CN101115708B - 芳香族胺衍生物以及使用其的有机电致发光元件 - Google Patents
芳香族胺衍生物以及使用其的有机电致发光元件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101115708B CN101115708B CN200680004165XA CN200680004165A CN101115708B CN 101115708 B CN101115708 B CN 101115708B CN 200680004165X A CN200680004165X A CN 200680004165XA CN 200680004165 A CN200680004165 A CN 200680004165A CN 101115708 B CN101115708 B CN 101115708B
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- aromatic amine
- amine derivative
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004033 porphyrin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical class O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
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- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005415 substituted alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有二苯基氨基且在其苯环上结合有环己基的用下述通式(1)或者(2)表示的芳香族胺衍生物;以及在阴极和阳极之间夹持有至少含有发光层的由一层或多层形成的有机薄膜层的有机电致发光元件,该有机薄膜层的至少一层单独或者作为混合物的成分含有所述芳香族胺衍生物,由此可以提供寿命长、发光效率高、可以得到色纯度高的蓝色发光的有机电致发光元件以及实现该元件的芳香族胺衍生物。在通式(1)中,A1~A4是氢原子等,a~d是0~5的整数,不过,a~d的至少一个为1以上的整数,此时的A1~A4的至少一个是环烷基;在通式(2)中,A5~A8是氢原子等,e~h是0~5的整数,X1和X2是亚芳基,不过,e~h的至少一个为1以上的整数,此时的A5~A8的至少一个是环烷基。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及芳香族胺衍生物以及使用该衍生物的有机电致发光元件,特别是涉及寿命长、发光效率高、可以得到高色纯度的蓝色发光的有机电致发光元件以及实现该有机电致发光元件的芳香族胺衍生物。
背景技术
使用了有机物质的有机EL元件,其作为固体发光型的低价大面积全色显示元件的用途是有希望的,正在进行很多研发。一般而言,EL元件是由发光层和夹持该层的一对对向电极构成。在两电极间施加电场时,从阴极侧被注入电子,从阳极侧被注入空穴,从而进行发光。进而,是该电子在发光层与空穴复合,生成激发状态,在激发状态恢复到基底状态时以光的形式放出能量的现象。
以往的有机EL元件,与无机发光二极管相比,驱动电压高,发光亮度或发光效率也低。另外,特性劣化也显著,至今尚未实用化。最近的有机EL元件尽管被逐渐改善,但仍要求进一步的高发光效率、长寿命。
例如,公开了使用单一的单蒽化合物作为有机发光材料的技术(专利文献1)。但是,在该技术中,例如在电流密度165mA/cm2下,只能得到1650cd/cm2的亮度,效率极低为1cd/A,不具有实用性。另外,公开有使用单一的双蒽化合物作为有机发光材料的技术(专利文献2)。但是,即便在该技术中,效率较低为1~3cd/A,要求进行改进以实用化。另一方面,提出了使用以联苯乙烯化合物作为有机发光材料并向其中添加了苯乙烯胺等的材料的长寿命的有机EL元件(专利文献3)。但是,该元件的寿命不足,要求对其进行进一步的改进。
另外,公开了使用单或双蒽化合物和联苯乙烯化合物作为有机发光介质层的技术(专利文献4)。但是,在这些技术中,由于苯乙烯基化合物的共轭结构,发光光谱长波长化,使色纯度恶化。
专利文献1:特开平11-3782号公报
专利文献2:特开平8-12600号公报
专利文献3:国际公开WO94/006157号公报
专利文献4:特开2001-284050号公报
专利文献5:国际公开WO04/044088号公报
发明内容
本发明正是为了解决上述问题的发明,其目的在于,提供寿命长、发光效率高、可以得到色纯度高的蓝色发光的有机EL元件以及实现该有机EL元件的芳香族胺衍生物。
本发明人为了研发出具有上述的良好性质的芳香族胺衍生物以及使用了该衍生物的有机EL元件,进行潜心研究,结果发现,利用具有二苯基氨基且在其苯环上结合有环己基的用下述通式(1)或者(2)表示的芳香族胺衍生物,可以实现上述目的。本发明根据上述发现而完成。
即,本发明提供用下述通式(1)或者(2)表示的芳香族胺衍生物,
[化1]
(在通式(1)中,A1~A4相互独立,是氢原子、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为6~50的芳烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3~50的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~20的烷基氨基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的杂环基或卤原子。
a~d相互独立,是0~5的整数,当a~d分别为2以上时,A1~A4可以分别相同,也可以不同,可以相互连结形成饱和或不饱和的环。另外,A1和A2、A3和A4可以分别连结形成饱和或不饱和的环。
不过,a~d的至少一个为1以上的整数,此时的A1~A4的至少一个是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3~50的环烷基。)
[化2]
(在通式(2)中,A5~A8相互独立,是氢原子、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为6~50的芳烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3~50的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~20的烷基氨基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的杂环基或卤原子。
e~h相互独立,是0~5的整数,当e~h分别为2以上时,A5~A8可以分别相同,也可以不同,可以相互连结形成饱和或不饱和的环。另外,A5和A6、A7和A8可以分别连结形成饱和或不饱和的环。
X1和X2相互独立,是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的亚芳基。
不过,e~h的至少一个为1以上的整数,此时的A5~A8的至少一个是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3~50的环烷基。)
另外,本发明提供一种有机EL元件,其是在阴极和阳极之间夹持有至少含有发光层的由一层或多层形成的有机薄膜层的有机EL元件,该有机薄膜层的至少一层单独或者作为混合物的成分含有上述芳香族胺衍生物。
使用了本发明的芳香族胺衍生物的有机EL元件,施加低电压就可以得到足以实用的发光亮度,发光效率高,即便长时间使用也很难劣化,寿命长。
附图说明
图1是表示合成实施例1中得到的本发明的芳香族胺衍生物的1H-NMR光谱的图。
图2是表示合成实施例2中得到的本发明的芳香族胺衍生物的1H-NMR光谱的图。
图3是表示合成实施例3中得到的本发明的芳香族胺衍生物的1H-NMR光谱的图。
图4是表示合成实施例4中得到的本发明的芳香族胺衍生物的1H-NMR光谱的图。
具体实施方式
本发明的芳香族胺衍生物,是用下述通式(1)或者(2)表示的化合物。
下面,对用通式(1)表示的芳香族胺衍生物进行说明。
[化3]
在通式(1)中,A1~A4相互独立,是氢原子、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50(优选碳原子数为1~20)的烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基(优选环碳原子数为5~20)、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为6~50的芳烷基(优选环碳原子数为6~20)、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3~50(优选环碳原子数为5~12)的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50(优选碳原子数为1~6)的烷氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50(优选环碳原子数为5~18)的芳氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50(优选环碳原子数为5~18)的芳基氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~20(优选碳原子数为1~6)的烷基氨基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的杂环基(优选环碳原子数为5~20)或卤原子。
作为A1~A4的烷基,例如可以举出甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、硬脂基、2-苯基异丙基、三氯甲基、三氟甲基、苄基、α-苯氧基苄基、α,α-二甲基苄基、α,α-甲基苯基苄基、α,α-二(三氟甲基)苄基、三苯基甲基、α-苄基氧基苄基等。
作为A1~A4的芳基,例如可以举出苯基、2-甲基苯基、3-甲基苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-乙基苯基、联苯基、4-甲基联苯基、4-乙基联苯基、4-环己基联苯基、联三苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、萘基、5-甲基萘基、蒽基、芘基等。
作为A1~A4的芳烷基,例如可以举出苄基、1-苯基乙基、2-苯基乙基、1-苯基异丙基、2-苯基异丙基、苯基-叔丁基、α-萘基甲基、1-α-萘基乙基、2-α-萘基乙基、1-α-萘基异丙基、2-α-萘基异丙基、β-萘基甲基、1-β-萘基乙基、2-β-萘基乙基、1-β-萘基异丙基、2-β-萘基异丙基、1-吡咯基甲基、2-(1-吡咯基)乙基、对-甲基苄基、间-甲基苄基、邻-甲基苄基、对-氯苄基、间-氯苄基、邻-氯苄基、对-溴苄基、间-溴苄基、邻-溴苄基、对-碘苄基、间-碘苄基、邻-碘苄基、对-羟基苄基、间-羟基苄基、邻-羟基苄基、对-氨基苄基、间-氨基苄基、对-硝基苄基、间-硝基苄基、邻-硝基苄基、对-氰基苄基、间-氰基苄基、邻-氰基苄基、1-羟基-2-苯基异丙基、1-氯-2-苯基异丙基等。
作为A1~A4的环烷基,例如可以举出环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、联环庚基、联环辛基、三环庚基、金刚烷基等,优选环戊基、环己基、环庚基、联环庚基、联环辛基、金刚烷基。
作为A1~A4的烷氧基,例如可以举出甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、各种戊氧基、各种己氧基等。
作为A1~A4的芳氧基,例如可以举出苯氧基、甲苯氧基、萘氧基等。
作为A1~A4的芳基氨基,例如可以举出二苯基氨基、二甲苯基氨基、二萘基氨基、萘基苯基氨基等。
作为A1~A4的烷基氨基,例如可以举出二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、二己基氨基等。
作为A1~A4的杂环基,例如可以举出咪唑、苯并咪唑、吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、噁二唑啉、吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、苯醌、ピラロジン、咪唑烷、哌啶等的残基。
作为A1~A4的卤原子,例如可以举出氟原子、氯原子、溴原子等。
在通式(1)中,a~d相互独立,是0~5的整数,优选0~3,更优选0~2。
当a~d分别为2以上时,A1~A4可以分别相同,也可以不同,可以相互连结形成饱和或不饱和的环。另外,A1和A2、A3和A4可以分别连结形成饱和或不饱和的环。
作为该环,例如可以举出环丁烷、环戊烷、环己烷、金刚烷、降冰片烷等碳原子数为4~12的环烷烃,环丁烯、环戊烯、环己烯、环庚烯、环辛烯等碳原子数为4~12的环烯烃,环己二烯、环庚二烯、环辛二烯等碳原子数为6~12的环二烯烃,苯、萘、菲、蒽、芘、苊烯等碳原子数为6~50的芳香族环,咪唑、吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、吡啶等碳原子数为5~50的杂环等。
作为上述A1~A4的取代基,可以举出取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为6~50的芳烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳硫基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷氧基羰基、氨基、卤原子、氰基、硝基、羟基、羧基等。
在通式(1)中,a~d的至少一个为1以上的整数,此时的A1~A4的至少一个是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3~50的环烷基,该环烷基优选为环戊基、环己基、环庚基、联环庚基、联环辛基、金刚烷基。
接着,对用通式(2)表示的芳香族胺衍生物进行说明。
[化4]
在通式(2)中,A5~A8与通式(1)的A1~A4相同,各基团的具体例子或优选基团也可以举出相同的例子。
在通式(2)中,e~h相互独立,是0~5的整数,优选0~3,更优选0~2。
当e~h分别为2以上时,A5~A8可以分别相同,也可以不同,可以相互连结形成饱和或不饱和的环。另外,A5和A6、A7和A8可以分别连结形成饱和或不饱和的环。作为该环,可以举出与通式(1)的A1~A4相同的例子。
在通式(2)中,X1和X2相互独立,是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的亚芳基。
作为X1和X2的亚芳基,例如可以举出亚苯基、亚萘基、亚联苯基、亚蒽基、亚苝基、亚芘基等,优选亚苯基、亚萘基、亚联苯基。
在通式(2)中,e~h的至少一个为1以上的整数,此时的A5~A8的至少一个是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3~50的环烷基,该环烷基优选为环戊基、环己基、环庚基、联环庚基、联环辛基、金刚烷基。
以下示出本发明的用通式(1)或者(2)表示的芳香族胺衍生物的具体例子,但并不被这些例示化合物限制。其中,Me表示甲基。
[化5]
[化6]
[化7]
[化8]
[化9]
[化10]
[化11]
[化12]
[化13]
接着,对本发明的芳香族胺衍生物的制造方法进行说明。
对本发明的用通式(1)表示的芳香族胺衍生物的制造方法没有特别限制,可以采用公知的方法进行制造,例如可以通过二芳基胺将使用Rev.Roum.Chim.,34 1907(1989)(M.D.Bancia等)中记载的方法得到的6,12-二溴氨基化来制造芳香族胺。
就本发明的用通式(1)或者(2)表示的芳香族胺衍生物而言,通过在作为发光中心的二氨基结构上连结具有取代基的苯环,可以防止化合物彼此的会合,因此寿命延长。另外,如果在与氮原子结合的末端苯环上结合环烷基,可以进一步防止化合物之间的会合,所以寿命进一步提高。另外,在固体状态下具有强荧光性,电场发光性出色,荧光量子效率为0.3以上。进而,由于同时具有由金属电极或有机薄膜层的出色的空穴注入性以及空穴输送性、由金属电极或有机薄膜层的出色的电子注入性和电子输送性,可以有效用作有机EL元件用发光材料,尤其是用作掺杂材料。进而,即使使用其他空穴输送性材料、电子输送性材料或掺杂材料也无妨。
本发明的有机EL元件是在阳极和阴极之间形成有一层或多层的有机薄膜层的元件。在是一层型的情况下,在阳极和阴极之间设置有发光层。发光层含有发光材料,除此之外还可以含有空穴注入材料或电子注入材料以便将从阳极注入的空穴、或者从阴极注入的电子输送至发光材料。通式(1)或(2)的芳香族胺衍生物具有高发光特性,并具有出色的空穴注入性、空穴输送性、以及电子注入性、电子输送性,所以可以作为发光材料或掺杂材料用于发光层。
在本发明的有机EL元件中,发光层优选含有本发明的芳香族胺衍生物,作为含量,通常优选含有0.1~20重量%,进一步优选含有1~10重量%。另外,本发明的芳香族胺衍生物同时具有极高的荧光量子效率、高空穴输送能力以及电子输送能力,可以形成均匀的薄膜,所以也可以仅由该芳香族胺衍生物形成发光层。
另外,就本发明的有机EL元件而言,是在阴极和阳极之间夹持有至少含有发光层的由2层以上构成的有机薄膜层的有机EL元件,即使在阳极和发光层之间具有以本发明的芳香族胺衍生物为主要成分的有机层,也是优选的。作为该有机层,可以举出空穴注入层、空穴输送层等。
进而,当含有本发明的芳香族胺衍生物作为掺杂材料时,优选含有从下述通式(3)的蒽衍生物、(4)的蒽衍生物以及(5)的芘衍生物中选择的至少一种作为基质材料。
[化14]
(在通式(3)中,X1~X4相互独立,是氢原子、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为6~50的芳烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3~50的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~20的烷基氨基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的杂环基或卤原子;e、f分别独立,为0~4的整数。在e、f为2以上时,X1、X2可以彼此相同,也可以不同。
Ar1和Ar2相互独立,是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的杂环基,Ar1和Ar2的至少一方是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为10~50的含杂环芳基。
m是1~3的整数。当m为2以上时,[]内的基团可以相同,也可以不同。)
上述X1和X2以及Ar1和Ar2的各基团的具体例子或取代基,可以举出与上述通式(1)中说明的基团相同的例子。
[化15]
(在通式(4)中,X1~X3相互独立,是氢原子、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为6~50的芳烷基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为3~50的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~50的烷氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳氧基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基氨基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1~20的烷基氨基、取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的杂环基或卤原子。e、f和g分别独立,为0~4的整数。在e、f和g为2以上时,X1、X2、X3可以彼此相同,也可以不同。)
Ar1是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为10~50的含稠环芳基,Ar3是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为5~50的芳基。
n是1~3的整数。当n为2以上时,[]内的基团可以相同,也可以不同。)
上述X1~X3以及Ar1和Ar2的各基团的具体例子或取代基,可以举出与上述通式(1)中说明的基团相同的例子。
通式(3)和(4)的蒽衍生物的具体例如下所示,但并不限于这些例示化合物。
[化16]
[化17]
[化18]
[化19]
[化20]
[化21]
(在通式(5)中,Ar5和Ar6相互独立,是取代或未取代的环碳原子数为6~50的芳基。
L1和L2相互独立,是取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚萘基、取代或未取代的亚芴基、或者取代或未取代的dibenzosilolylene基。
s是0~2的整数,p是1~4的整数,q是0~2的整数,r是0~4的整数。
另外,L1或Ar5结合在芘的1~5位的任意位置,L2或Ar6结合在芘的6~10位的任意位置。
其中,在p+r为偶数时,Ar5、Ar6、L1、和L2满足下述(1)或者(2)。
(1)Ar5≠Ar6和/或L1≠L2(在这里,“≠”表示不同结构的基团)
(2)Ar5=Ar6且L1=L2时
(2-1)s≠q和/或p≠r、或者
(2-2)s=q且pr时,
在(2-2-1)L1和L2、或者芘分别结合在Ar5和Ar6上的不同结合位置,或者(2-2-2)L1和L2、或者芘结合在Ar5和Ar6上的相同结合位置时,
L1和L2或者Ar5和Ar6在芘上的的取代位置不会是1位和6位、或者2位和7位。)
上述Ar5和Ar6以及L1和L2的各基团的具体例子或取代基,可以举出与上述通式(1)中说明的基团相同的例子。
通式(5)的芘衍生物的具体例子如下所示,但不限于这些例示化合物。
[化22]
[化23]
在本发明中,作为有机薄膜层为多层型的有机EL元件,可以举出以(阳极/空穴注入层/发光层/阴极)、(阳极/发光层/电子注入层/阴极)、(阳极/空穴注入层/发光层/电子注入层/阴极)等构成层叠的元件。
在上述多个层中,根据需要除了本发明的芳香族胺衍生物之外,还可以使用公知的发光材料,掺杂材料、空穴注入材料或电子注入材料。就有机EL元件而言,通过使上述有机薄膜层为多层结构,可以防止由猝灭(quenching)引起的亮度或寿命的降低。根据需要,可以组合使用发光材料、掺杂材料、空穴注入材料或电子注入材料。另外,通过掺杂材料可以提高发光亮度或发光效率,得到红色或蓝色的发光。另外,空穴注入层、发光层、电子注入层分别可以由二层以上的层构成形成。此时,在是空穴注入层的情况下,将从电极注入空穴的层称为空穴注入层,将从空穴注入层接收空穴并将空穴输送至发光层的层成为空穴输送层。同样地,在是电子注入层的情况下,将从电极注入电子的层称为电子注入层,将从电子注入层接收电子并将电子输送至发光层的层称为电子输送层。这些层可以根据材料的能级、耐热性、与有机层或金属电极的密接性等各种因素选择使用。
作为可以与本发明的芳香族胺衍生物一起用于发光层的上述通式(3)~(5)以外的基质材料或掺杂材料,例如可以举出萘、菲、红荧烯、蒽、丁省、芘、苝、十环烯、晕苯、四苯基环戊二烯、五苯基环戊二烯、芴、螺芴、9,10-二苯基蒽、9,10-双(苯基乙炔基)蒽、1,4-双(9’-乙炔基蒽基)苯等缩合多芳香族化合物以及它们的衍生物、三(8-羟基喹啉合)铝、双-(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉合)-4-(苯基苯酚合(phenylphenolinate))铝等有机金属配位化合物,三芳基胺衍生物、苯乙烯基胺衍生物、茋衍生物、香豆素衍生物、吡喃衍生物、噁嗪酮衍生物、苯并噻唑衍生物、苯并噁唑衍生物、苯并咪唑衍生物、吡嗪衍生物、肉桂酸酯衍生物、二氧代吡咯并吡咯衍生物、吖啶酮衍生物、喹吖酮衍生物等,但并不限于这些。
作为空穴注入材料,优选具备输送空穴的能力、具有来自阳极的空穴注入效果、对发光层或发光材料具有出色的空穴注入效果、防止由发光层生成的激发子向电子注入层或电子注入材料的移动、且薄膜形成能力出色的化合物。具体而言,可以举出酞菁衍生物、萘酞菁衍生物、卟啉衍生物、噁唑、噁二唑、三唑、咪唑、咪唑酮、咪唑硫酮(imidazole thione)、吡唑啉、吡唑啉酮、四氢咪唑、噁唑、噁二唑、腙、酰腙、多芳基烷烃、茋、丁二烯、联苯胺型三苯基胺、苯乙烯基胺型三苯基胺、二胺型三苯基胺等、以及它们的衍生物、以及聚乙烯基咔唑、聚硅烷、导电性高分子等高分子材料,但并不限于这些。
在可以用于本发明的有机EL元件的空穴注入材料中,更有效的空穴注入材料是芳香族叔胺衍生物以及酞菁衍生物。
作为芳香族叔胺衍生物,例如有三苯胺、三甲苯胺、甲苯基二苯基胺、N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-(3-甲基苯基)-1,1’-联苯基-4,4’-二胺、N,N,N’,N’-(4-甲基苯基)-1,1’-苯基-4,4’-二胺、N,N,N’,N’-(4-甲基苯基)-1,1’-联苯基-4,4’-二胺、N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-二萘基-1,1’-联苯基-4,4’-二胺、N,N’-(甲基苯基)-N,N’-(4-正丁基苯基)-菲-9,10-二胺、N,N’-双(4-二-四-甲苯基氨基苯基)-4-苯基-环己烷等,或者具有这些芳香族叔胺骨架的低聚物或聚合物,但并不限于这些。
作为酞菁(Pc)衍生物,例如有H2Pc、CuPc、CoPc、NiPc、ZnPc、PdPc、FePc、MnPc、ClAlPc、ClGaPc、ClInPc、ClSnPc、Cl2SiPc、(HO)AlPc、(HO)GaPc、VOPc、TiOPc、MoOPc、GaPc-O-GaPc等酞菁衍生物以及萘酞菁衍生物,但并不限于这些。
作为电子注入材料,优选具备输送电子的能力、具有来自阴极的电子注入效果、对发光层或发光材料具有出色的电子注入效果、防止由发光层生成的激发子向空穴注入层的移动、且薄膜形成能力出色的化合物。具体而言,可以举出芴酮、蒽醌二甲烷、二苯酚合苯醌、噻喃二氧化物、噁唑、噁二唑、三唑、咪唑、苝四羧酸、亚芴基甲烷、蒽醌二甲烷、蒽酮等和它们的衍生物,但并不限于这些。另外,还可以通过向空穴注入材料中添加电子接收物质、向电子注入材料中添加电子给予物质而使其增感。
在本发明的有机EL元件中,更有效的电子注入材料是金属配位化合物和含氮五员环衍生物。
作为上述金属配位化合物,例如可以举出8-羟基喹啉合锂、双(8-羟基喹啉合)锌、双(8-羟基喹啉合)铜、双(8-羟基喹啉合)锰、三(8-羟基喹啉合)铝、三(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉合)铝、三(8-羟基喹啉合)镓、双(10-羟基苯并[h]喹啉合)铍、双(10-羟基苯并[h]喹啉合)锌、双(2-甲基-8-喹啉合)氯化铍、双(2-甲基-8-喹啉合)(o-甲酚合)镓、双(2-甲基-8-喹啉合)(1-萘酚合)铝、双(2-甲基-8-喹啉合)(2-萘酚合)镓等,但并不限于这些。
上述含氮五员环衍生物优选噁唑、噻唑、噁二唑、噻二唑或三唑衍生物。具体而言,可以举出2,5-双(1-苯基)-1,3,4-噁唑、二甲基POPOP、2,5-双(1-苯基)-1,3,4-噻唑、2,5-双(1-苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、2-(4’-叔丁基苯基)-5-(4”-联苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、2,5-双(1-萘基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、1,4-双[2-(5-苯基噁二唑基)]苯、1,4-双[2-(5-苯基噁二唑基)-4-叔丁基苯]、2-(4’-叔丁基苯基)-5-(4”-联苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑、2,5-双(1-萘基)-1,3,4-噻二唑、1,4-双[2-(5-苯基噻二唑基)]苯、2-(4’-叔丁基苯基)-5-(4”-联苯基)-1,3,4-三唑、2,5-双(1-萘基)-1,3,4-三唑、1,4-双[2-(5-苯基三唑基)]苯等,但并不限于这些。
在本发明的有机EL元件中,发光层中除了含有从通式(1)或(2)中选择的至少一种芳香族胺衍生物之外,还可以在同一层中含有发光材料、掺杂材料、空穴注入材料以及电子注入材料中的至少一种。另外,本发明的有机EL元件,为了提高相对于温度、湿度、气氛等的稳定性,在元件的表面设置保护层,还可以利用硅油、树脂等保护整个元件。
作为在本发明的有机EL元件的阳极可使用的导电性材料,优选功函数大于4eV的材料,可以使用碳、铝、钒、铁、钴、镍、钨、银、金、铂、钯等以及它们的合金,在ITO基板、NESA基板中可使用的氧化锡、氧化铟等氧化金属,进而还可以使用聚噻吩或聚吡咯等有机导电性树脂。作为在阴极使用的导电性物质,适合使用功函数小于4eV的材料,可以使用镁、钙、锡、铅、钛、钇、锂、钌、锰、铝、氟化锂等以及它们的合金,但并不限于这些。作为合金,可以举出镁/银、镁/铟、锂/铝等作为代表例子,但并不限于这些。合金的比率被蒸镀源的温度、气氛、真空度等所控制,可以选择成适当的比率。阳极和阴极根据需要可以由二层以上的层构成所形成。
在本发明的有机EL元件中,为了进行有效发光,至少一方的面优选在元件的发光波长区域足够透明。另外,优选基板也是透明的。透明电极使用上述的导电性材料,并以蒸镀或溅射等方法设定成可以确保规定的透光性。发光面的电极优选其光透过率为10%以上。基板只要具有机械和热强度且具有透明性,就没有特别限制,例如有玻璃基板和透明性树脂薄膜。作为透明性树脂薄膜,可以举出聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、尼龙、聚醚醚酮、聚砜、聚醚砜、四氟乙烯-全氟代烷基乙烯基醚共聚物、聚氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、聚氯三氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯等。
本发明的有机EL元件的各层的形成,可以应用真空蒸镀、溅射、等离子、离子镀等干式成膜法,或旋涂法、浸渍法、流涂法等湿式成膜法中的任何方法。对膜厚没有特别限制,但需要设定成适当的膜厚。当膜厚过厚时,为了得到一定的光输出,需要施加较大的施加电压,效率变差。当膜厚过薄时,会产生小孔等,即使施加电场也无法得到足够的发光亮度。通常膜厚在5nm~10μm的范围内比较适合,但进一步优选10nm~0.2μm的范围。
在是湿式成膜法的情况下,将形成各层的材料溶解或分散在乙醇、氯仿、四氢呋喃、二噁烷等适当的溶剂中,形成薄膜,但其溶剂可以是任意溶剂。另外,在任何有机薄膜层中,为了提高成膜性、防止膜的小孔等,可以使用适当的树脂或添加剂。作为可以使用的树脂,可以举出聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、多芳基化合物、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚砜、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸甲酯、纤维素等绝缘性树脂以及它们的共聚物,聚-N-乙烯基咔唑、聚硅烷等光导电性树脂,聚噻吩、聚吡咯等导电性树脂。另外,作为添加剂,可以举出防氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、增塑剂等。
本发明的有机EL元件,可以用于壁挂电视的平板显示器等平面发光体、复印机、打印机、液晶显示器的背光灯或仪表类等的光源、显示板、识别信号灯等。另外,本发明的材料不仅可以用于有机EL元件,还可以在电子照相光感受器、光电变换元件、太阳电池、图像传感器等领域中使用。
实施例
接着,使用实施例进一步详细说明本发明。
合成实施例1(化合物(D-24)的合成)
在氩气气流下,向带有冷却管的300mL三口烧瓶中添加6,12-二溴3.8g(10mmol)、(4’-环己基苯基)-3,5-二甲基苯基胺7.0g(25mmol)、醋酸钯0.03g(1.5mol%)、三叔丁基膦0.06g(3mol%)、叔丁氧基钠2.4g(25mmol)、干燥甲苯100mL,然后在100℃下加热搅拌一晚。反应结束后,滤取已析出的结晶,用甲苯50mL、甲醇100mL洗净,得到淡黄色粉末6.6g。利用1H-NMR光谱(图1)和FD-MS(场解吸质谱法)进行测定,鉴定该物质为化合物(D-24)(收率85%)。其中,1H-NMR光谱是使用Brucker公司制的DRX-500(重氯化亚甲基(重塩化メチレン)溶剂)进行测定。另外,对于得到的化合物,在甲苯溶液中测定的最大吸收波长为407nm,最大荧光波长为453nm。
合成实施例2(化合物(D-26)的合成)
在氩气气流下,向带有冷却管的300mL三口烧瓶中添加6,12-二溴3.8g(10mmol)、(4’-环己基苯基)-4-异丙基苯基胺7.3g(25mmol)、醋酸钯0.03g(1.5mol%)、三叔丁基膦0.06g(3mol%)、叔丁氧基钠2.4g(25mmol)、干燥甲苯100mL,然后在100℃下加热搅拌一晚。反应结束后,滤取已析出的结晶,用甲苯50mL、甲醇100mL洗净,得到淡黄色粉末7.7g。与合成实施例1一样利用1H-NMR光谱(图2)和FD-MS进行测定,鉴定该物质为化合物(D-26)(收率95%)。对于得到的化合物,在甲苯溶液中测定的最大吸收波长为407nm,最大荧光波长为455nm。
合成实施例3(化合物(D-36)的合成)
在氩气气流下,向带有冷却管的300mL三口烧瓶中添加6,12-二溴3.8g(10mmol)、双(4’-环己基苯基)胺8.3g(25mmol)、醋酸钯0.03g(1.5mol%)、三叔丁基膦0.06g(3mol%)、叔丁氧基钠2.4g(25mmol)、干燥甲苯100mL,然后在100℃下加热搅拌一晚。反应结束后,滤取已析出的结晶,用甲苯50mL、甲醇100mL洗净,得到淡黄色粉末6.7g。与合成实施例1一样利用1H-NMR光谱(图3)和FD-MS进行测定,鉴定该物质为化合物(D-36)(收率78%)。对于得到的化合物,在甲苯溶液中测定的最大吸收波长为409nm,最大荧光波长为457nm。
合成实施例4(化合物(D-79)的合成)
在氩气气流下,向带有冷却管的300mL三口烧瓶中添加6,12-二溴3.8g(10mmol)、N-(4-异丙基苯基)-4-(4-丙基环己基)苯基胺8.4g(25mmol)、醋酸钯0.03g(1.5mol%)、三叔丁基膦0.06g(3mol%)、叔丁氧基钠2.4g(25mmol)、干燥甲苯100mL,然后在100℃下加热搅拌一晚。反应结束后,滤取已析出的结晶,用甲苯50mL、甲醇100mL洗净,得到淡黄色粉末8.5g。与合成实施例1一样利用1H-NMR光谱(图4)和FD-MS进行测定,鉴定该物质为化合物(D-79)(收率95%)。对于得到的化合物,在甲苯溶液中测定的最大吸收波长为408nm,最大荧光波长为456nm。
实施例1
在25×75×1.1mm尺寸的玻璃基板上,设置膜厚120nm由铟锡氧化物构成的透明电极。向该玻璃基板照射紫外线和臭氧进行清洗,然后在真空蒸镀装置中设置该基板。
首先,作为空穴注入层,蒸镀N’,N”-双[4-(二苯基氨基)苯基]-N’,N”-二苯基联苯基-4,4’-二胺并使其厚度为60nm,然后在其上蒸镀N,N,N’,N’-四(4-联苯基)-4,4’-联苯胺并使其厚度为20nm,作为空穴输送层。接着,以40∶2的重量比同时蒸镀10,10’-双[1,1’,4’,1”]三联苯-2-基-9,9’-联二蒽基和上述化合物(D-26),形成厚40nm的发光层。
接着,作为电子注入层,蒸镀三(8-羟基喹啉合)铝并使其厚度为20nm。接着,蒸镀氟化锂并使其厚度为1nm,接着蒸镀铝并使其厚度为150nm。该铝/氟化锂发挥阴极功能。由此制作有机EL元件。
对得到的元件进行通电试验,结果以电压6.5V、电流密度10mA/cm2,得到发光效率6.3cd/A、发光亮度630cd/m2的蓝色发光(发光最大波长:464nm)。以初始亮度500cd/m2进行直流的连续通电试验,结果半衰寿命为10000小时。
实施例2
在实施例1中,使用化合物(D-22)来代替化合物(D-26),除此之外,同样地制作有机EL元件。
对得到的元件进行通电试验,结果以电压6.5V、电流密度10mA/cm2,得到发光效率6.7cd/A、发光亮度672cd/m2的蓝色发光(发光最大波长:466nm)。以初始亮度500cd/m2进行直流的连续通电试验,结果半衰寿命为11500小时。
实施例3
在实施例1中,使用化合物(D-24)来代替化合物(D-26),除此之外,同样地制作有机EL元件。
对得到的元件进行通电试验,结果以电压6.5V、电流密度10mA/cm2,得到发光效率6.1cd/A、发光亮度610cd/m2的蓝色发光(发光最大波长:462nm)。以初始亮度500cd/m2进行直流的连续通电试验,结果半衰寿命为8000小时。
比较例1
对得到的元件进行通电试验,结果以电压6.5V、电流密度10mA/cm2,得到发光效率5.9cd/A、发光亮度594cd/m2的蓝色发光(发光最大波长:462nm)。以初始亮度500cd/m2进行直流的连续通电试验,结果半衰寿命为4590小时。
根据以上的结果可知,与实施例1~3的有机EL元件相比,末端苯环没有结合环己基的比较例1的有机EL元件,因为化合物之间会合,所以半衰寿命缩短。
工业上的可利用性
如以上详细说明所示,使用了本发明的芳香族胺衍生物的有机EL元件,以较低的施加电压得到足以实用的发光亮度,发光效率高,即使长时间使用也难以劣化而寿命较长。为此,作为壁挂电视的平面发光体或显示器的背光灯等光源是有用的。
Claims (7)
2.如权利要求1所述的芳香族胺衍生物,其中,
其是有机电致发光元件用的掺杂材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的芳香族胺衍生物,其中,A1~A4分别独立地表示甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-乙基苯基、联苯基、萘基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基。
4.一种有机电致发光元件,其是在阴极和阳极之间夹持有至少含有发光层的由一层或多层形成的有机薄膜层的有机电致发光元件,其中,
该有机薄膜层的至少一层单独或作为混合物的成分含有权利要求1所述的芳香族胺衍生物。
5.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光元件,其中,
所述发光层以单独的形式或以混合物的成分形式含有权利要求1所述的芳香族胺衍生物。
6.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光元件,其中,
所述发光层含有权利要求1所述的芳香族胺衍生物0.1~20重量%。
7.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光元件,其中,
其发出蓝色系的光。
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EP1847525B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
CN101115708A (zh) | 2008-01-30 |
TWI354658B (zh) | 2011-12-21 |
US7737628B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 |
EP1847525A4 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
JP4308294B2 (ja) | 2009-08-05 |
US20060194074A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
JPWO2006082705A1 (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
DE602006018864D1 (de) | 2011-01-27 |
KR101267124B1 (ko) | 2013-05-23 |
WO2006082705A1 (ja) | 2006-08-10 |
KR20070101306A (ko) | 2007-10-16 |
EP1847525A1 (en) | 2007-10-24 |
TW200635877A (en) | 2006-10-16 |
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