0.01MPa～0.08MPa, cryogenic temperature are that-30～-80 ℃, cooling time are vacuum freeze drying under the condition of 2h-50h; In disintegrating machine, pulverize again, the material freeze drying after the pulverizing, test package is light brown shape finished product.
Embodiment 2: with yellow meal worm (being also referred to as Chinese shrimp) is the edible insect of example, produces breed with industrialized mode, passes through the seed selection in year surplus in the of nearly ten; Filtered out a comparatively ideal Chinese shrimp worm group, its variety and quality standard is: every hectogram insect population number is less than 600 (common worm is organized every hectogram insect population number greater than 700), and is active strong; Disease resistance is good, and feed adaptability is strong, and cost is low; Breeding amount is at 150 times--and 380 times, in 5 generations, are with interior no degradation phenomena.In industrialized aquaculture, be provided with to produce and culture and breeding plant, worm kind of the every breed of producer goods kind 3 generations replacing has guaranteed the product quality of culturing.In breed, utilize EM (complex microorganism) and lactobacillus-fermented technology in the livestock-raising achievement in research to produce straw fermented feed; Be aided with traditional Chinese shrimp feed and be processed into different worm 5 kinds of pellets in the length of time; Feed cost is reduced more than 30%, improved the polypide resistance against diseases simultaneously.The integrated culture cost of bright worm is 2800 yuan/ton (containing manual work and feed).The Chinese shrimp worm group of screening; Pass through industrialized aquaculture, screening, impurities removal, toxin expelling, in 50～100 ℃ of (arbitrary temp in the scope) water temperatures, soak and put 1 minute～10 minutes (random time in the scope) cured; Be that 0.01MPa～0.08MPa (in the scope arbitrarily pressure), cryogenic temperature are vacuum freeze drying under-30 ℃～-80 ℃ (arbitrary temp in the scope), the cooling times condition that is 2h～50h (random time in the scope) in vacuum again; In disintegrating machine, pulverize again, the material after the pulverizing at extracting pressure 10MPa～30MPa (in the scope arbitrarily pressure), extraction temperature 30 ℃～60 ℃ (arbitrary temp scope in), extract supercritical CO under the condition of time 1h～4h (random time in the scope)
2Extraction, carrying out refining again is that after-treatment is the same.
2., acid wash: under the isoelectric point condition, make the protein condenses deposition, and carbohydrate and the solubility of other materials in water are constant.Main processes is following:
Through preliminary technical finesse and the raw material that solidifies-→ pulverize making beating-→ degreasing-→ regulate PH-→ separate-→ curdled milk-→ washing-→ freeze drying-→ pulverize-→ finished product.Be about to above-mentioned under normal pressure the ethanol after the degreasing embathe operation to replace to acid wash good.The same with embodiment 1.
Implement 3: with tussah, silkworm is the edible insect of example, and peasant household and collective's sericulture are giveed training, carries out as requested collecting after the preliminary treatment.Silkworm chrysalis behind the process filature contains industrial soda and pupa is smelly, directly as food processing, influences product quality.So tussah and silkworm be as the raw material of food, should with the situation of silkworm industry productive cooperation under cut cocoon and get pupa alive.The output of tussah pupa alive is bigger, and there is the raw material more than 300 tons every year in the province that has.It is more convenient to get the direct freezing preservation of pupa alive.Tussah, silkworm are cut cocoon and get pupa alive through behind the filature, and the direct freezing preservation of pupa of living is for use.In like manner through screening, in 50～100 ℃ of water temperatures, soaking and put 1～10 minute cured; Be that 0.01～0.08MPa, cryogenic temperature are that-30～-80 ℃, cooling time are vacuum freeze drying under the condition of 2～50h in vacuum again; In disintegrating machine, pulverize, the material after the pulverizing is supercritical CO under the condition of extracting pressure 10～30MPa, 30～60 ℃ of extraction temperature, extraction time 1～4h again
2Extraction, carrying out refining again is that after-treatment is the same.
Perhaps adopt the same technology of the foregoing description 1,2.
Below be the product that obtains through above-mentioned technology, the result of chemical examination is following:
Claims (3)
1. the production method of an edible insect albumen powder; With yellow meal worm as the insect raw material; Pass through industrialized aquaculture, purchase, screening, impurities removal, toxin expelling, in 50～100 ℃ of water temperatures, soak and put 1～10 minute cured; It is characterized in that: the edible insect after impurities removal, toxin expelling, the curing is pulverized making beating in pulverizer, material is through supercritical CO
2Extraction, refining;
Supercritical CO
2Extraction conditions:
Pressure: 10MPa～40MPa
Temperature: 30 ℃～60 ℃
Time: 1h～6h
Refining is the after-treatment condition:
Pressure: 20MPa～50MPa
Temperature: 40 ℃～80 ℃
Time: 2h～8h
Equipment: supercritical extract equipment
The albumen powder process conditions:
Extract: the food insect raw material after the extraction degreasing, take alcohol to wash the method extraction, ethanol content>=90%, time 4h～24h, temperature≤24 ℃
Dry: micro-wave drying method, time 0.5m～20m
Equipment: settling tank, cleaning filling, centrifuge, industrial microwave oven
Proterties: white or pale powder or beige edible insect albumen powder
Characteristics: water-soluble good, free from extraneous odour, protein content is high, is easier to absorb than vegetable protein, and nutrition-allocated proportion does not have allergic reaction
Packing: 200g edible plastic double casing or 500g metal wound packages.
2. the edible insect albumen powder that makes of the production method of edible insect albumen powder according to claim 1.
3. the application of edible insect albumen powder according to claim 2 in milk beverage, electuary, nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical and season sauce; It is characterized in that: said edible insect albumen powder is used for milk beverage, electuary, nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical and season sauce as additive, and the weight of its interpolation is 5%～30%.
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