Background technology
Power electronics and modern control technology are the mouse-cage type asynchronous machine power generation system on basis, it is adjustable continuously that its excitation is idle, electricity generation system electric energy quality significantly promotes, many advantages such as simple, easy to maintenance, reliability height of generator self structure make this system become grid-connected power generation system and the research of independent electric power supplies such as aircraft, electric automobile and the focuses of application such as small-sized waterpower, wind-force gradually in addition.But also there is deficiency in such generator: when being series at converter between threephase asynchronous machine and the load, required converter capacity is bigger, and the switch harmonic of converter is injected load easily; When converter was parallel to generator end jointly by isolating inductance and load, required isolation inductance volume was bigger, and the generator output voltage quality to be subjected to the size and the property effect of load very big.
The dual stator-winding induction generator system that proposes before and after 2000 improves the deficiency of said system.Place two cover windings on this motor stator, a cover is the power winding, can be three-phase, also can be heterogeneous, output DC after rectification; Another set of for the control winding, connect converters with the regulator generator internal magnetic field, firm power winding output voltage.Two cover winding numbers of pole-pairs are identical, are not electrically connected, only by the association of motor internal magnetic field; The rotor of generator is cage-shaped structure or solid construction.
The runnability of electricity generation system depends on the control strategy that is adopted to a great extent.This system mainly adopts the method for " outer voltage, current inner loop " at present, promptly the voltage status according to outer shroud two cover windings obtains interior ring control winding instruction current value, the current inner loop adjuster makes control winding current trace command electric current by suitable modulator approach power controlling converter.Obviously, this control strategy based on electric current loop requires to control winding and has current response and low harmonic current fast, to guarantee the sound attitude quality of system.From the documents and materials of publishing now, current inner loop mainly contains triangular wave carrier PWM (SPWM) and stagnates two kinds of ring PWM controls.For the former, though this method switching frequency is fixed, active current and reactive current do not obtain decoupling zero.For the latter, because there is coupling in the every phase winding of control winding, although obtained the instruction current value of decoupling zero, through behind the stagnant ring controller of current inner loop by outer voltage, finally be applied to the coupling information that has also incorporated in the switching signal on the converter between phase and phase, influenced control performance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: overcome the deficiency of existing asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding control method, to the dual stator-winding induction generator system provide a kind of simple in structure, amount of calculation is little, have the output voltage control method of dynamic and static state performance well.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is, the direct control method of a kind of instantaneous power of asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding, this electricity generation system comprises by dual stator-winding induction generator 1, filter inductance 2, power inverter 3, the major loop that rectifier bridge 4 and exciting capacity 5 are formed, the low pressure small-power accessory power supply of forming by storage battery 6 and diode 7, by current sensor 8 and voltage sensor 9,10, the 11 detection loops of forming, control loop by the drive circuit 13 of digital signal processor 12 and this power inverter is formed has saved current closed-loop circuit and speed probe in this control loop; The direct control method of this instantaneous power is, directly the instantaneous power with the control winding is an object, in each control cycle, select for use optimum voltage vector to affact on the control winding, in order to regulate the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power of control winding, make this electricity generation system when working conditions change, the power winding is exported constant DC and is pressed after rectification, and this operating mode comprises rotating speed or load.
According to the direct voltage of power winding output and the deviation of given output voltage, determine the instruction reactive power of next control cycle of control winding, deviation according to the voltage and the given voltage of power inverter DC side, determine the instruction active power of next control cycle of control winding, the control winding instantaneous active power that calculates and instantaneous reactive power are compared with corresponding instruction active power and instruction reactive power respectively, and, from optimize switch list, select optimum voltage vector so that the variation of the instantaneous power trace command power of control winding in conjunction with control winding terminal voltage vector or the residing sector of control winding flux linkage vector.
Work out a reflection basic voltage vectors to the instantaneous active power of control winding and the optimization switch list of instantaneous reactive power influence, from this table, choose the control signal of optimum voltage vector according to the state information of this electricity generation system as power inverter, control winding instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power are limited in the error range of appointment, to reach control this electricity generation system output voltage.
The voltage control method that the present invention proposes, the advantage of comparing with existing control method is: it is little influenced by the parameter of electric machine, calculates simply, need not complicated coordinate transform and trigonometric function and calculates, and is easy to single-chip microcomputer or digital signal processor and realizes.Disclosing on the basis of basic voltage vectors to the influence of control winding instantaneous power by optimizing switch list, directly pick out optimum voltage vector according to system mode and come the power controlling converter, have clearly physical concept.Owing to removed speed probe and current closed-loop circuit, not only made system configuration simple, and improved system reliability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the dual stator-winding induction generator systematic schematic diagram.
Label title among Fig. 1: 1. dual stator-winding induction generator, 2. filter inductance, 3. power inverter, 4. rectifier bridge, 5. excitation capacitor group, 6. storage battery, 7. power diode 8. is a current sensor, and 9,10 and 11 is voltage sensor, 12. digital signal processor, 13. be drive circuit, 14. DC load, 15. prime mover, 16. shaft joint.
Fig. 2 is basic voltage vectors (U
1, U
2, U
3, U
4, U
5, U
6) divide with the sector.
Fig. 3 is that basic voltage vectors is to control winding magnetic linkage ψ
sEffect.
Fig. 4 is the movement locus of instantaneous meritorious and reactive power of control winding.
Fig. 5 is the direct control method schematic diagram of the power of dual stator-winding induction generator system.
17 and 18 are respectively instruction reactive power q among Fig. 5
s *With instruction active power p
s *Generation unit, 19 are control winding instantaneous reactive power
And active power
Computing unit, 20 and 21 is binary states power hysteresis comparator, its output is respectively d
qAnd d
p, 22 is the sector arbiter, 23 for optimizing switch list, is output as 6 path switching signals.
Specific implementation method
Narrate the specific embodiment of the present invention, operation principle and the course of work with reference to the accompanying drawings.Asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 comprises the major loop that dual stator-winding induction generator 1, filter inductance 2, power inverter 3, rectifier bridge 4, excitation capacitor group 5 are formed; The low pressure small-power accessory power supply of forming by storage battery 6 and diode 7; The detection loop of forming by current sensor 8 and voltage sensor 9,10 and 11; By digital signal processor 12 be connected to the control loop that the drive circuit 13 of power inverter is formed.The switching tube of power inverter can adopt IGBT or Intelligent Power Module (IPM).This generator system is suitable for operation in the wide speed range, and in order to reduce the capacity of power inverter, exciting capacity cannot be obtained excessive, builds pressure but so just can't make generator rely on electric capacity to realize encouraging oneself; At this moment just need small-power accessory power supply (12V or 24V storage battery) to provide initial voltage for control side dc bus, rely on power inverter idle to the inner injection of generator excitation, system voltage is increased, when control winding DC bus-bar voltage surpasses the level of accessory power supply, rely on diode to make storage battery nature detachment system.Voltage-current sensor is Hall element, and wherein 8 is two AC current sensor, thus can controlled winding ac-side current vector i
s9 is two AC voltage sensor, thus can controlled winding AC side voltage vector u
s10 and 11 are the direct voltage transducer, thus respectively can controlled winding converter dc voltage U
SDCWith power winding output voltage U
PDCThese transducers are converted to the forceful electric power signals such as voltage and current on the major loop light current and press signal, use for control loop; Detect the loop when realizing reliable electrical isolation between control circuit and the main circuit, can carry out information transmission accurately again simultaneously.Digital signal processor in the control loop obtains the information of main circuit, and the direct control method of power in conjunction with the present invention proposes obtains the power inverter control signal, sends the power inverter that 6 road pulse signals remove to control major loop through overdrive circuit 13.
The direct control method of power of the dual stator-winding induction generator that the present invention proposes, be by selecting optimum voltage vector, affact on the control winding, make the reactive power of generator inside adapt to the variation of the operating mode (factors such as rotating speed, load) of generator rapidly, reach the purpose of power winding regulated output voltage; Meanwhile, regulate the active power that the control winding absorbs from generator, cause the dc capacitor voltage fluctuation to avoid power inverter when working, to bring active loss because of reasons such as line resistance, switching losses.At asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding, the direct control method principles illustrated of power is as follows:
Magnetic field is the key physical amount that electromechanical energy transforms, common asynchronous generator at first needs when moving from external world's absorption excitation reactive power, to set up motor internal magnetic field, traditional motor is realized magnetic field foundation in end shunt excitation capacitor group, but when generator loading or rotating speed changed, the motor internal excitation is idle also will to be changed thereupon, constant in order to keep output voltage amplitude, the appearance value that needs continuous regulating capacitor group, this is very inconvenience in practical operation.On the other hand, the active power and the reactive power of common asynchronous generator twist together, this brings certain difficulty to control, dual stator-winding induction generator, one cover winding is set on stator in addition the excitation reactive power is implemented independent control, by idle adjusting reaches control to output voltage under the different operating conditions to control winding excitation.What adopt mostly at asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding at present is the control that the method for " outer voltage; current inner loop " realizes power, this method is direct inadequately for the control of power on the one hand, control the performance that effect is decided by current regulator to a great extent on the other hand, and do not have fully to disclose the influence of voltage vector for instantaneous power.
The important feature that the present invention is different from existing control method has been to analyze and indicate the influence degree of basic voltage vectors for control winding active power and reactive power, and be stored in the optimization switch list, according to the autotelic selection voltage vector of operating mode (situations of change such as rotating speed, load) of motor; It is core of the present invention that the foundation of switch list and optimization are chosen.As shown in Figure 1, the control winding has adopted voltage type power transformer, and it contains 6 basic voltage vectors (U
1, U
2, U
3, U
4, U
5, U
6) and two zero vectors, these vectors are divided into 6 sectors with space average, in order accurately to select voltage vector, reduce input current harmonics, and original 6 sectors are segmented again, obtain 12 sectors as shown in Figure 2.When the stator double-wind-ing gene rator is in generator operation, control winding flux linkage vector ψ
sFall behind rotor flux vector ψ
rAngle be
As shown in Figure 3.Because the instantaneous reactive and the ψ of control winding
sAmplitude be directly proportional, control winding active power be directly proportional with slip, just with
Linear.With ψ
sIn the 1st sector is example, analyzes the influence of basic voltage vectors for control winding instantaneous power.Voltage vector U
1, U
5, U
6Make ψ
sTo departing from ψ
rDirection operation, cause
Increase, show the active power (p that the control winding draws from generator
s) increase; U wherein
5Make ψ
sAmplitude reduce, it is idle to show that converter has been provided by the excitation that provides to generator; U
1Make ψ
sAmplitude increase, it is idle to show that the control winding has strengthened the excitation of injecting to generator, and U
6Cause ψ
sThe degree that changes of amplitude not obvious.In like manner, voltage vector U
2, U
3, U
4Make ψ
sTowards pressing close to ψ
rDirection motion, cause
Reduce, show the active power (p that the control winding draws from generator
s) reduce; U wherein
2, U
4And U
3To ψ
sThe influence of amplitude identical with top analysis.In like manner can obtain, basic voltage vectors was to the influence of control winding instantaneous power when magnetic linkage was positioned at other sectors.Control winding terminal voltage vector u during the electricity generation system operate as normal
sLeading control winding flux linkage vector ψ
s, and both near normal; Analysis result is summarized as table 1, in the table ↑ the expression increase, ↓ expression reduces, ↑/↓ expression changes not obvious.This explanation free voltage vector affacts the variation that all can cause control winding instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power on the control winding, the trend that changes is relevant with the sector at control winding flux linkage vector place with degree, can directly choose optimum voltage vector according to the state of electricity generation system in view of the above affacts on the control winding, to satisfy the power demand of system.
Table 1 voltage vector is to the influence of instantaneous power
Table 2 is optimized switch list
By shown in Figure 5, the direct voltage U of power winding output
PDCWith given output voltage U
PDC *Deviation determining to control the instruction reactive power q of winding
s *Control winding dc voltage U
SDCWith given voltage U
SDC *Deviation determining to control the instruction active power p of winding
s *After control winding instruction power and measured power compare, send into binary states power hysteresis comparator respectively, it is output as 0 or 1.For excitation is idle, during the output dq=0 of power hysteresis comparator, represent that the actual excitation of control winding is idle greater than desired value in this control cycle, need in next control cycle, reduce (↓); Dq=1 represents that the actual excitation of control winding is idle less than desired value in this control cycle, need increase in next control cycle (↑).In like manner can get the definition of active power hysteresis comparator output dp.Any time, the output of two power hysteresis comparators (dq dp) has combination in four: (dq=0, dp=0); (dq=0, dp=1); (dq=1, dp=0); (dq=1, dp=1).The deviation of control winding actual power and instruction power can promptly be dwindled by selecting optimum voltage vector.For example: when control winding flux linkage vector is in the 1st sector, power stagnate ring be output as (dq=0, dp=0), expression control actual active power of winding and reactive power need reduce in the next cycle all greater than command value, the table of comparisons 1 is U as can be known
4Meet the demands.With U
4Insert the relevant position in the table 2.By that analogy, can set up table 2.
In sum, directly choose only basic voltage vectors, can reach control rapidly and accurately the control winding power according to system status information.Asynchronous motor power generation system of stator duplex winding is controlled block diagram as shown in Figure 5, and its specific implementation step is as follows:
1) the direct voltage U that the power winding is exported
PDCThe and instruction output voltage U
PDC *Sending into that reactive power generator (17) obtains should be by the instruction instantaneous reactive power q of control winding supply
s *
2) with power inverter dc voltage U
SDCThe and instruction voltage U
SDC *Sending into that active power generator (18) obtains should be by the instruction instantaneous active power p of control winding supply
s *
3) according to control winding AC side voltage vector u
sWith current phasor i
s, calculate instantaneous active power in the present control winding by instantaneous power computing unit (19)
And reactive power
4) with q
s *With
p
s *With
Send into binary
states hysteresis comparator 20,21 respectively, to the output of hysteresis comparator (dq dp) encodes, with it as the row of switch list number.Judge control winding terminal voltage vector u via
sector arbiter 22
sThe sector at (or control winding flux linkage vector) place, and with it as the row of switch list number.Voltage vector in unique thus definite optimization switch list 23.This vector is affacted on the power inverter, make the instantaneous active power of control winding
And instantaneous reactive power
With certain permissible error trace command power, press thereby make system when different operating mode, all can export galvanic current.