CN101057550A - Closed type fully using artificial light environment controlled plant factory - Google Patents
Closed type fully using artificial light environment controlled plant factory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种密闭式完全利用人工光的环境控制型植物工厂，包括围护结构、空气循环系统、温度调节系统、湿度调节系统、CO2供给系统、光源供给系统，还包括基于嵌入式网络技术的控制系统和自动计电系统；本系统是密闭隔热不透光的，并且完全采用人工光源；通过控制系统，对系统内的温度、湿度、CO2浓度、光照、风向、风速等环境因子进行网络化监测和控制，将空气洁净与环境控制相结合，为植物生产提供清洁的、最适的生长环境。本发明具有低成本、低能耗的优点，可直接应用于无农药、高品质和高附加值的植物遗传资源和低成本化的大量快繁和大规模种苗生产，实现规格化和标准化的栽培管理和计划生产。The invention discloses a closed environment-controlled plant factory that fully utilizes artificial light, including an enclosure structure, an air circulation system, a temperature regulation system, a humidity regulation system, a CO2 supply system, a light source supply system, and an embedded Network technology control system and automatic electricity metering system; this system is airtight, heat-insulated and opaque, and completely uses artificial light sources; through the control system, the temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, light, wind direction, wind speed, etc. Environmental factors are monitored and controlled through the network, and air cleanliness and environmental control are combined to provide a clean and optimal growth environment for plant production. The invention has the advantages of low cost and low energy consumption, and can be directly applied to plant genetic resources with no pesticides, high quality and high added value, and low-cost mass rapid propagation and large-scale seedling production to realize standardized and standardized cultivation Manage and plan production.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to environment control field, be specifically related to a kind of environmental-control type plant factor.
Background technology
In recent years, aspects such as Industrial Agriculture in Our Country field such as chamber facility type, cultivation mode, quality of agricultural product have obtained rapid progress, but do not break through China's extensive style and empirical formula technical level substantially at aspects such as environment controlling technique and intelligent production managements, also there is a big difference as Japan, the U.S., Israel and the Dutch level of production from developed country.Because the uncertainty of agricultural production, complexity and to demand cheaply, microelectric technique is promoted in the application popularization of agriculture field and is lagged far behind other fields such as industry, military affairs, much also fails to obtain practical application in China from the environment controlling technique expensive, high energy consumption of external introduction.Therefore, China needs exploitation as early as possible to have the low cost of the suitable China's national situation of independent intellectual property right, the environment that the batch production of low energy consumption is produced is controlled and intelligent production management technology.Utilize rational environment conditioning technology can not only improve the yield and quality of agricultural product, can also regulate the commodity Time To Market, realize standardization, standardization, production becomes more meticulous, thoroughly the agricultural production of traditional extensive style, empirical formula is transformed into meticulous formula, intellectual batch production production, increases substantially economic benefit, social benefit and the ecological benefits of agricultural production.
Plant factor's production system is divided into the two big classes that natural daylight utilizes type and artificial light and the natural daylight and the type of using according to the difference in illumination source on the our times.Natural daylight utilizes type plant factor to utilize natural daylight, and factory building is the large glass greenhouse or connects a plastic green house, indoor monitoring and the adjusting device that various envirment factors are set.How many this class plant factors is subjected to the influence of natural conditions, and the plantation floristics also has to a certain degree restriction, and its biggest problem is low cost and the low energy consumption that how to realize that cooling in summer and winter heat.Natural daylight and artificial light and directly utilize sunshine by day with type plant factor are not enough or day long start light compensating apparatus when not enough and carry out illumination, indoor monitoring and the adjusting device that is provided with various envirment factors when insolation.Plant factor compares than the natural daylight type, and natural daylight and artificial light are not subject to the influence of natural conditions also with being provided with light compensating apparatus in the type plant factor, but its expensive and high energy consumption problem that does not solve cooling in summer and heat winter.In recent years, though someone continuous proposition adopts artificial light source such as high-pressure mercury lamp, metal-halide lamp, fluorescent lamp, light emitting diode, laser etc. to carry out the motion of plant factor's production fully, still since the feature limits of expensiveization and high energy consumption its technical development.Therefore, the environment controlling technique that how to realize low-cost and low energy consumption is the technical bottleneck that promotes plant factor's practicability production.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The object of the present invention is to provide the environmental-control type plant factor that a kind of cost is low, energy consumption is low.
(2) technical scheme
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts complete heat insulation light-proof material to build up the environmental-control type plant factor that utilizes artificial light fully of a closed, make plant production be completely free of the influence of natural environment, independent development based on the environmental control system of built-in network technology, to intrasystem temperature, humidity, CO
2Envirment factors such as concentration, illumination, wind direction, wind speed are monitored and are controlled, and air cleaning are combined with environment control, for plant production provides growing environment cleaning, the suitableeest.
A kind of closed disclosed by the invention is utilized the environmental-control type plant factor of artificial light fully, comprises building enclosure, air circulation system, humidity control system, humidity control system, CO
2Feed system, light source feed system also comprise the control system based on the built-in network technology; Control system monitoring and control air circulation system, humidity control system, humidity control system, CO
2The state of feed system, light source feed system and operation.
Wherein, building enclosure is airtight, heat insulation, lighttight, it can be made by heat insulation color steel, can play the effect of insulation and closed environment, the exchange of the matter and energy inside and outside the system that will produce because of ventilation is controlled at Min., and the inboard dewfall of wallboard can prevent that indoor/outdoor temperature-difference is big the time.Therefore, the temperature and humidity of air is controlled easily in the system, for energy saving provides physical property building structure.
Wherein, air circulation system adopts the malleation self-circulation mode, comprises return fan, pressure fan, roughing efficiency air filter and high efficiency particulate air filter, adopt both sides air-supply and top air return method, air is sucked by return fan, through roughing efficiency air filter and high efficiency particulate air filter double-filtration, is sent by pressure fan; The air of indoor consumption is replenished by outdoor, and outdoor air is controlled by air-valve, through roughing efficiency air filter and high efficiency particulate air filter double-filtration, sends into air circulation system, guarantees the clean and sufficient of air.
Wherein, humidity control system comprises the air-conditioning unit, organizes compressor and pressure controller more, described air-conditioning unit can be the cold and hot duct type air conditioner group of a cover, the heating of air-conditioning and refrigeration interlocking are (promptly when air-conditioning heats, its refrigeration is closed, and heating is closed during refrigeration) to avoid both opening generations simultaneously.Simultaneously, this system decides the workbench number that starts compressor by pressure controller according to the thermic load of internal system, to guarantee minimum energy consumption.
Wherein, moisture control system adopts humidifier and water purification machine, and described humidifier can be the duct type ultrasonic humidifier, and the water supply of humidifier adopts water purification machine to cross the pure water of filtration, to guarantee the service life that ultrasonic humidifier is enough and to reduce the regular maintenance number of times.
Wherein, CO
2Feed system adopts liquid CO is housed
2Steel cylinder provides CO for system
2Gas by pressure-regulating valve, flowmeter, magnetic valve, links to each other with air supply duct, will regulate and control CO by circulating fan
2The gas of concentration is sent into internal system.CO
2Body solenoid supply valve and light source feed system interlock control, only when illumination is opened, CO
2Solenoid supply valve just can be opened, thus dispensing CO when having avoided dark phase
2The waste that causes.
Wherein, the light source feed system comprises light-emitting device and control cabinet, and wherein light-emitting device can be fluorescent lamp (YZ36RL, lighting source Co., Ltd of Beijing Panasonic, Beijing, a China).Utilize the specific light-emitting device close to provide rational illumination for plant growing with plant absorbing spectrum; control cabinet comprises timer, power-off protection apparatus and organizes switch more; the light-emitting device grouping links to each other with control cabinet; controlled case control, each cultivates zone all separate configurations control cabinet and light-emitting device.And the time and intensity of illumination adopts regularly stepping mode, provides different illumination intensity and photoperiodic photoenvironment at the different nurturing periods, has both satisfied the needs of the different vegetative stages of plant, also can realize cost degradation and saves energy.About 30% effective luminous basic can the absorption by plant of specific fluorescent lamp, other 70% luminously change into the thermal environment that thermal source is kept internal system.Because whole system is hedged off from the outer world, system all can keep certain heat balance in bright phase and dark phase.The achievement coefficient of air-conditioning system reaches after 5, has not only improved the light utilization ratio of artificial light source, has also improved the electric energy service efficiency greatly.
Wherein, based on the control system of built-in network technology, comprise control module, distributed relay module and the envirment factor monitoring sensor and the calculator of many group built-in networks.The envirment factor monitoring sensor is used to monitor the environmental aspect in the whole system, utilize ethernet concentrator will organize embedded type control module more and connect to form LAN, and be connected with calculator, control module based on the built-in network technology becomes data signal with the analog signal conversion that sensor detects, and send calculator to, all detection signals are via the control software analysis, relatively, after the prediction, control model according to energy source optimization is sent control instruction with the suitableeest control principle of feeding back based on plant environment, through control module action command is passed to relay module, thereby start or close corresponding executing agency, and by calculator to all control parameters in the system, Monitoring Data and image dynamically carry out the WEB issue in real time.Wherein, the envirment factor monitoring sensor comprises: air velocity transducer, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, CO
2Concentration sensor if adopt the water planting mode to cultivate or the nutrient solution automatic irrigation, then also comprises acid-base value (pH) sensor and conductivity (EC) sensor.
The present invention has also designed automatic meter electric system, in whole closed plant factor, used multi-functional three-phase of polylith or single-phase ammeter power consumption from all executing agencies of moving metering, these ammeters link to each other with supervisory control comuter by 485 PORT COMs, and communications protocol is supported international " multifunctional electric energy meter communication protocol " (Multi-function watt-hour meter communicationprotocol) DL/T645-1997 standard.Automatically the meter electric system carries out statistical calculation respectively at the power consumption of each consumer in the system (as air-conditioning, blower fan, illumination, humidifier etc.), the electricity consumption situation of clear and definite each consumer, and send statistics to control system, investigate by performance each consumer, further optimization system control scheme provides reference frame for saving power consumption and improving the electric energy service efficiency.
The present invention has also designed the water recycle device, comprises air conditioner condensation apparatus for recovering and humidifier overflow water retracting device, and the water of recovery enters the nutrition liquid irrigation system after filtering and carries out regeneration.
Plant factor provided by the invention can adopt the multi-layer solid cultivation mode of multilayer culturing rack, when adopting this planting type, the diffusing head piece of the air-supply of air circulation system is corresponding one by one with the multilayer culturing rack, can reduce the big problem of temperature contrast on the vertical direction that causes because of the light-emitting device unlatching effectively; Simultaneously, at equal separate configurations control cabinet of each culturing rack and light-emitting device, make the light application time of each culturing rack and the intensity of illumination of each layer independently to control the light source feed system.
(3) beneficial effect
A kind of closed provided by the invention utilizes the environmental-control type plant factor of artificial light to have the following advantages fully:
(1) adopt the lighttight building enclosure of closed heat insulation, make indoor and outdoor energy and mass exchange maintain Min., this plant factor can not be subjected to the restriction of season, weather and region.
(2) CO
2Feed system and light source feed system interlock control have improved CO
2Utilization ratio;
(3) adopt multi-layer solid cultivation to improve space availability ratio, thereby realize that in limited space large-scale production increases substantially yield per unit area;
(4) adopt each each culturing rack separate configurations control cabinet of zone and specific light-emitting device such as specific fluorescent lamp, can provide different light application time and intensities of illumination at different needs, improve the utilization ratio of luminous energy, and the demand in corresponding different plant focus rings border;
(5) utilization ratio that has improved water is used in the recovery of air conditioner condensate water and humidifier overflow;
(6) environmental control system based on the built-in network technology has realized real-time and dynamic environmental monitoring and control, the self-learning function of system makes system constantly revise its suitableeest operational mode in accumulation operating experience, manager and developer utilize WEB dynamically to issue supervisory control system running at any time, thereby have progressively realized the standardization of system, the control of intelligentized environment and production management;
In sum, plant factor disclosed by the invention can realize low cost, low energy consumption, easy and simple to handle, is applicable to standardization, the control of normalized environment and production management.
The present invention can directly apply to a large amount of breeding and the large-scale production fast of the cost degradation of the plant genetic resources of no agricultural chemicals, high-quality and high added value and seedling, realizes standardization and normalized cultivation management and planned production.Be applicable to that mainly various new varieties, detoxic seedling, transgenic seedling etc. are difficult for a large amount of breeding and the large-scale productions fast of the cost degradation of seedling such as the flowers of seed growing, forest, vegetables, middle medicinal herbs or plant, and the batch production production of mushroom, moss, insect; Also can be applicable to the scientific research and testing in fields such as various environment controls, plant physiology resistance, tissue culture, genetic breeding, also can carry out the technological development that plant information detects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system schematic that closed is utilized the environmental-control type plant factor of artificial light fully;
Fig. 2 is based on the hardware configuration schematic diagram of the control system of built-in network technology;
Fig. 3 is the automatic meter electric system structural representation of closed plant factor;
Fig. 4 is an illumination control cabinet structural representation.
Among Fig. 1: 1, building enclosure; 2, air-supply passageway; 3, air outlet; 4, ventilation shaft; 5, Temperature Humidity Sensor; 6, air velocity transducer; 7, volume damper; 8, return air fan; 9, return air inlet; 10, air-conditioning; 11, breeze fan; 12, high efficiency particulate air filter; 13, humidifier; 14, magnetic valve; 15, distribution box; 16, system's control cabinet; 17, roughing efficiency air filter; 18, CO
2Air supply pipe; 19, ventilation shaft; 20, CO
2Gas cylinder; 21, water purification machine; 22, humidifier water inlet pipe; 23, water tank; 24, return pipe; 25, nutrient solution case; 26, indoor CO
2Sensor; 27, indoor temperature and humidity sensor; 28, the air-valve that enters of control room outer air; 29, the Temperature Humidity Sensor of air-supply place; 30, power-off protection apparatus; 31, timer; 32, switch; 33, ammeter; 34, calculator; 35,485 PORT COMs.
Specific embodiment
Further describe the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but be not used for limiting protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, enclosed structure 1 is made by heat insulation color steel, for system provides airtight, heat insulation, lighttight physical property building structure.The air circulation system that adopts is a malleation self-circulation system, utilizes ventilation shaft 4 that each equipment is connected, and forms an airtight circulation canal.Room air is extracted out by return air fan 8 through the roughing efficiency air filter at return air inlet 9 places, handles through the adjustment of air-conditioning 10, delivers to high efficiency particulate air filter 12 by pressure fan 11 again and filters, and passes through humidifier 13 and CO then
2Air supply pipe 18 is regulated relative moisture and CO
2After the concentration, enter air-supply passageway 2, at last in air outlet 3 inlet chambers from the side wall from ajutage.In system's running, as indoor temperature/humidity sensor 27 and CO
2Sensor 26 detects indoor temperature/humidity and CO
2When next constantly will exceed the control range of setting, will send instruction and start or stop relevant device by control system by the tailor-made algorithm prediction for concentration.Such as temperature anomaly, will start air-conditioning 10 and heat or freeze; Humidity will be opened humidifier 13 unusually and carry out humidification, perhaps opens new air-valve 28 and feeds outdoor new wind reduction humidity, and the used water of humidification is provided by water purification machine 21, delivers to humidifier through humidification pipeline 22; CO
2System will open magnetic valve 14, CO when concentration was lower than setting value
2Gas is from CO
2Gas cylinder 20 enters airduct by tracheae 18, in the air-flow inlet chamber, and CO
2Concentration is higher than when setting value system and just opens air-valve 28 and feed CO in the outdoor new wind dilution chamber
2Concentration.The water that overflows when the condensed water of gained and humidification in system's process of refrigerastion is that the preparation of nutrient solution in the nutrient solution case 25 is supplied water, thereby realizes the recycling of water by return pipe 24 reflow tank 23.Outdoor fresh air enters airduct 19 through roughing efficiency air filter 17, passes through the further filtration of high efficiency particulate air filter again, is sent into indoor by blower fan.Air velocity transducer 6 is measured the wind speed in the air channels, thereby can determine the air output of system, and the size of air output can be regulated by volume damper 7 as required.Return air place temperature/humidity sensor 5 and air-supply place temperature/humidity sensor 29 are mainly used in the aerial temperature and humidity that detects return air place and air intake place.The control module of system, relay module, count electric module automatically and all be received into 16 li of system's control cabinets.
As shown in Figure 2, in practical operation, all devices is all controlled by monitoring software (embedding wireless network formula environmental control system, software copyright registration number 2005SRBJ1769) automatically by control system.Various sensors are used to monitor the environmental aspect in the whole system, control module based on the built-in network technology is made up of a plurality of embedded control chip, this control module becomes data signal with the analog signal conversion that sensor detects, after all detection signals are analyzed comparison prediction via monitoring software, send control instruction according to control model of optimizing and the suitableeest control algolithm, action command is passed to relay module through control module again, thereby start or close corresponding executing agency.
As shown in Figure 3, automatic machine electric system of the present invention comprises the power consumption that there are executing agency in the multi-functional three-phase of polylith or the single-phase ammeter 33 automatic First Astronautic Research Institute for Measurement and Test, these ammeters 33 link to each other with supervisory control comuter 34 by 485 PORT COMs 35, and communications protocol is supported international " multifunctional electric energy meter communication protocol " (Multi-function watt-hour meter communication protocol) DL/T645-1997 standard.This automatic machine electric system carries out statistical calculation respectively at the power consumption of each consumer in the system (comprising air-conditioning, blower fan, illumination, humidifier etc.), the electricity consumption situation of clear and definite each consumer, and send statistics to control system, investigate by performance each consumer, further optimization system control scheme provides reference frame for saving power consumption and improving the electric energy service efficiency.
In the present embodiment, the light source feed system is made up of fluorescent lamp and distribution box 15.As shown in Figure 4, distribution box 15 comprises timer 31, power-off protection apparatus 30 and organizes switch 32 more.Each switch 32 links to each other with each group fluorescent lamp, controls the working time of respectively organizing fluorescent lamp by setting timer 31.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, especially this environment controlling technique can be controlled many cover systems simultaneously, thereby sets up large-scale distributed system of plant factor, to adapt to the demand that extensive different floristics is produced.The detailed description of the present invention being carried out by above embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is made amendment or is equal to replacement, and do not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of closed is utilized the environmental-control type plant factor of artificial light fully, comprises building enclosure, air circulation system, humidity control system, humidity control system, CO
2Feed system, light source feed system is characterized in that: also comprise the control system based on the built-in network technology, this control system is used to monitor air circulation system, humidity control system, humidity control system, CO
2The state of feed system and light source feed system and operation; Described building enclosure is that closed heat insulation is lighttight, and the light source of described light source feed system is complete artificial light source.
2, plant factor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise automatic meter electric system, automatically the meter electric system carries out statistical calculation respectively to the power consumption of each consumer, and send statistics to control system, investigate by performance, further optimization system control scheme each consumer.
3, plant factor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described air circulation system adopts the malleation endless form, comprise return fan (8), pressure fan (11), roughing efficiency air filter and high efficiency particulate air filter (12), adopt both sides air-supply and top air return method, air is sucked by return fan (8), through return air inlet, roughing efficiency air filter (9) and high efficiency particulate air filter (12) double-filtration, send by pressure fan (11); The air of indoor consumption is replenished by outdoor, and outdoor air enters ventilating duct (19) back earlier through roughing efficiency air filter (17), sends into air circulation system by the automatic control of air-valve (28) again.
4, plant factor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described humidity control system comprises air-conditioning unit (10), multiple compressors and pressure controller, the refrigeration of described air-conditioning unit and heating interlocking, the working quantity of described compressor is decided by the thermic load of pressure controller according to internal system.
5, plant factor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described humidity control system comprises humidifier (13) and water purification machine (21), and the pure water that filters through water purification machine (13) is adopted in the water supply of humidifier (13).
6, plant factor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described CO
2Feed system comprises liquid CO is housed
2Steel cylinder (20), pressure-regulating valve, flow are taken into account magnetic valve (14), CO
2Link to each other with air supply duct by pressure-regulating valve, flowmeter, magnetic valve; CO
2Gas solenoid supply valve (14) and light source feed system interlock control, when light source is opened, CO
2Gas solenoid supply valve (14) just can be opened.
7, plant factor according to claim 1 and 2; it is characterized in that: described light source feed system comprises light-emitting device and control cabinet (15); described light-emitting device is the artificial light source of the special spectrum close with plant absorbing spectrum; control cabinet (15) comprises timer (30), power-off protection apparatus (31) and many group switches (32); the light-emitting device grouping links to each other with control cabinet (15); controlled case control; each cultivates zone all separate configurations control cabinet (15) and light-emitting device, and the time and intensity of illumination adopts regularly stepping mode.
8, plant factor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described control system based on the built-in network technology, the control module that comprises many group built-in networks, distributed relay module and envirment factor monitoring sensor and calculator, the envirment factor monitoring sensor is used to monitor the environmental aspect in the whole system, utilize ethernet concentrator will organize embedded type control module more and connect to form LAN, and be connected with calculator, control module based on the built-in network technology becomes data signal with the analog signal conversion that sensor detects, and send calculator to, all detection signals are via the control software analysis, relatively, after the prediction, control model according to energy source optimization is sent control instruction with the suitableeest control principle of feeding back based on plant environment, through control module action command is passed to relay module, thereby start or close corresponding executing agency, and by computer monitoring software and internet to all control parameters in the system, Monitoring Data and image dynamically carry out the WEB issue in real time.
9, plant factor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise the water recycling system, described water recycling system comprises: air conditioner condensation apparatus for recovering and humidifier overflow water retracting device, the water of recovery enters the nutrition liquid irrigation system after filtering.
10, plant factor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described plant factor adopts multilayer to cultivate the vertical cultivation mode of posture, and equal separate configurations control cabinet of each culturing rack (15) and light-emitting device, the diffusing head piece of the air-supply of described air circulation system is corresponding one by one with the multilayer culturing rack.
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| CNB2006100762053A CN100553443C (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | Closed is utilized the environmental-control type plant factor of artificial light fully |
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| CNB2006100762053A CN100553443C (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | Closed is utilized the environmental-control type plant factor of artificial light fully |
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| CN100553443C (en) | 2009-10-28 |
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