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CN101095261A - 用于雷达收发机的天线装置 - Google Patents

用于雷达收发机的天线装置 Download PDF

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CN101095261A
CN101095261A CNA2005800457020A CN200580045702A CN101095261A CN 101095261 A CN101095261 A CN 101095261A CN A2005800457020 A CNA2005800457020 A CN A2005800457020A CN 200580045702 A CN200580045702 A CN 200580045702A CN 101095261 A CN101095261 A CN 101095261A
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antenna
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K·福格特伦德
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/22Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element
    • H01Q19/24Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. H-antenna
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    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
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Abstract

在一种用于雷达收发机的天线装置中,其中该雷达收发机特别是用于在带有至少一个天线的机动车的环境中的距离确定和/或速度确定,所述天线装置包括至少一个设置在芯片(101)上的第一部分(110;112;114,115)和与所述第一部分(110;112;114,115)间隔有距离地设置的并且与所述第一部分(110;112;114,115)辐射耦合的第二部分(210),所述天线的第二部分(210)设置在天线承载体(400)上或者设置在另外的芯片(420)上,该第二部分在所述第一部分(110;112;114,115)上通过倒装芯片连接(300)固定。

Description

用于雷达收发机的天线装置
现有技术
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分的、雷达收发机的天线装置,该雷达收发机特别是用于在机动车的环境中确定距离和/或速度。
这种雷达收发机、即发送/接收模块在微波和毫米波领域中用于在空间中定位物体或者用于确定速度,特别是机动车的速度。这种雷达收发机特别地被用于驾驶员辅助系统,这些系统例如用于确定在一个车辆前面行驶的另外的车辆的距离以及用于距离调节。在此,这种雷达收发机为了在空间中定位物体以及为了确定速度而发出电磁波形式的超高频的信号,这些信号被目标物体反射,并且又被雷达收发机接收并且进一步处理。在此,通常多个这种雷达收发机被连接为一个总模块。在使用在汽车中的情况下,优选地使用在76至81GHz范围中的频率。
由DE 196 48 203 A1已公开了一种多辐射的机动车雷达系统。在这种雷达系统中,发射和接收单元以及天线被设置在不同的承载体上。
由本申请人的未被提前公开的序列号为309374申请中,给出一种用于单片雷达收发机的、具有尤其是非常薄的电学上起作用的氧化物层的、技术上简单并且可低成本地制造的天线装置,该收发机在高的工作频率上,特别是在76至81GHz的范围中提供了大的可复制性、高的可靠性和高的带宽。为此规定,该天线包括设置在芯片上的第一部分和一个与所述第一部分间隔有距离地设置的并且辐射耦合到该第一部分上的第二部分。所述第二部分在此例如被设置在天线罩上。
两个天线部分可以通过贴片(Patch)或者偶极子或者也可通过缝隙来形成,其中贴片或者偶极子通过一个与其对置的另外的贴片、缝隙或者偶极子来激励。
通过在同样具有公差的辐射的装置部分/子部分上设置带有天线结构的带有公差的壳体部分,形成了高的公差链,其中所述装置部分/子部分此外还具有定位公差。它们在小于30GHz的频率范围中还可以被控制,然而在较高的频率的情况下、特别是在超过76GHz的频率范围中则强烈地上升,并且只能以大的开销来考虑。经验上的研究得出了在122GHz时大约20μm的绝对公差。这种公差允许尺寸在机械上非常难以实现。
因此本发明的任务在于,将这种类型的用于雷达收发机的天线装置这样地改进,使得在雷达收发机的并且特别是其天线的部件的简单安装的情况下,即使在77、120或者140GHz附近的频率范围中也得到高的可复制性和高的可靠性。
发明优点
该任务通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的用于雷达收发机的天线装置解决。
本发明的基本思想在于,将天线的第二部分设置在天线承载体或者另外的芯片上,该天线承载体或者另外的芯片本身通过倒装芯片连接(Flip-Chip-Verbindungen)固定在第一部分上面。这样,天线的第二部分不会如现有技术中所公开的那样被固定在壳体部分上,该壳体部分通过机械的安装被设置在天线的构成天线辐射部分的第一部分上面。通过在倒装芯片连接中由于表面张力而引起的自聚集(selbstfokussierende)作用,天线承载体或者另外的芯片以及由此天线的第二部分被对准到设置在芯片上的第一天线部分。在此,可以实现小于20μm的公差尺寸。
天线承载体可以由极为不同的材料构成。在一种有利的实施形式中规定,天线承载体通过软板衬底(Softboard-Substrat)构成。然而它也可以由金属化的陶瓷承载体来实现。
在其上设置了天线第一部分的芯片同样可以由软板衬底构成。然而它也可以是陶瓷或者低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)。
所述芯片和所述另外的芯片可以通过硅和/或硅锗和/或硅锗芯片构成:这种芯片随后又可以被安装在由软板、陶瓷或者LTCC制成的承载体上。芯片和承载体在这种情况下形成一个单元。
倒装芯片连接优选地通过基本上截断的球形的焊接连接、所谓的凸点(Bump)来实现。在具有100μm的球直径的凸点的情况下,通过这种方式可以实现在第一和第二天线部分之间的小于20μm的公差。
在一种优选的实施形式中规定,焊接连接的至少一部分构成了一个屏蔽物质(Abschirmmasse),该屏蔽物质与芯片的物质(Masse)导电连接。由此,可以实现一种附加的上部的屏蔽物质,它被引导到雷达收发机的电路上。
屏蔽可以极有利地通过这种方式来进一步改善,即焊接连接、所谓的凸点彼此具有一个距离,该距离小于通过天线发射的射线的波长的1/10。
天线承载体以倒装芯片连接技术设置在一个芯片上的天线第一部分上面具有大的优点,即由于所描述的自聚集,可以实现非常精确的可复制性。此外,即使芯片本身被安装倾斜了,也可以实现,将天线承载体平行于在其上设置天线第一部分的芯片表面地安装。
由于紧凑的构造方式,除了天线承载体外还可以构造例如至另外的部分、贯穿接触部、多层衬底情况下的较下部的印制导线和类似部分上的键合连接。
本发明的另外的优点和特征是随后的描述以及实施例的图示的主题。
附图
在附图中:
图1示意性示出了以贴片-贴片耦合的雷达收发机的、本发明所使用的天线装置的一个实施例的剖面图;
图2以透视图示意性示出了在图1中所示出的天线装置;
图3示意性示出了以缝隙-贴片耦合的雷达收发机的、本发明所使用的天线装置的另一实施例;
图4示出了用于以贴片一对称的偶极子耦合的雷达收发机的、本发明所使用的天线装置的另一实施例,以及
图5示出了用于带有物质边缘(Masserand)的以贴片-贴片耦合的雷达收发机的、本发明所使用的天线装置的一个实施例。
实施例描述
在图1和图2中所示的雷达收发机包括芯片101,所述芯片被设置在承载体100、例如软板衬底或者陶瓷上。在软板衬底上设置了天线的第一部分110。在天线的第一部分110上方、例如一个贴片的上方设置了一个金属的第二天线部分210,该第二天线部分由天线承载体400、例如同样由软板衬底承载。
替代天线承载体400,也可以设置另外的、承载该天线部分的芯片420。
天线承载体400或者另外的芯片420在芯片101或者承载体100上借助所谓的凸点300、即焊接连接以倒装芯片技术被固定在接触面203、403上,其中所述凸点基本上具有截断的球形的构型。通过由于表面张力而引起的自聚集作用,通过这种方式的固定,实现了两个天线部分彼此的高精度的对准。这样,在凸点300的直径为100μm的情况下,可以实现小于20μm的公差。由此,天线的第二部分210、即金属的天线结构可以非常精确地被固定在天线的第一部分110、即设置在芯片101或者承载体100上的贴片的上方。
另外的芯片420可以通过凸点非常有利地被控制,此外,该芯片本身理论上还可以设置在另外的承载体上(未被示出)。
在图3、4和5中所示的实施例中,与图1和图2中相同的元件被设置以形同的参考标号,使得关于它们的描述参考上面所述。与在图1和图2中所示的实施例不同,在图3中所示的实施例中设置了所谓的缝隙一贴片耦合,即在芯片101上替代贴片设置了缝隙112作为第一天线部分。
在图4中示出的实施例示出了一种对称的偶极子一贴片耦合。在此,在芯片上设置了对称的偶极子114、115,其形成第一天线部分。在其上方设置了贴片210作为第二天线部分。
显而易见的是,本发明并不局限于所示的天线结构,而是理论上也可以设置所有任意的其它形状,如矩形、圆形、倾斜的贴片或者偶极子。此外,缝隙耦合的各种不同的形状也是可能的,例如矩形、圆形、波导馈送装置等等。
焊点、所谓的凸点300的数目可以被任意选择。然而凸点300也可以有针对性地用于将在天线承载体上的物质边缘(Masseumrandung)贯穿引导至下部的物质(Masse)。通过这种方式,得到对于不希望的辐射的更好的屏蔽,如示例性地在图5中示出的那样。图5与在图1和2中示出的实施例不同之处在于,除了两个天线部分110、210之外,在天线承载体400上设置了附加的物质边缘220,该物质边缘与设置在芯片101上的物质导电相连。
芯片101可以是硅芯片、硅锗芯片或者硅锗:碳芯片。其也可以通过CMOS器件形成。承载体100和另外的(未被示出的)承载体优选地通过软板、陶瓷或者低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)形成,在该另外的承载体上可以设置另外的芯片420。
凸点300彼此的距离原则上可以任意选择。为了实现附加的屏蔽作用,凸点的距离应该小于由天线装置所发射的波长的1/10。

Claims (8)

1.用于雷达收发机的天线装置,该雷达收发机特别是用于在具有至少一个天线的机动车的环境中的距离确定和/或速度确定,所述天线装置包括至少一个设置在一个芯片(101)上的第一部分(110;112;114,115)和一个与所述第一部分(110;112;114,115)间隔有距离地设置的并且与所述第一部分(110;112;114,115)辐射耦合的第二部分(210),其特征在于,天线的所述第二部分(210)设置在一个天线承载体(400)或者一个另外的芯片(420)上,该天线承载体或者该另外的芯片通过倒装芯片连接(300)固定在所述第一部分(110;112;114,115)的上方。
2.根据权利要求1的天线装置,其特征在于,所述天线承载体(400)是软板衬底。
3.根据权利要求1或2的天线装置,其特征在于,所述芯片(101)和/或所述另外的芯片(420)由一种或多种以下材料构成:硅芯片、硅锗芯片、硅锗:碳芯片;CMOS组件。
4.根据上述权利要求之一的天线装置,其特征在于,所述芯片(101)设置在一个由一种或多种以下材料制成的承载体(100)上:软板衬底;陶瓷;低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)。
5.根据上述权利要求之一的天线装置,其特征在于,所述倒装芯片连接基本上是截断的球形的焊接连接(300)。
6.根据权利要求5的天线装置,其特征在于,所述另外的芯片(420)可以通过所述焊接连接(300)被接通。
7.根据权利要求5或6的天线装置,其特征在于,所述焊接连接(300)的至少一部分构成了一个屏蔽物质(220),该屏蔽物质与芯片(101)的物质导电连接。
8.根据权利要求5至7之一的天线装置,其特征在于,所述焊接连接(300)彼此之间的距离小于通过所述天线发射的射线的波长的1/10。
CNA2005800457020A 2004-12-30 2005-11-28 用于雷达收发机的天线装置 Pending CN101095261A (zh)

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