CN100578262C - GPS multifunctional turbulence radiosonde and its measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a GPS multifunctional turbulence radiosonde and a measurement method thereof. The radiosonde comprises a sensing part (1) containing a temperature pulsation sensor (11), an atmospheric pressure sensor (12), an atmospheric temperature sensor (13) and a GPS sensor (14), a signal signal containing an analog-to-digital converter MAX197 and a single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 The transformation part (2), the transmission part (3) containing the level shifter and the transmitter (31), and the power supply (4) are used to transform the electrical signal output by the sensor into a digital signal and perform calculation, analysis and Transmit after encoding; the method includes receiving the signal of the sensor and outputting the digital signal, especially setting the time slice and the number of times of collecting the output of the collecting sensor respectively, according to the object of collecting the sensor, determining the collecting proportional coefficient between each sensor, and converting it into a digital signal After the signal data is processed, it is encoded into a frequency signal and sent to the transmitting part for transmission. It can accurately locate and measure atmospheric turbulence and wind direction and wind speed at the measurement point.

Description

GPS multifunctional turbulence radiosonde and its measuring method

technical field

The invention relates to a radiosonde and a measurement method, in particular to a GPS multifunctional turbulent flow sonde and a measurement method thereof.

Background technique

With the rapid development of optoelectronic technology, the importance of optical turbulence has been paid more and more attention. In the process of laser transmission, the turbulence effect causes the drift and expansion of the beam; in the image application, the turbulence effect causes the shaking and deformation of the image; the turbulence also reduces the resolution of the astronomical telescope. In order to quantitatively study various phenomena of laser light passing through the turbulent atmosphere, and to solve various optical engineering problems related to these phenomena, it is necessary to deeply study the optical turbulent structure of the optical path, and study its variation law and statistical characteristics. The obtained turbulence data can serve the fields of adaptive optics, high-resolution astronomical observation, and laser atmospheric transmission. Therefore, in order to understand the whole-layer atmospheric turbulence, that is, the characteristics of the temperature fluctuation of the whole layer of the atmosphere from the ground to the high altitude, people often use radiosondes to measure the atmospheric turbulence, as in the applicant's announcement on June 18, 2003 in China A kind of "atmospheric turbulence radiosonde" once described in utility model patent specification CN 2556655Y. It intends to provide an instrument for measuring turbulence, temperature and pressure in the atmosphere with high precision, stable operation and light weight. It is composed of sensing components, signal conversion components and transmitters connected in series and electrically connected to the power supply. The sensing components are composed of turbulence sensor, temperature sensor AD590 and air pressure sensor KY-0.1MPa. When sounding, it is brought into the atmosphere by the balloon, and the signal conversion component converts the electrical signal output by the sensing component into a data string composed of two frequency signals, which is sent to the transmitter and sent to the ground. However, there are deficiencies in this kind of radiosonde. First of all, it has a single function. Although it can measure the turbulence, temperature and pressure in the atmosphere, it cannot give where it was measured at the same time, let alone give it accurately. The coordinate points during measurement; secondly, the degree of intelligence is not high, and the various signals measured cannot be processed and analyzed in real time, especially the wind speed and wind direction in the atmosphere cannot be obtained in real time, which is very important for turbulent flow. The analysis of the cause and development trend is very important; again, it is not easy to recover. The radiosonde carried by the balloon floats with the wind in the atmosphere. Since there is no coordinate information of the radiosonde, it is not clear where it will fall. Known.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a GPS multifunctional turbulence sonde and its measurement method with strong practicability, high intelligence, and convenience.

The GPS multifunctional turbulent radiosonde includes a series-connected sensing component, a signal conversion component, and a transmitting component, as well as a power supply electrically connected to the above-mentioned components, wherein the sensing component includes a temperature fluctuation sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor and an atmospheric temperature sensor , the transmitting part contains a transmitter, especially (a) said sensing part also contains a GPS sensor, which is used to convert the coordinates of the point to be measured into an electrical signal; (b) said signal conversion part contains an analog-to-digital converter MAX197 and single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051, which are used to convert the electrical signal output by the sensing part into a digital signal and perform calculation, analysis and encoding on it; (c) the transmitting part also contains a level converter, which is used to convert the signal after the signal conversion part is processed The frequency signal is converted to the level required by the transmitter.

分别接温度脉动传感器、大气压力传感器和大气温度传感器，用于接收上述传感器送来的模拟信号，单片机AT89C2051的脚②接GPS传感器，用于直接获得卫星定位的数字信号，单片机AT89C2051的控制端口脚⑧、⑥、⑦和

与模数转换器MAX197的控制端口③、④、⑤和

脚连接，用于控制模数转换器MAX197分时接收各传感器的信号，模数转换器MAX197的数地总线端口⑦～

脚接单片机AT89C2051的数地总线端口脚

用于将转换的数字信号输出至单片机AT89C2051，单片机AT89C2051的输出端口脚⑨接发射部件的输入端，用于输出处理后的频率信号；所述的电平转换器为电压放大器；所述的单片机AT89C2051的脚④、⑤和⑩间接有片外时钟振荡器，用于调整单片机AT89C2051的工作频率。As a further improvement of the GPS multifunctional turbulent radiosonde, the GPS sensor is a miniature GPS receiver of Trimble Company; the pin of the analog-to-digital converter MAX197 of the signal conversion part and

Connect the temperature fluctuation sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor and atmospheric temperature sensor respectively to receive the analog signal sent by the above sensors. The pin ② of the microcontroller AT89C2051 is connected to the GPS sensor to directly obtain the digital signal of satellite positioning. The control port pin of the microcontroller AT89C2051 ⑧, ⑥, ⑦ and

The control ports ③, ④, ⑤ and the analog-to-digital converter MAX197

Pin connection, used to control the analog-to-digital converter MAX197 to receive the signals of each sensor in time-sharing, the digital-to-ground bus port of the analog-to-digital converter MAX197 ⑦～

The pin is connected to the digital ground bus port pin of the microcontroller AT89C2051

It is used to output the converted digital signal to the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051, and the output port pin ⑨ of the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 is connected to the input terminal of the transmitting part, and is used to output the processed frequency signal; the described level shifter is a voltage amplifier; the described single-chip microcomputer The feet ④, ⑤ and ⑩ of AT89C2051 indirectly have an off-chip clock oscillator, which is used to adjust the operating frequency of the microcontroller AT89C2051.

The measurement method of the GPS multifunctional turbulence radiosonde includes receiving the signal of the sensor and outputting the digital signal, especially it is completed according to the following steps: set the time slice and the number of acquisitions output by the sensor respectively, and generate a time-sharing acquisition The time period of the time reference and the output of the sensor with the largest number of acquisitions, among which, 500 acquisitions are made for turbulent flow, 16 acquisitions are made for air pressure and temperature, and 1 acquisition is made for GPS; according to the object of the acquisition sensor, the acquisition ratio coefficient between the sensors is determined , to generate a working sequence of time-sharing acquisition, in which the acquisition scale coefficient is determined by turbulent flow, air pressure and temperature as one group, and GPS as another group; to process the data converted into digital signals, that is, to find the turbulent flow data Variance, for air pressure and temperature data, sort by size, after discarding the first and last data, calculate its mean value, for GPS data, keep and calculate the wind direction and wind speed from the previous data; press Collect the proportional coefficient, encode the processed data into a frequency signal and send it to the transmitting part for transmission. .

As a further improvement of the measurement method of the GPS multifunctional turbulence radiosonde, the acquisition ratio coefficient between the described turbulent flow, air pressure and temperature group and the GPS group is 10: 1; and 1 are compiled into 2KHz and 2.4KHz square wave signals respectively.

Compared with the beneficial effects of the prior art, firstly, the newly added GPS sensor in the sensing part sends the precise coordinate information of the radiosonde to the signal transformation part through it, which not only expands the range of the radiosonde function, so that it can organically combine the measured turbulence, pressure and temperature to accurately obtain the turbulence, pressure and temperature values of the atmosphere at the exact position of the earth where the radiosonde is at the time of measurement, and improve the radiosonde practicability, provide all the information of turbulence, air pressure and temperature comprehensively in one step in real time, and do not need to integrate the information of turbulence, air pressure and temperature measured in combination with the radiosonde venting area after the fact, and also improve the detection efficiency. The measurement accuracy of the radiosonde avoids the error accumulation when the measurement information is integrated afterwards or separately; secondly, the use of the analog-to-digital converter MAX197 and the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 as signal conversion components greatly improves the intelligence of the radiosonde. It can not only calculate the variance and mean value of the measured turbulence, air pressure and temperature information to improve the accuracy of measurement, but also calculate the position of the radiosonde in real time according to the GPS information. The wind direction and wind speed, that is, the distance and azimuth of the radiosonde movement are obtained from the two GPS information, and the wind direction and wind speed are calculated accordingly, and then the processed digital signal is encoded and sent to the transmitter for transmission, so that the ground immediately Get the required information; third, it is easy to use, as long as the radiosonde is lifted into the air, no matter where it floats, the flyer will know where it is located; fourth, the program of the working method in the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051, in addition to using In addition to the intelligent function of the radiosonde of the present invention, the modularization of the program of the upper computer has been improved, and the control algorithm and operating speed have also become simple and greatly improved; five, using software Encode the processed data into a frequency signal, and use this frequency signal to directly modulate the transmitter. In addition to realizing the function of modulating the transmitter, it also saves the modulator module, simplifies the structure of the whole machine, and reduces the cost.

As a further embodiment of the beneficial effect, one is to choose the miniature GPS receiver of Trimble Company as the GPS sensor, fully exert its characteristics suitable for use in various embedded mobile devices and handheld devices, and connect it with the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 to realize real-time The information of the coordinates is obtained, and it also meets the objective needs of the radiosonde with small size and low power consumption, and has the characteristics of stable operation and low production cost; the second is the signal conversion mainly composed of the analog-to-digital converter MAX197 and the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 components, so that it has the characteristics of strong function, easy programming, low power consumption, stable operation, and good compatibility; the third is that the level converter uses a voltage amplifier 8050, so that the 0-5v TTL signal output by the microcontroller AT89C2051 can be compatible with the transmitter The ±12v input signal required by the computer is matched, and it is easy for the transmitter to transmit the signal without distortion; the fourth is the off-chip clock oscillator indirectly provided by the pins ④, ⑤ and ⑩ of the single-chip AT89C2051, which makes the work adjustment of the signal conversion component easy Easy to operate; Fifth, the acquisition ratio coefficient between the turbulent flow, air pressure and temperature group and the GPS group is 10:1, which fully meets the accuracy requirements for dynamic measurement of turbulent flow, air pressure and temperature in the atmosphere at the exact location; Sixth, the frequency signal The encoding is to encode 0 and 1 in the data into square wave signals of 2KHz and 2.4KHz respectively, so that it is the same as the frequency of the demodulator used by the existing ground receiving equipment, fully taking into account the existing Device Compatibility.

Description of drawings

The preferred modes of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a kind of basic circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the work flowchart of measuring method of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the temperature fluctuation map of the applicant's place Hefei area that uses the present invention to measure, and wherein, (a) figure is C ² _n vertical profile original figure, (b) figure C ² _n moving average figure;

Fig. 4 is the air pressure profile figure using the applicant's Hefei area that the present invention measures;

Fig. 5 is a temperature profile diagram of the Hefei area where the applicant is located using the present invention.

Detailed ways

和

分别接温度脉动传感器11、大气压力传感器12和大气温度传感器13，用于接收上述三个传感器送来的温度脉动、气压和温度的模拟电信号。单片机AT89C2051的脚②接GPS传感器14，用于直接获得卫星定位的数字信号；其中，GPS传感器14选用Trimble公司的微型GPS接收机。单片机AT89C2051的控制端口脚⑧、⑥、⑦和

与模数转换器MAX197的控制端口③、④、⑤和

脚连接，用于控制模数转换器MAX197分时段地接收温度脉动传感器11或大气压力传感器12或大气温度传感器13或GPS传感器14的信号。模数转换器MAX197的数地总线端口⑦～

脚接单片机AT89C2051的数地总线端口脚

用于将已转换成数字形式的温度脉动或气压或温度或坐标的信号输出至单片机AT89C2051。单片机AT89C2051的输出端口脚⑨经作为电平转换器的电压放大器8050后接发射机31，用于输出处理后的频率信号。单片机AT89C2051的脚④、⑤和⑩间接有片外时钟振荡器，用于调整其工作频率。Referring to Fig. 1, the GPS multifunctional turbulence radiosonde includes a sensing part 1 made up of a temperature pulsation sensor 11, an atmospheric pressure sensor 12, an atmospheric temperature sensor 13 and a GPS sensor 14, which are used to change the physical quantity and coordinate quantity of the point to be measured into electrical signals; a signal conversion part 2 containing an analog-to-digital converter MAX197 and a single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051, which is used to convert the electrical signal output by the sensing part 1 into a digital signal and perform calculation, analysis and encoding on it; a signal conversion part 2 containing a level Transmitter 3 of the converter and transmitter 31 is used to convert the frequency signal processed by the signal conversion unit 2 into a level required by the transmitter 31 and transmit it; a power supply 4 . The power supply 4 is electrically connected to the sensing component 1 , the signal conversion component 2 and the transmitting component 3 respectively. Among them, the pin of the analog-to-digital converter MAX197

and

The temperature fluctuation sensor 11, the atmospheric pressure sensor 12 and the atmospheric temperature sensor 13 are respectively connected to receive the analog electrical signals of temperature fluctuation, air pressure and temperature sent by the above three sensors. The pin ② of the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 is connected to the GPS sensor 14, which is used to directly obtain the digital signal of satellite positioning; among them, the GPS sensor 14 is a miniature GPS receiver of Trimble Company. The control port pins ⑧, ⑥, ⑦ and

The control ports ③, ④, ⑤ and the analog-to-digital converter MAX197

Pin connection, used to control the analog-to-digital converter MAX197 to receive the signal of the temperature pulse sensor 11 or the atmospheric pressure sensor 12 or the atmospheric temperature sensor 13 or the GPS sensor 14 in a time-divided manner. The digital ground bus port of the analog-to-digital converter MAX197 ⑦～

The pin is connected to the digital ground bus port pin of the microcontroller AT89C2051

It is used to output the temperature pulsation or air pressure or temperature or coordinate signal converted into digital form to the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051. The output port pin ⑨ of the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 is connected to the transmitter 31 after the voltage amplifier 8050 as a level shifter for outputting the processed frequency signal. The feet ④, ⑤ and ⑩ of the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 have an off-chip clock oscillator indirectly, which is used to adjust its operating frequency.

Referring to Fig. 2, the working process of the measurement method of the GPS multifunctional turbulent radiosonde is as follows: after the GPS multifunctional turbulent radiosonde is powered on, the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 gives its own functional components and each subroutine in the internal memory, and The analog-to-digital converter MAX197 presets the initial value, that is, sets its initial working state, such as setting a 10ms timing interrupt value for the 16-bit timer/counter, as a time slice for time-sharing data collection, and for collecting temperature pulsation, The counters of air pressure, temperature and coordinates are respectively assigned values of 500, 16, 16 and 1 etc. (step 110). Then, in step 120, the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 divides the collection of turbulent flow, air pressure and temperature into one group, and the collection of GPS is divided into another group, and the collection scale coefficient between the two groups is determined to be 10:1, that is, the collection scale coefficient counter I is assigned a value of 10. Afterwards, whether the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 checks whether the value of the temperature fluctuation counter is equal to 0 (step 130)? That is, for turbulent flow, whether 500 times have been collected and the calculation has been completed. If not, continue to collect data from the temperature fluctuation sensor 11 . If the value of the temperature fluctuation counter is equal to 0, call the subroutine for calculating the variance 1/n×∑(T ₁ -T ₂ ) ² to obtain the variance of the collected temperature fluctuation data, T ₁ , T in the formula ₂ is the temperature difference between two points (directly output by the temperature pulsation sensor 11), and n is the number collected, which is 500 at present. Then, in step 140, the variance value of the turbulent flow is sent to the turbulent emission temporary storage area for storage. Then, whether the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 checks the value of the air pressure counter is equal to 0 (step 150)? That is, for the air pressure, whether 16 times have been collected and the calculation has been completed. If not, then continue to collect data from the atmospheric pressure sensor 12 . If the value of the air pressure counter is equal to 0, sort the collected air pressure data according to their size, and calculate the average value after discarding the first and last data. Afterwards, in step 160, the average value of the air pressure is sent to the air pressure transmission temporary storage area for storage. Then, whether the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 checks whether the value of the temperature counter is equal to 0 (step 170)? That is, for the temperature, whether it has been collected 16 times and the operation has been completed. If not, continue to collect data from the atmospheric temperature sensor 13 . If the value of the temperature counter is equal to 0, sort the collected temperature data according to their size, and calculate the mean value after discarding the first and last data. Afterwards, in step 180, the average value of the temperature is sent to the temperature emission temporary storage area for storage. Next, in step 190, the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 encodes the variance value of the turbulence stored in the turbulent emission temporary storage area, the air pressure emission temporary storage area and the temperature emission temporary storage area, and the mean value of the air pressure and temperature into a frequency signal and sends it to the transmitting part for emission. , wherein, the encoding of the frequency signal is to encode 0 and 1 in the variance value and mean value data into 2KHz and 2.4KHz square wave signals respectively. Afterwards, whether the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 checks and gathers the value of proportional coefficient counter I to be equal to 0 (step 200)? i.e. have 10 acquisitions been done for the set of turbulence, pressure and temperature? If not, go back to step 130, continue to collect and calculate the data of turbulence, air pressure and temperature. If yes, then gather the data of GPS sensor 14 in step 210, after the data that gathers is kept, calculate wind direction and wind speed together with the data that last time keeps again, afterward, send to transmitting unit after encoding into frequency signal emission. Then, the single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051 turns to step 130 to continue a new round of processing. After the ground receiving station receives the signal transmitted by the radiosonde, it can obtain the temperature fluctuation, air pressure profile and temperature profile as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5.

Apparently, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the GPS multifunctional turbulence radiosonde and its measuring method of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of measuring method of GPS multifunctional turbulent flow sonde, comprise the signal of receiving sensor and output digital signal, wherein, GPS multifunctional turbulent flow sonde is successively connected sensing part (1), signal transformation part ( 2) and the emitting part (3), and the power supply (4) electrically connected with the above-mentioned parts, wherein the sensing part (1) contains a temperature fluctuation sensor (11), an atmospheric pressure sensor (12) and an atmospheric temperature sensor (13 ), the transmitting part (3) contains a transmitter (31), and the sensing part (1) also contains a GPS sensor (14), which is used to transform the coordinates of the point to be measured into an electrical signal, and the signal transforming part ( 2) Contains an analog-to-digital converter MAX197 and a single-chip microcomputer AT89C2051, which are used to convert the electrical signal output by the sensing part (1) into a digital signal and perform calculation, analysis and encoding on it. The transmitting part (3) also contains a level The converter is used to convert the frequency signal processed by the signal conversion unit (2) into the level required by the transmitter (31), and the measurement method is characterized in that: Set the time slice and the number of acquisitions output by the sensor respectively to generate a time reference for time-sharing acquisition, among which, 500 acquisitions are made for turbulent flow, 16 acquisitions are made for air pressure and temperature, and 1 acquisition is made for GPS; According to the object of the acquisition sensor, determine the acquisition scale coefficient between the sensors, and generate a time-sharing acquisition work sequence, in which the acquisition scale coefficient is determined by turbulence, air pressure and temperature as one group, and GPS as another group; Process the data converted into digital signals, that is, find the variance of the turbulent data, sort the air pressure and temperature data by size, and find the mean value after getting the data with the head and the tail discarded once. For the GPS data , keep the data collected this time, and calculate the wind direction and wind speed together with the data saved last time; According to the acquisition scale coefficient, the processed data is encoded into a frequency signal and sent to the transmitting part for transmission. 2. The measuring method of GPS multifunctional turbulence sonde according to claim 1, characterized in that the acquisition ratio coefficient between the turbulence, air pressure and temperature group and the GPS group is 10:1. 3. The measuring method of GPS multifunctional turbulence sonde according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency signal is coded as 2KHz and 2.4KHz square wave signals corresponding to 0 and 1 in the data respectively.

Images