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CN100571655C - 人造关节系统 - Google Patents

人造关节系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100571655C
CN100571655C CNB2005101094280A CN200510109428A CN100571655C CN 100571655 C CN100571655 C CN 100571655C CN B2005101094280 A CNB2005101094280 A CN B2005101094280A CN 200510109428 A CN200510109428 A CN 200510109428A CN 100571655 C CN100571655 C CN 100571655C
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
bone
artificial joint
shell
compatible
plastic material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CNB2005101094280A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN1843309A (zh
Inventor
尹用山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST
Original Assignee
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST
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Publication of CN1843309A publication Critical patent/CN1843309A/zh
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Publication of CN100571655C publication Critical patent/CN100571655C/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/12—Phosphorus-containing materials, e.g. apatite
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G21/00—Table-ware
    • A47G21/10—Sugar tongs; Asparagus tongs; Other food tongs
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用作插入骨中的人造关节的人造关节装置。该人造关节装置包括：本体，具有形状与其插入的骨内的空间基本对应的柄部，以及与所述柄部整体形成的头部；以及由塑性材料制成的围绕本体的柄部的外表面的外壳，其中该外壳的结构为：含有与骨相容性好的材料的外层，以及主要由塑性材料制成的内层。由于人造关节装置的塑性材料外壳包括与骨相容性好的材料，可以促进与之接触的骨的生长。此外，骨长入与骨相容性好的材料被溶解的空间，使得外壳和骨能够牢固附着。由于与骨相容性好的材料也存在于该外壳的内部，因此可以持续加速骨的向内生长。

Description

人造关节系统
本申请要求于2005年4月7日向韩国知识产权局提交的申请号为10-2005-0028824的韩国专利申请的优先权，该申请披露的全部内容以引用方式结合于本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及人造关节装置，更具体地说，涉及具有外壳的人造关节装置，该外壳由包含与骨相容性好的材料的塑性材料制成。
背景技术
人造关节，例如用于人造髋关节手术的人造关节，具有插入骨盆中作为髋臼的代替物的髋臼部分，和插入股骨中作为股骨头的代替物的股骨部分。人造关节主要由例如金属、陶瓷、以及塑料材料等材料制成。
插入股骨中的人造关节的股骨部分通常由相当于股骨头的部分和插入股骨中的柄部组成。在外科手术中，通过部分地挖掘股骨的骨髓腔而形成一定的空间，该空间被填以适当量的接合剂(骨水泥)，然后将人造关节的柄部插入该空间内。接合剂具有将人造关节粘结到股骨上的功能。人造关节的柄部表面可以涂以与填充所述空间的接合剂相同的材料制成的接合剂，以便该柄部能牢固地粘着在股骨上。然而，在使用该接合剂粘着人造关节的情况下，由于粘着力相对较弱，存在着人造关节的寿命不长的问题。
作为另一种不使用接合剂的人造关节，在该人造关节的柄部涂覆有多孔型塑性材料(如塑料)外壳。在其表面形成多孔型塑性材料层的柄部被插入股骨中，而随着股骨的逐渐生长，该多孔型塑性材料表面与柄部发生生理性的粘结，以便其被固定到股骨上。然而，在使用这种人造关节的情况下，应力会集中在股骨和塑性材料层之间的粘结面上，以致粘结面部分分开形成裂隙。因此，存在一个问题，即污物会进入裂隙，进而加快股骨的骨质溶解。另外，由于塑性材料没有诱导骨骼生长的功能，还会存在将人造关节固定在股骨上所需要的时间太长的问题。
在韩国专利公开号10-2003-62812中披露了其柄部带有多孔型塑性材料(塑料)外壳的人造关节。该人造关节的塑性材料外壳的表面涂以粘结促进剂。羟磷灰石和磷酸三钙被用作粘结促进剂。粘结促进剂能促进塑性材料外壳粘结到股骨上，使得人造关节能快速固定。但是，与前述传统技术相似，由于将塑性材料外壳粘结到股骨上是通过利用塑性材料的多孔性而完成的，塑性材料外壳的柄部的粘结促进剂可能会因为重复施加的重力而分开，以致外壳和股骨之间的粘结面分开。因此，存在污物进入，以致发生股骨的骨质溶解的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的是通过连续增加塑性材料外壳与股骨的附着强度且不用另外的粘结剂来延长人造关节的寿命。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供用作插入骨中的人造关节的人造关节装置，包括：本体，所述本体具有柄部和与所述柄部整体形成的头部，该柄部的形状与供该柄部插入的骨内的空间基本对应；以及由塑性材料制成的围绕该本体的柄部的外表面的外壳，其中该外壳的结构是：包括与骨相容性好的材料的外层，和由塑性材料制成的内层。
与骨相容性好的材料可以是活性的与骨相容性好的材料，并且包括羟磷灰石、包括磷酸三钙的各种磷酸钙或骨粉。所述外壳可以进一步包括对人无害的陶瓷或金属颗粒，作为惰性的与骨相容性好的材料。
用于本体的柄部的材料可以是选自由不锈钢、钛、及它们的合金组成的组的金属。此外，用于本体的柄部的材料可以是强化陶瓷或碳纤维。
附图说明
通过结合附图详细描述其示范性的具体实施例，本发明的上述和其它特征和优点将变得更加明显，其中：
图1为根据本发明的具体实施例的人造关节装置的示意图；
图2为根据本发明的具体实施例的人造关节装置塑性材料外壳的透视图；
图3为图2所示的塑性材料外壳的放大的横断面图；以及
图4为根据本发明的具体实施例的人造关节装置被置于股骨中的状态的视图。
具体实施方式
现在，结合附图详细说明本发明的优选的具体实施例。
图1为根据本发明的具体实施例的人造关节装置的示意图。
如图1所示，人造关节装置100包括本体，该本体具有被插入将做手术的骨中的柄部110和具有股骨头的形状的(股骨)头部112，以及围绕柄部110的外表面的外壳120。柄部110由金属材料制成，并具有与在要做手术的骨中预先提供的插入空间基本对应的形状。外壳120由塑性材料(塑料)制成，并且包括颗粒状的与骨相容性好的材料。
人造关节的本体中设置的柄部110是一个被插入要做手术的骨的内部的空间的部分，并具有细长的形状。柄部110所插入的空间是通过深挖要做手术的骨200的髓腔而形成的。柄部110由金属材料制成，例如，具有高强度的钴-铬合金。优选地，柄部110可以由不锈钢、钛、或其合金制成。这些材料被认为是对人体无害的材料，而且与钴-铬合金相比价格便宜，因此可以降低人造关节手术的费用。用于柄部的材料并不限于这些金属材料，还可以使用诸如陶瓷材料和碳纤维这样的非金属材料。具有股骨头形状的头部112与柄部110整体连接。该头部的形状做成与人造髋臼的杯状物的形状相对应。在本具体实施例中，该头部是半球形。柄部110和头部112通过(两者之间的)颈部彼此相连。
围绕柄部的外壳120由塑性材料制成。当人造关节被插入要做手术的骨中时，外壳120的外表面直接与骨的内表面接触。外壳120包含颗粒状的与骨相容性好的材料。作为与骨相容性好(骨骼友好)的材料，可以使用羟磷灰石、磷酸三钙、动物骨粉、或任何种类的具有促进骨骼生长特性的磷酸钙。此外，像陶瓷颗粒和金属颗粒这样的辅助性颗粒也可以用作与骨相容性好的材料，它们没有促进骨骼生长的活性，但被证实具有骨内生长特性，其通过增加磨损和塑性材料外壳120的接触面而能够快速、牢固地将外壳120固定在骨上。优选地，这些颗粒存在于外壳的内部，也存在于外壳的表面，如下文所述。
图2示出部分切除的外壳120的横截面，图3为图2中圈A所示部分的放大图。如图中所示，塑性材料外壳120呈袋状，其上部敞开。塑性材料外壳上设置的与骨相容性好的材料的颗粒130存在于外壳的表面和内部。随着时间的推移，与骨相容性好的材料的颗粒被溶解和吸收进骨中。这时，由于骨长入与骨相容性好的材料先前存在的空间，外壳能牢固地固定在骨上。另外，由于与骨相容性好的材料的颗粒不仅分布于外壳120的表面，还分布于外壳120的内部，甚至在分布于外壳表面的与骨相容性好的材料的颗粒被吸收入骨后，骨的向内生长还能持续加快。
优选地，大量的与骨相容性好的材料的颗粒130分布于靠近外壳的外表面的部分，而相对少量的颗粒分布于靠近外壳的内表面的部分。如果该颗粒以这种方式分布，可以适当地保持塑性材料外壳120的强度。例如，首先用不含与骨相容性好的材料的塑性材料做成外壳的内层，然后用混合的塑性材料做成外壳的外层，以便制造出塑性材料外壳120，该外壳中与骨相容性好的材料130的分布如图3所示。
图4显示根据本发明的人造关节的用法。预先从要做手术的骨200中去除骨髓腔，以便准备可让人造关节100插入的空间。将人造关节插入制备的空间。不用任何如接合剂之类的粘合剂(骨水泥)。插入的部分主要为由塑性材料外壳120包围的柄部100，而具有股骨头的功能的头部112伸出骨外。由于与骨相容性好的材料位于塑性材料外壳120的表面和内部，人造关节和骨能在没有任何接合剂的情况下彼此牢固地附着在一起。
虽然已引用一些示范性的具体实施例对本发明作了详细的显示和描述，然而本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不偏离由保护范围限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对其中的各种形式和细节进行改变。
根据本发明，人造关节装置的塑性材料外壳包括与骨相容性好的材料，以便可以加速与之接触的骨的生长。骨长入与骨相容性好的材料被溶解的空间，使得该外壳和骨能牢固粘着。另外，与骨相容性好的材料也存在于该外壳的内部，以便可以持续加速骨的向内生长。

Claims (4)

1.一种用作插入骨中的人造关节的人造关节装置，包括：
本体，所述本体包括一由金属制成的柄部，和与所述柄部整体形成的头部，所述柄部的形状与供所述柄部插入的骨内的空间相对应；
外壳，所述外壳由塑性材料制成并围绕所述本体的柄部的外表面，
所述外壳包括与骨相容性好的材料，
其中所述与骨相容性好的材料分布在所述外壳的外表面上和靠近所述外表面的内部区域，其中所述与骨相容性好的材料没有分布在靠近所述外壳的内表面的内部区域，并且其中所述与骨相容性好的材料是选自由羟磷灰石、磷酸三钙，以及骨粉组成的组中的材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人造关节装置，其中所述外壳进一步包括对人体无害的陶瓷或金属颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的人造关节装置，其中所述本体的柄部由选自包括不锈钢、钛、及其合金的组的金属制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的人造关节装置，其中所述本体的柄部由钴-铬合金制成。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107951599A (zh) * 2017-11-06 2018-04-24 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 股骨柄假体组件
CN107951599B (zh) * 2017-11-06 2020-05-29 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 股骨柄假体组件

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EP1709943A2 (en) 2006-10-11
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US20060229734A1 (en) 2006-10-12
KR20060106260A (ko) 2006-10-12
CN1843309A (zh) 2006-10-11

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