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CN100542007C - Instantaneous Power Direct Control Method for Generating System of Stator Double Winding Asynchronous Motor - Google Patents

Instantaneous Power Direct Control Method for Generating System of Stator Double Winding Asynchronous Motor Download PDF

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CN100542007C
CN100542007C CNB2007100253325A CN200710025332A CN100542007C CN 100542007 C CN100542007 C CN 100542007C CN B2007100253325 A CNB2007100253325 A CN B2007100253325A CN 200710025332 A CN200710025332 A CN 200710025332A CN 100542007 C CN100542007 C CN 100542007C
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winding
control
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voltage
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CN101136605A (en
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李勇
胡育文
黄文新
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

一种涉及定子双绕组异步电机发电系统的瞬时功率直接控制方法。该系统包括定子双绕组异步发电机(1)、滤波电感(2)、功率变换器(3)、整流桥(4)和励磁电容(5)、蓄电池(6)、二极管(7)、电流传感器(8)、电压传感器(9)(10)(11)、数字信号处理器(12)、驱动电路(13);去掉了转速传感器和电流闭环线路;其功率直接控制方法是,以控制绕组的瞬时功率作为直接控制对象,通过优化电压矢量的选取,将控制绕组的瞬时功率限定在给定的误差范围内,达到输出电压恒定的目的。该控制方法结构简单、计算量小,能够适应原动机转速和发电机输出负载大范围的变化,可广泛应用于风力发电和诸如飞机、坦克车辆等独立电源系统中。

Figure 200710025332

A direct instantaneous power control method involving a stator double-winding asynchronous motor power generation system. The system includes a stator double-winding asynchronous generator (1), a filter inductor (2), a power converter (3), a rectifier bridge (4), an excitation capacitor (5), a storage battery (6), a diode (7), and a current sensor (8), voltage sensor (9) (10) (11), digital signal processor (12), drive circuit (13); Removed speed sensor and current closed-loop circuit; Its power direct control method is, with the control winding The instantaneous power is taken as the direct control object. By optimizing the selection of the voltage vector, the instantaneous power of the control winding is limited within a given error range to achieve the purpose of constant output voltage. The control method has a simple structure and a small amount of calculation, can adapt to a wide range of changes in the speed of the prime mover and the output load of the generator, and can be widely used in wind power generation and independent power systems such as aircraft and tank vehicles.

Figure 200710025332

Description

The direct control method of the instantaneous power of asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding
Technical field
Involved in the present invention is a kind of voltage control method based on the directly actuated asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding of control winding instantaneous power.
Background technology
Power electronics and modern control technology are the mouse-cage type asynchronous machine power generation system on basis, it is adjustable continuously that its excitation is idle, electricity generation system electric energy quality significantly promotes, many advantages such as simple, easy to maintenance, reliability height of generator self structure make this system become grid-connected power generation system and the research of independent electric power supplies such as aircraft, electric automobile and the focuses of application such as small-sized waterpower, wind-force gradually in addition.But also there is deficiency in such generator: when being series at converter between threephase asynchronous machine and the load, required converter capacity is bigger, and the switch harmonic of converter is injected load easily; When converter was parallel to generator end jointly by isolating inductance and load, required isolation inductance volume was bigger, and the generator output voltage quality to be subjected to the size and the property effect of load very big.
The dual stator-winding induction generator system that proposes before and after 2000 improves the deficiency of said system.Place two cover windings on this motor stator, a cover is the power winding, can be three-phase, also can be heterogeneous, output DC after rectification; Another set of for the control winding, connect converters with the regulator generator internal magnetic field, firm power winding output voltage.Two cover winding numbers of pole-pairs are identical, are not electrically connected, only by the association of motor internal magnetic field; The rotor of generator is cage-shaped structure or solid construction.
The runnability of electricity generation system depends on the control strategy that is adopted to a great extent.This system mainly adopts the method for " outer voltage, current inner loop " at present, promptly the voltage status according to outer shroud two cover windings obtains interior ring control winding instruction current value, the current inner loop adjuster makes control winding current trace command electric current by suitable modulator approach power controlling converter.Obviously, this control strategy based on electric current loop requires to control winding and has current response and low harmonic current fast, to guarantee the sound attitude quality of system.From the documents and materials of publishing now, current inner loop mainly contains triangular wave carrier PWM (SPWM) and stagnates two kinds of ring PWM controls.For the former, though this method switching frequency is fixed, active current and reactive current do not obtain decoupling zero.For the latter, because there is coupling in the every phase winding of control winding, although obtained the instruction current value of decoupling zero, through behind the stagnant ring controller of current inner loop by outer voltage, finally be applied to the coupling information that has also incorporated in the switching signal on the converter between phase and phase, influenced control performance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: overcome the deficiency of existing asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding control method, to the dual stator-winding induction generator system provide a kind of simple in structure, amount of calculation is little, have the output voltage control method of dynamic and static state performance well.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is, the direct control method of a kind of instantaneous power of asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding, this electricity generation system comprises by dual stator-winding induction generator 1, filter inductance 2, power inverter 3, the major loop that rectifier bridge 4 and exciting capacity 5 are formed, the low pressure small-power accessory power supply of forming by storage battery 6 and diode 7, by current sensor 8 and voltage sensor 9,10, the 11 detection loops of forming, control loop by the drive circuit 13 of digital signal processor 12 and this power inverter is formed has saved current closed-loop circuit and speed probe in this control loop; The direct control method of this instantaneous power is, directly the instantaneous power with the control winding is an object, in each control cycle, select for use optimum voltage vector to affact on the control winding, in order to regulate the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power of control winding, make this electricity generation system when working conditions change, the power winding is exported constant DC and is pressed after rectification, and this operating mode comprises rotating speed or load.
According to the direct voltage of power winding output and the deviation of given output voltage, determine the instruction reactive power of next control cycle of control winding, deviation according to the voltage and the given voltage of power inverter DC side, determine the instruction active power of next control cycle of control winding, the control winding instantaneous active power that calculates and instantaneous reactive power are compared with corresponding instruction active power and instruction reactive power respectively, and, from optimize switch list, select optimum voltage vector so that the variation of the instantaneous power trace command power of control winding in conjunction with control winding terminal voltage vector or the residing sector of control winding flux linkage vector.
Work out a reflection basic voltage vectors to the instantaneous active power of control winding and the optimization switch list of instantaneous reactive power influence, from this table, choose the control signal of optimum voltage vector according to the state information of this electricity generation system as power inverter, control winding instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power are limited in the error range of appointment, to reach control this electricity generation system output voltage.
The voltage control method that the present invention proposes, the advantage of comparing with existing control method is: it is little influenced by the parameter of electric machine, calculates simply, need not complicated coordinate transform and trigonometric function and calculates, and is easy to single-chip microcomputer or digital signal processor and realizes.Disclosing on the basis of basic voltage vectors to the influence of control winding instantaneous power by optimizing switch list, directly pick out optimum voltage vector according to system mode and come the power controlling converter, have clearly physical concept.Owing to removed speed probe and current closed-loop circuit, not only made system configuration simple, and improved system reliability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the dual stator-winding induction generator systematic schematic diagram.
Label title among Fig. 1: 1. dual stator-winding induction generator, 2. filter inductance, 3. power inverter, 4. rectifier bridge, 5. excitation capacitor group, 6. storage battery, 7. power diode 8. is a current sensor, and 9,10 and 11 is voltage sensor, 12. digital signal processor, 13. be drive circuit, 14. DC load, 15. prime mover, 16. shaft joint.
Fig. 2 is basic voltage vectors (U 1, U 2, U 3, U 4, U 5, U 6) divide with the sector.
Fig. 3 is that basic voltage vectors is to control winding magnetic linkage ψ sEffect.
Fig. 4 is the movement locus of instantaneous meritorious and reactive power of control winding.
Fig. 5 is the direct control method schematic diagram of the power of dual stator-winding induction generator system.
17 and 18 are respectively instruction reactive power q among Fig. 5 s *With instruction active power p s *Generation unit, 19 are control winding instantaneous reactive power
Figure C20071002533200051
And active power
Figure C20071002533200052
Computing unit, 20 and 21 is binary states power hysteresis comparator, its output is respectively d qAnd d p, 22 is the sector arbiter, 23 for optimizing switch list, is output as 6 path switching signals.
Specific implementation method
Narrate the specific embodiment of the present invention, operation principle and the course of work with reference to the accompanying drawings.Asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 comprises the major loop that dual stator-winding induction generator 1, filter inductance 2, power inverter 3, rectifier bridge 4, excitation capacitor group 5 are formed; The low pressure small-power accessory power supply of forming by storage battery 6 and diode 7; The detection loop of forming by current sensor 8 and voltage sensor 9,10 and 11; By digital signal processor 12 be connected to the control loop that the drive circuit 13 of power inverter is formed.The switching tube of power inverter can adopt IGBT or Intelligent Power Module (IPM).This generator system is suitable for operation in the wide speed range, and in order to reduce the capacity of power inverter, exciting capacity cannot be obtained excessive, builds pressure but so just can't make generator rely on electric capacity to realize encouraging oneself; At this moment just need small-power accessory power supply (12V or 24V storage battery) to provide initial voltage for control side dc bus, rely on power inverter idle to the inner injection of generator excitation, system voltage is increased, when control winding DC bus-bar voltage surpasses the level of accessory power supply, rely on diode to make storage battery nature detachment system.Voltage-current sensor is Hall element, and wherein 8 is two AC current sensor, thus can controlled winding ac-side current vector i s9 is two AC voltage sensor, thus can controlled winding AC side voltage vector u s10 and 11 are the direct voltage transducer, thus respectively can controlled winding converter dc voltage U SDCWith power winding output voltage U PDCThese transducers are converted to the forceful electric power signals such as voltage and current on the major loop light current and press signal, use for control loop; Detect the loop when realizing reliable electrical isolation between control circuit and the main circuit, can carry out information transmission accurately again simultaneously.Digital signal processor in the control loop obtains the information of main circuit, and the direct control method of power in conjunction with the present invention proposes obtains the power inverter control signal, sends the power inverter that 6 road pulse signals remove to control major loop through overdrive circuit 13.
The direct control method of power of the dual stator-winding induction generator that the present invention proposes, be by selecting optimum voltage vector, affact on the control winding, make the reactive power of generator inside adapt to the variation of the operating mode (factors such as rotating speed, load) of generator rapidly, reach the purpose of power winding regulated output voltage; Meanwhile, regulate the active power that the control winding absorbs from generator, cause the dc capacitor voltage fluctuation to avoid power inverter when working, to bring active loss because of reasons such as line resistance, switching losses.At asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding, the direct control method principles illustrated of power is as follows:
Magnetic field is the key physical amount that electromechanical energy transforms, common asynchronous generator at first needs when moving from external world's absorption excitation reactive power, to set up motor internal magnetic field, traditional motor is realized magnetic field foundation in end shunt excitation capacitor group, but when generator loading or rotating speed changed, the motor internal excitation is idle also will to be changed thereupon, constant in order to keep output voltage amplitude, the appearance value that needs continuous regulating capacitor group, this is very inconvenience in practical operation.On the other hand, the active power and the reactive power of common asynchronous generator twist together, this brings certain difficulty to control, dual stator-winding induction generator, one cover winding is set on stator in addition the excitation reactive power is implemented independent control, by idle adjusting reaches control to output voltage under the different operating conditions to control winding excitation.What adopt mostly at asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding at present is the control that the method for " outer voltage; current inner loop " realizes power, this method is direct inadequately for the control of power on the one hand, control the performance that effect is decided by current regulator to a great extent on the other hand, and do not have fully to disclose the influence of voltage vector for instantaneous power.
The important feature that the present invention is different from existing control method has been to analyze and indicate the influence degree of basic voltage vectors for control winding active power and reactive power, and be stored in the optimization switch list, according to the autotelic selection voltage vector of operating mode (situations of change such as rotating speed, load) of motor; It is core of the present invention that the foundation of switch list and optimization are chosen.As shown in Figure 1, the control winding has adopted voltage type power transformer, and it contains 6 basic voltage vectors (U 1, U 2, U 3, U 4, U 5, U 6) and two zero vectors, these vectors are divided into 6 sectors with space average, in order accurately to select voltage vector, reduce input current harmonics, and original 6 sectors are segmented again, obtain 12 sectors as shown in Figure 2.When the stator double-wind-ing gene rator is in generator operation, control winding flux linkage vector ψ sFall behind rotor flux vector ψ rAngle be As shown in Figure 3.Because the instantaneous reactive and the ψ of control winding sAmplitude be directly proportional, control winding active power be directly proportional with slip, just with
Figure C20071002533200062
Linear.With ψ sIn the 1st sector is example, analyzes the influence of basic voltage vectors for control winding instantaneous power.Voltage vector U 1, U 5, U 6Make ψ sTo departing from ψ rDirection operation, cause Increase, show the active power (p that the control winding draws from generator s) increase; U wherein 5Make ψ sAmplitude reduce, it is idle to show that converter has been provided by the excitation that provides to generator; U 1Make ψ sAmplitude increase, it is idle to show that the control winding has strengthened the excitation of injecting to generator, and U 6Cause ψ sThe degree that changes of amplitude not obvious.In like manner, voltage vector U 2, U 3, U 4Make ψ sTowards pressing close to ψ rDirection motion, cause
Figure C20071002533200071
Reduce, show the active power (p that the control winding draws from generator s) reduce; U wherein 2, U 4And U 3To ψ sThe influence of amplitude identical with top analysis.In like manner can obtain, basic voltage vectors was to the influence of control winding instantaneous power when magnetic linkage was positioned at other sectors.Control winding terminal voltage vector u during the electricity generation system operate as normal sLeading control winding flux linkage vector ψ s, and both near normal; Analysis result is summarized as table 1, in the table ↑ the expression increase, ↓ expression reduces, ↑/↓ expression changes not obvious.This explanation free voltage vector affacts the variation that all can cause control winding instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power on the control winding, the trend that changes is relevant with the sector at control winding flux linkage vector place with degree, can directly choose optimum voltage vector according to the state of electricity generation system in view of the above affacts on the control winding, to satisfy the power demand of system.
Table 1 voltage vector is to the influence of instantaneous power
Figure C20071002533200072
Table 2 is optimized switch list
Figure C20071002533200073
By shown in Figure 5, the direct voltage U of power winding output PDCWith given output voltage U PDC *Deviation determining to control the instruction reactive power q of winding s *Control winding dc voltage U SDCWith given voltage U SDC *Deviation determining to control the instruction active power p of winding s *After control winding instruction power and measured power compare, send into binary states power hysteresis comparator respectively, it is output as 0 or 1.For excitation is idle, during the output dq=0 of power hysteresis comparator, represent that the actual excitation of control winding is idle greater than desired value in this control cycle, need in next control cycle, reduce (↓); Dq=1 represents that the actual excitation of control winding is idle less than desired value in this control cycle, need increase in next control cycle (↑).In like manner can get the definition of active power hysteresis comparator output dp.Any time, the output of two power hysteresis comparators (dq dp) has combination in four: (dq=0, dp=0); (dq=0, dp=1); (dq=1, dp=0); (dq=1, dp=1).The deviation of control winding actual power and instruction power can promptly be dwindled by selecting optimum voltage vector.For example: when control winding flux linkage vector is in the 1st sector, power stagnate ring be output as (dq=0, dp=0), expression control actual active power of winding and reactive power need reduce in the next cycle all greater than command value, the table of comparisons 1 is U as can be known 4Meet the demands.With U 4Insert the relevant position in the table 2.By that analogy, can set up table 2.
In sum, directly choose only basic voltage vectors, can reach control rapidly and accurately the control winding power according to system status information.Asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding is controlled block diagram as shown in Figure 5, and its specific implementation step is as follows:
1) the direct voltage U that the power winding is exported PDCThe and instruction output voltage U PDC *Sending into that reactive power generator (17) obtains should be by the instruction instantaneous reactive power q of control winding supply s *
2) with power inverter dc voltage U SDCThe and instruction voltage U SDC *Sending into that active power generator (18) obtains should be by the instruction instantaneous active power p of control winding supply s *
3) according to control winding AC side voltage vector u sWith current phasor i s, calculate instantaneous active power in the present control winding by instantaneous power computing unit (19)
Figure C20071002533200081
And reactive power
Figure C20071002533200082
4) with q s *With
Figure C20071002533200083
p s *With
Figure C20071002533200084
Send into binary states hysteresis comparator 20,21 respectively, to the output of hysteresis comparator (dq dp) encodes, with it as the row of switch list number.Judge control winding terminal voltage vector u via sector arbiter 22 sThe sector at (or control winding flux linkage vector) place, and with it as the row of switch list number.Voltage vector in unique thus definite optimization switch list 23.This vector is affacted on the power inverter, make the instantaneous active power of control winding
Figure C20071002533200085
And instantaneous reactive power
Figure C20071002533200086
With certain permissible error trace command power, press thereby make system when different operating mode, all can export galvanic current.

Claims (3)

1.一种定子双绕组异步电机发电系统的瞬时功率直接控制方法,其特征在于该发电系统包括由定子双绕组异步发电机(1)、滤波电感(2)、功率变换器(3)、整流桥(4)和励磁电容(5)组成的主回路,由蓄电池(6)和二极管(7)组成的低压小功率辅助电源,由电流传感器(8)和电压传感器(9、10、11)组成的检测回路,由数字信号处理器(12)和该功率变换器的驱动电路(13)组成的控制回路,该控制回路中省去了电流闭环线路和转速传感器;该瞬时功率直接控制方法是,直接以控制绕组的瞬时功率为对象,在每个控制周期中,选用最优的电压矢量作用到控制绕组上,用以调节控制绕组的瞬时有功功率和瞬时无功功率,使该发电系统在工况变化时,功率绕组经整流后输出恒定的直流电压,该工况包括转速或负载。1. A method for instantaneous power direct control of a stator double-winding asynchronous motor power generation system, characterized in that the power generation system comprises a stator double-winding asynchronous generator (1), a filter inductor (2), a power converter (3), a rectifier The main circuit composed of the bridge (4) and the excitation capacitor (5), the low-voltage low-power auxiliary power supply composed of the battery (6) and the diode (7), and the current sensor (8) and the voltage sensor (9, 10, 11) The detection loop is a control loop made up of a digital signal processor (12) and the drive circuit (13) of the power converter, and the current closed-loop circuit and the speed sensor are omitted in this control loop; the instantaneous power direct control method is, Directly take the instantaneous power of the control winding as the object, in each control cycle, select the optimal voltage vector to act on the control winding to adjust the instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the control winding, so that the power generation system can When the working condition changes, the power winding outputs a constant DC voltage after rectification, and the working condition includes the speed or load. 2.根据权利要求1所述的定子双绕组异步电机发电系统的瞬时功率直接控制方法,其特征在于根据功率绕组输出的直流电压与给定输出电压的偏差,来确定控制绕组下一控制周期的指令无功功率,根据功率变换器直流侧的电压与给定电压的偏差,来确定控制绕组下一控制周期的指令有功功率,将计算出的控制绕组瞬时有功功率和瞬时无功功率分别与对应的指令有功功率和指令无功功率进行比较,并结合控制绕组端电压矢量或控制绕组磁链矢量所处的扇区,从优化开关表中选择最优的电压矢量以使控制绕组的瞬时功率跟踪指令功率的变化。2. The instantaneous power direct control method of the stator double-winding asynchronous motor power generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that according to the deviation between the DC voltage output by the power winding and the given output voltage, the next control period of the control winding is determined. Command reactive power, according to the deviation between the voltage on the DC side of the power converter and the given voltage, determine the command active power of the next control cycle of the control winding, and compare the calculated instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the control winding with the corresponding The command active power and the command reactive power are compared, combined with the sector where the control winding terminal voltage vector or the control winding flux linkage vector is located, the optimal voltage vector is selected from the optimized switch table to make the instantaneous power of the control winding track Changes in command power. 3.根据权利要求2所述的定子双绕组异步电机发电系统的瞬时功率直接控制方法,其特征在于,编制一个反映基本电压矢量对控制绕组的瞬时有功功率和瞬时无功功率影响的该优化开关表,根据该发电系统的状态信息从该表中选取最优的电压矢量作为功率变换器的控制信号,将控制绕组瞬时有功功率和瞬时无功功率限定在指定的误差范围内,以达到对该发电系统输出电压的控制。3. The instantaneous power direct control method of the stator double-winding asynchronous motor power generation system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, compile a reflection basic voltage vector to control winding's instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power influence of this optimization switch According to the state information of the power generation system, the optimal voltage vector is selected from the table as the control signal of the power converter, and the instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the control winding are limited within the specified error range, so as to achieve the Control of the output voltage of the power generation system.
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US11936317B2 (en) 2021-02-10 2024-03-19 Blue Origin, Llc Low-voltage fault-tolerant rotating electromechanical actuators, and associated systems and methods
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