CN100451799C - Vertically aligned nematic mode liquid crystal display having large tilt angles and high contrast - Google Patents
Vertically aligned nematic mode liquid crystal display having large tilt angles and high contrast Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A reflective liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display comprises a transparent substrate, a reflective substrate, and liquid crystal fluid between the substrates. The LCOS display further comprises a matrix of pixels, arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, wherein an intersection of a row and a column defines a position of a pixel in the matrix. The tilt angles sufficient to overcome disclinations due to fringe fields, and, at vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules have the same time, archieves high contrast. The surface azimuthal direction of the molecules of the liquid crystal fluid is either substantially parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the molecules of polarization of incoming incident linearly polarized light. Light leakage is minimal because the effective birefringence as seen by the incoming incident linearly polarized light is substantially zero and does not depend on the pretilt of the molecules of the liquid crystal fluid. Between the transparent substrate and the reflective substrate, the twist of the molecules of the liquid crystal fluid may vary from about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees when in the ''OFF'' state.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to LCD (LCD), more specifically, relate to reflection-type liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display.
Background technology
LCD Technology is reduced to miniscope (minidisplay) less than 1.3 inches Diagonal Dimension and the miniscope (microdisplay) that needs amplification system with the size of display from whole screen sizes.Miniscope can utilize SIC (semiconductor integrated circuit) (IC) dynamic RAM (DRAM) technology to make, for example liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) technology.The LCOS miniscope is made of the liquid crystal layer of the silicon substrate backplane with reflecting surface, cover glass (cover glass) and insertion.The LCOS miniscope is set to the matrix of the pixel of arranging with multirow and multiple row, and wherein the point of crossing of delegation and row has defined locations of pixels in the matrix.For incident light, each pixel is a liquid crystal cells (liquid crystal cell) of catoptron top.The molecular orientation of liquid crystal can make incident light change its polarization state in the described layer that is feature by inclination angle and the torsion angle that changes with the liquid crystal director (director) of arbitrfary point in the described layer.The silicon backboard is the array of pixel, is generally the spacing of 7 to 20 microns (μ m).Each pixel has the minute surface that occupies most of pixel region.This minute surface also is the electric conductor that forms pixel capacitor with the lcd cover glass electrode, and described cover glass electrode is the transparent conducting coating on the cover glass inner face (liquid crystal side).This transparent conducting coating is generally tin indium oxide (ITO).Because each pixel capacitor is charged to certain magnitude of voltage, the liquid crystal fluid between the pole plate of pixel capacitor has changed its molecular orientation, and this has influence on the polarized state of light (from the reflection of pixel minute surface) that incides pixel.
Reflection-type LCOS miniscope has high aperture ratio, therefore can provide the brightness higher than transmission type lcd device.The main application of these LCOS miniscopes is that home theater is used, for example projector and front and back projection TV (giant-screen).Use for these, high contrast is very important.High-contrast depends on the liquid crystal optics pattern of using in the LCD.Usually, vertical orientation is one of optical mode that can obtain very high contrast to row (VAN) pattern, and many liquid crystal display manufacturers have begun this specific optical mode is used for their display.
Tilt angle (pretilt angle) is defined in the inclination angle of border surface place liquid crystal director.In the VAN mode LCD, tilt angle is less, so when not having electric field to be applied on the display, the molecular orientation of liquid crystal fluid is almost perpendicular to substrate surface.Therefore, the linearly polarized photon perpendicular to the incident of display base plate experiences less birefringence when it passes liquid crystal layer.Therefore the linearly polarized photon of this normal incident experiences minimum phase delay when it passes liquid crystal fluid, comprises from the bottom reflection substrate of display being reflected.So just utilizing crossed-polarizer (crossed polarizer) (for example, to provide very dark " pass " (" OFF ") state during polarization beam apparatus-PBS), obtained very high contrast thus.When electric field was applied to liquid crystal fluid, the molecule in the block of liquid crystal fluid (bulk) was towards being orientated the delay that increases the liquid crystal fluid layer thus by the defined direction of the both alignment layers on the substrate surface.Therefore, the incident light of linear polarization begins to experience phase delay when it enters into liquid crystal fluid, and the bottom reflection substrate from display is reflected then.Thus, the polarization state of the light of outgoing (reflected light) will for ellipse and some light begin to pass crossed-polarizer.Increase electric field and can increase this effect until obtaining the brightest state.
In common VAN pattern, the molecular orientation of the liquid crystal fluid at substrate surface place is limited by the both alignment layers on each substrate surface.This orientation is described by tilt angle and surface azimuthal direction (surfaceazimuthal direction), and described surface azimuthal direction is parallel to the projection of liquid crystal director to the substrate surface.The azimuth direction of the liquid crystal fluid molecule of the pre-close bottom of the azimuth direction both alignment layers of the liquid crystal fluid molecule of close top both alignment layers is opposite, i.e. antiparallel.Shown in Fig. 1 a and 1b, be miter angle by the polarization direction of the defined azimuth direction of both alignment layers and the linear polarization feeding sputtering light that enters.Usually, it is less that the tilt angle of the molecule in the VAN mode display need keep, and for example, less than 4 degree, thereby obtains very dark " pass " state, obtains high-contrast thus.Although thereby this tilt angle enough prevents the reversal dip territory in the display greatly, but still can't overcome because the defective that the place, edge between the neighbor produces.When Pixel Dimensions when in the LCOS miniscope, diminishing usually, it is extremely important that fringing field becomes.For example, the size of LCOS miniscope can be measured one inch and have the Pixel Dimensions of about 12 μ m * 12 μ m along diagonal.When the needs high resolving power, for example, during digital cinema applications, Pixel Dimensions further can be reduced to about 9 μ m * 9 μ m or littler.In this case, fringing field highly significant and liquid crystal can be along being arranged by the defined direction of the vergence direction of both alignment layers.This finally can produce defective, promptly usually said disclination (disclination) at the pixel boundary place.Be in " opening " state and neighbor when being in " pass " state a pixel, fringing field is very strong, and this effect is very obvious.
In order to overcome above problem, be necessary to increase the tilt angle that both alignment layers produced on the substrate surface.Determine that experimentally for overcoming described fringing field effect, tilt angle must be at least 8 degree.Yet the dark state with VAN mode LCD of this value tilt angle has the significant light leakage rate by crossed-polarizer, and the optical contrast ratio that can obtain is so not high yet.Therefore, the intrinsic property of VAN display has determined to realize very dark " pass " state fully.This is because the non-zero birefringence that linear polarization feeding sputtering light experienced due to the high tilt angle of liquid crystal fluid.Therefore, must use other method to stop this light leakage such as additional external delayer (retarder).Usually, this is by the existing method (current method) of all VAN liquid crystal display manufacturers uses to overcome the above problems.
Summary of the invention
Have tilt angle that enough overcomes the disclination due to the fringing field and system, the method and apparatus that obtains high-contrast simultaneously by providing, the present invention has overcome other shortcoming and defect of above-indicated problem and prior art.
In common VAN optical mode, surface azimuthal direction is 45 degree with the polarization direction of the linear polarization feeding sputtering light that enters.Therefore, exist, and birefringence increases along with the increase of tilt angle, increase the light leakage rate thus by the effective birefringence that incident light experienced that enters.
If with linearly polarized photon rotation 45 degree of the display shown in Fig. 1 a with respect to incident, promptly, make the surface azimuthal direction of liquid crystal fluid molecule parallel or perpendicular to the polarization direction of the incident linearly polarized photon that enters, then light leak minimum because effective birefringence of being experienced by the incident linearly polarized photon that enters be 0 and its do not rely on the tilt angle of liquid crystal fluid molecule.Yet,, because because with discussed above identical, " opening " state does not work, so this structure can not be used for actual application.But this feature is advantageously used in the present invention, that is, the surface azimuthal direction that top and bottom substrate are produced is set to basically and is perpendicular to one another.Simultaneously, the surface azimuthal direction that a substrate produced vertical/be parallel to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized photon that enters and be parallel/vertical and described polarization direction from the surface azimuthal direction of another substrate.In fact, this is 90 degree torsion structures under " pass " state.Because most of molecules of liquid crystal layer can not make the polarization direction of the incident linearly polarized photon that its azimuth direction is oriented and enters be miter angle, so all be orientated with the VAN structures that polarization direction with respect to the linearly polarized photon that enters is 45 degree with surface azimuthal direction that all molecules wherein have identical inclination angle and all molecules and compare effective birefringence minimum that the incident linearly polarized photon that enters is experienced.Therefore, in the present invention, even thereby tilt angle enough big remove since due to the fringing field to staggering the time, light leaks also very little.
An important techniques feature of optical mode of the present invention occurs in " opening " state.At " opening " state, the present invention is different with 90 conventional degree twisted nematic (TN) pattern performances, and the present invention has provided required extraordinary bright state in the liquid crystal display applications of using PBS.In 90 degree TN patterns of routine, linearly polarized photon is entering and when liquid crystal layer comes out, all by torsion structure institute " guiding ", this will cause the dark state with PBS.According to the present invention, needn't in the liquid crystal fluid of display, add the adulterant (chiral dopant) of chirality and just can realize bright " opening " state.
Although the surface azimuthal direction at the liquid crystal fluid molecule at bottom and head substrate place has produced reversing of 90 degree, under " opening " state, this optical mode can not show the picture routine 90 spend nematic mode.On the other hand, the present invention can not show as the VAN mode display under " pass " state.The present invention produces much black state than the conventional VAN mode display with same pretilt angle.Therefore, the present invention is neither the VAN mode display, 90 degree nematic mode displays that neither be conventional.
Can obtain gray level (gray scale) by the voltage that control is applied to liquid crystal layer, for example the light intensity in the middle of " opening " and " pass " intensity by polarizer.In crossed-polarizer (or PBS) structure, increase voltage and increased the light that passes to output terminal, until the bright of-state voltage of a certain the best.The value of this optimum bright state voltage depends on parameter, cell gap, tilt angle and the relevant optical wavelength range of liquid crystal material.This voltage can be determined experimentally.In addition, by the control LCD in the time of " opening " state and in the time of " pass " state, the gray level that can controlled observation arrives.In addition, utilize method well known in the art, utilize three displays of each corresponding a kind of color in three panel systems, perhaps utilize field sequential color (FSC) system, can produce colour such as color filter.
The thickness of liquid crystal fluid (d) (distance between the inner face of top and bottom substrate) can for example be about 3.5 μ m+/-0.2 μ m.Birefraction (Δ n) can for example be about 0.0830 at 45 ℃.That be used for liquid crystal fluid of the present invention and be nematic and have a negative dielectric anisotropy (=ε
//-ε
⊥＜0), ε wherein
//And ε
⊥Be the horizontal component and the vertical component (for liquid crystal molecule) of the specific inductive capacity of liquid crystal material.Desired and within the scope of the present invention be, can used thickness (d) and the combination in any of birefraction (Δ n), as long as satisfy condition Δ nd＞λ/4, wherein λ is the light wavelength that incides on the display.
Any liquid crystal fluid of being developed for the VAN display can be used for the present invention.According to the present invention, needn't in liquid crystal fluid, introduce chiral dopant.Typical liquid crystal fluid is such as but not limited to being: by MLC-6608, MLC-6609 and the MLC-6610 of Merck manufacturing.The physical characteristics that is used for the liquid crystal material of VAN display is a negative dielectric anisotropic, and promptly the vertical component of specific inductive capacity is greater than its horizontal component.Therefore, when applying electric field, the molecule of liquid crystal fluid will be arranged in perpendicular to direction of an electric field.For example, dielectric anisotropy can be about Δ ε=-3.1 to-4.2.Birefraction can be for about 0.0777 to 0.0996, and nematic phase can be more than 80 ℃ to the phase transition temperature of isotropic phase.
Technical advantage of the present invention is, utilizes this optical mode can have much black " pass " state, has relative high tilt angle even compare with the VAN mode display with same pretilt angle, also can have high-contrast thus.Because high tilt angle substantially can be owing to the fringing field across neighbor produces the disclination defective at the pixel boundary place.Another technical advantage is, because extraordinary dark state of the present invention does not need the external delay device to come block light leakage.
In projection application with McNeil type polarization beam apparatus, there is the system delay device for each colored radio frequency channel (RGB), it is quarter-wave plate normally, with compensation warpage light.When adopting regular VAN mode display in such application, this system delay device also can be used in and stops light and leak.In fact, it will become the compromise state between warpage light compensation and the light leakage.Yet this can not play good effect for the blue channel that produces appropriate light leakage rate.Therefore, the contrast of blue channel is usually less than other two radio frequency channel (red and green).In fact, shown in experiment, be used to stop suitable delayer that light leaking and be to have the delayer of about 50 nanometers or littler low length of delay.Be difficult to find and be not easy and obtain such delayer with good uniformity coefficient commercial.According to the present invention, because very dark " pass " state and system delay device can only be used to compensate warpage light in the visible spectrum zone, so there is not such problem.And blue channel can not suffer low contrast yet.
Some optical texture does not need the warpage light compensation.An example of this kinds of structures is the structure that its center line grid (wire-grid) polarization beam apparatus is used to separate the input and output beam path.This line grid beam splitter is by Orem, the Moxtek Inc. manufacturing of Utah.Therefore, for such application, the present invention has superiority, because can eliminate the extra cost of additional external delayer.
The present invention relates to reflection LCD, comprising: first substrate of substantially transparent; Substantially be reflexive and be basically parallel to second substrate of described first substrate; And, having the liquid crystal fluid of birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic, wherein said liquid crystal fluid is between described first and second substrates; Described first substrate has first liquid crystal alignment layer near described liquid crystal fluid, and wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described first liquid crystal alignment layer has first tilt angle and the first orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree; Described second substrate has second liquid crystal alignment layer near described liquid crystal fluid, wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described second liquid crystal alignment layer has second tilt angle and the second orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree, and described second orientation angular direction is basically perpendicular to described first orientation angular direction.
The polarization direction of linear polarization feeding sputtering light can be similar to and be parallel to the first surface azimuth direction.The polarization direction of linear polarization feeding sputtering light can be approximately perpendicular to the first surface azimuth direction.
Can be by the electric field between described first and second substrates be produced shade of gray from the electric field that does not have electric field to change to have optimum value substantially.
The invention still further relates to reflection LCD, comprising: first substrate of substantially transparent; Substantially be reflexive and be basically parallel to second substrate of described first substrate; And, having the liquid crystal fluid of birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic, wherein said liquid crystal fluid is between described first and second substrates; Described first substrate has first liquid crystal alignment layer near described liquid crystal fluid, and wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described first liquid crystal alignment layer has first tilt angle and the first orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree; Described second substrate has second liquid crystal alignment layer near described liquid crystal fluid, wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described second liquid crystal alignment layer has second tilt angle and the second orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree, and described second orientation angular direction is basically perpendicular to described first orientation angular direction; Wherein: when between described first and second substrates, applying electric field, the molecule of a great deal of of described liquid crystal fluid has increased its inclination angle, and when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the molecule of a great deal of of described liquid crystal fluid makes its azimuth direction be basically perpendicular to described first and second substrates; Thus, when between described first and second substrates, applying electric field, described liquid crystal fluid is with the incident light of the linear polarization feeding sputtering light at the described first substrate place sub-circular polarization when described second substrate, wherein said second substrate reflects the incident light of described sub-circular polarization and makes it become the light of the sub-circular polarization of opposite chirality, wherein said liquid crystal fluid becomes the reflected light of this sub-circular polarization the reflected light of the approximately linear polarization when described first substrate, make and state linear polarization feeding sputtering light and described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction near normal in the described first substrate place, and thus, when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, described liquid crystal fluid does not change the polarisation of light that passes this liquid crystal fluid substantially, and states linear polarization feeding sputtering light in the described first substrate place and described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction is substantially parallel.
Can between described first and second substrates, apply electric field with a plurality of first sequential (first times), can between described first and second substrates, not apply electric field substantially with a plurality of second sequential (second times), thereby wherein said first and second sequential can be changed the generation shade of gray.Thereby described first and second sequential also can be changed and produce field sequential color (field sequential color).
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used for reflection LCD, said method comprising the steps of: first substrate that substantially transparent is set; Be provided with and be reflexive substantially and be basically parallel to second substrate of described first substrate; And setting has the liquid crystal fluid of birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic between described first and second substrates; On described first substrate, first liquid crystal alignment layer is set, described first liquid crystal alignment layer is near described liquid crystal fluid, and wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described first liquid crystal alignment layer has first tilt angle and the first orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree; On described second substrate, second liquid crystal alignment layer is set, described second liquid crystal alignment layer is near described liquid crystal fluid, wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described second liquid crystal alignment layer has second tilt angle and the second orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree, and described second orientation angular direction is basically perpendicular to described first orientation angular direction; Make when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, described liquid crystal fluid does not change the polarized state of light that therefrom passes, and it is substantially parallel at described first substrate place linear polarization feeding sputtering light and linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction, when between described first and second substrates, applying the value of optimum bright state voltage, described liquid crystal fluid changes over the linear polarization feeding sputtering light at the described first substrate place incident light of the sub-circular polarization when described second substrate, wherein said second substrate reflects the incident light of described sub-circular polarization and makes it become the light of the sub-circular polarization of opposite chirality, wherein said liquid crystal fluid becomes the reflected light of this sub-circular polarization the reflected light of the approximately linear polarization when described first substrate, make and state linear polarization feeding sputtering light and described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction near normal in the described first substrate place, and when the value that applies between described first and second substrates less than described optimum bright state voltage, described liquid crystal fluid is passed described liquid crystal fluid and its polarization state is become elliptically polarized light when described second substrate is reflected at described incident linearly polarized photon.
By the polarization of incident light state being become elliptic polarization from the approximately linear polarization at the described second substrate place, the electric field that changes between described first and second substrates can be used to produce shade of gray, and when not having electric field substantially, be approximately linear in the described second substrate place polarization of incident light.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method that is used for reflection LCD, said method comprising the steps of: first substrate that substantially transparent is set; Be provided with and be reflexive substantially and be basically parallel to second substrate of described first substrate; And setting has the liquid crystal fluid of birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic, and wherein said liquid crystal fluid is between described first and second substrates; On described first substrate, first liquid crystal alignment layer is set, described first liquid crystal alignment layer is near described liquid crystal fluid, and wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described first liquid crystal alignment layer has first tilt angle and the first orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree; On described second substrate, second liquid crystal alignment layer is set, described second liquid crystal alignment layer is near described liquid crystal fluid, wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described second liquid crystal alignment layer has second tilt angle and the second orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree, and described second orientation angular direction is basically perpendicular to described first orientation angular direction; Wherein: when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the molecular orientation of a great deal of of described liquid crystal fluid is for being basically perpendicular to described first and second substrates; And when applying electric field between described first and second substrates, the molecular changes inclination angle of a great deal of of described liquid crystal fluid is with towards being parallel to described first and second substrates; Thus, when between described first and second substrates, applying electric field, described liquid crystal fluid changes over the linear polarization feeding sputtering light at the described first substrate place incident light of the sub-circular polarization when described second substrate, wherein said second substrate reflects the incident light of described sub-circular polarization and makes it become the light of the sub-circular polarization of opposite chirality, wherein said liquid crystal fluid becomes the reflected light of this sub-circular polarization the reflected light of the approximately linear polarization when described first substrate, make and state linear polarization feeding sputtering light and described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction near normal in the described first substrate place, and thus, when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, described liquid crystal fluid does not change the polarized state of light that passes this liquid crystal fluid substantially, makes to state linear polarization feeding sputtering light in the described first substrate place and described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction is substantially parallel.
The invention still further relates to a kind of reflection LCD assembly, comprising: first substrate of substantially transparent; What be basically parallel to described first substrate is reflexive second substrate substantially; And, having the liquid crystal fluid of birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic, wherein said liquid crystal fluid is between described first and second substrates; First and second liquid crystal alignment layers on described first and second substrates respectively, wherein the molecule near the described fluid of described first and second liquid crystal alignment layers has limited tilt angle and is oriented in first and second azimuth directions respectively; Wherein be to make (i) when not having electric field to be applied between the described substrate substantially with described arrangement of components, the fluid molecule of a great deal of is orientated and is basically perpendicular to described substrate; (ii) when applying the value of optimum bright state voltage between described substrate, the inclination angle of the fluid molecule of a great deal of increases; And (iii) when the value that between described substrate, applies less than optimum bright state voltage, inclination angle in the middle of the fluid molecule of a great deal of is oriented.
From following accompanying drawing, explanation and claim, other technical advantage of the present disclosure will be more clear to those skilled in the art.Each embodiment of the present invention has only realized the subclass of the advantage set forth.For the present invention, the neither one advantage is conclusive.
Description of drawings
With reference to following description, can obtain more fully understanding in conjunction with the drawings to the disclosure and advantage thereof, wherein:
Fig. 1 a and 1b are respectively the schematically show figure of the VAN mode LCD of prior art at " pass " state and " opening " state;
Fig. 2 is the front schematic view of the part of LCD, shows the azimuth direction and the tilt angle of the example molecule in the liquid crystal fluid;
Fig. 3 a and 3b are respectively the schematically show figure of LCD according to the present invention at " pass " state and " opening " state; And
Fig. 4 is the inclination angle of the liquid crystal fluid molecule under " pass " and " opening " state according to the present invention and the set of azimuthal curve, and the inclination angle of described liquid crystal fluid molecule and position angle are the functions of the molecule position between the substrate.
Although the present invention can stand various modifications and replacement form, its specific exemplary embodiment is illustrated by the mode of example in the accompanying drawings, and is described in detail herein.Yet, be understood that, description for specific embodiment herein is not intended to limit the invention to disclosed concrete form, and on the contrary, all modifications, equivalent and the replacement that falls into by in the defined the spirit and scope of the present invention of claim contained in the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of reflective liquid crystal micro-display, this display comprises the picture element matrix of the liquid crystal fluid of being controlled by the magnitude of voltage that is stored in the capacitor with light control characteristic, and described liquid crystal fluid comprises the zone of the pixel in the picture element matrix of representing liquid crystal microdisplay.The molecule of described liquid crystal fluid has surface azimuthal direction, and this surface azimuthal direction is approximate to be parallel to or perpendicular to the polarization direction of the linear polarization feeding sputtering light that enters.
According to the present invention, when being in " pass " state, (there is not electric field on the pixel capacitor), the molecule of liquid crystal fluid has the minimized tilt angle of disclination (measuring from the vertical direction of real estate) that just enough makes due to the fringing field.Be 90 degree approximately at the azimuth direction of the liquid crystal fluid molecule at transparency carrier place and azimuth direction at the liquid crystal fluid molecule at reflection substrate place.Such structure has caused state very dark when being in " pass " state, thereby causes high contrast.
Because the negative dielectric anisotropic (see figure 4) of material, apply the inclination of liquid crystal molecule in the block that voltage changed this layer towards the direction that is parallel to substrate to liquid crystal layer.
Referring now to accompanying drawing, the details of exemplary embodiment of the present is schematically shown.To represent components identical in the accompanying drawing by identical Reference numeral, and the Reference numeral that utilization has different lower case letter suffix will be represented similar element.
With reference to Fig. 1 a and 1b, that described is respectively the schematically show figure of the VAN mode LCD of prior art at " pass " state and " opening " state.By the azimuth direction of the defined liquid crystal molecule of both alignment layers on the substrate surface 102,104 antiparallel each other, and be miter angle with the polarization direction of the incident linearly polarized photon that enters.In the VAN mode LCD, it is less that pretilt theta need keep, and for example less than 4 degree, to obtain very dark " light " state, obtains high-contrast thus.
Referring now to Fig. 2, what described is the front schematic view of the part of LCD, shows azimuth direction angle (φ) and inclination angle (θ) of the example molecule in the liquid crystal fluid.Glass (transparent) substrate 202 is parallel with reflection (minute surface) substrate 204 and have therebetween totally by the represented liquid crystal fluid of Reference numeral 206.Distance between these parallel substrates (thickness of liquid crystal fluid) is represented by " d " generally.This distance (thickness) d preferably is about 3.5 μ m+/-0.2 μ m.Liquid crystal fluid 206 preferably has about 0.0830 birefraction (Δ n) at 45 ℃.That be used for liquid crystal fluid of the present invention and be nematic and have a negative dielectric anisotropy (=ε
//-ε
⊥＜0), ε wherein
//And ε
⊥Be the horizontal component and the vertical component (for to the row director) of the specific inductive capacity of liquid crystal fluid.Desired and within the scope of the present invention be, for effective bright state under the appropriate voltage, satisfy under the condition of Δ nd＞λ/4 approximate, can service range (thickness) (d) and the combination in any of birefraction (Δ n) (wherein λ is the light wavelength that incides on the display).For example, (cell gap) is about 3.5 μ m at cell gap, utilizes MLC-6608, and be about 8 when spending with the tilt angle of surface normal, best bright of-state voltage is about 4.0V for ruddiness (640nm), and (540nm) is about 3.5V for green glow, and (470nm) is about 3.15V for blue light.
For the purpose of example, show the unimolecule 206a of liquid crystal fluid 206.Inclination angle [theta] is to measure from the Z axle perpendicular to substrate 202 and 204.Position angle φ is that the X-axis in the XY plane is measured, and is the angle between the projection of the molecule of liquid crystal fluid 206 on X-axis and the XY plane.According to the present invention, the polarization direction of the linear polarization feeding sputtering light at glass substrate place or the approximate azimuth direction that is parallel to or produces perpendicular to glass substrate 202 places.
With reference to Fig. 3 a, that described is the figure that schematically shows according to the LCD at " pass " state of the present invention.Drawn molecule, wherein the just enough big disclination of just having removed due to the fringing field of pretilt theta (defined above) in the liquid crystal fluid 206 of " pass " state.Preferably, pretilt theta can be extremely about 15 degree of about 2 degree.Most preferably, pretilt theta can be extremely about 15 degree of about 5 degree.The polarization state of incident light 308 can not be subjected to substantially liquid crystal fluid 206 molecule influence and will be reflected from substrate 204 as the light of substantial linear polarization, the light of this linear polarization has the polarization direction of the polarization direction that is basically parallel to the incident linearly polarized photon.
With reference to Fig. 3 b, that described is the figure that schematically shows according to the LCD at " opening " state of the present invention.The structure of formed liquid crystal fluid 206 will cause the linear polarization feeding sputtering light that enters substrate 202 to become the light of sub-circular polarization at substrate 204 places under the driven of the best.Incident light at this sub-circular polarization at substrate 204 places will be reflected as the light of sub-circular polarization, singly has opposite chirality, and when it arrives substrate 202, this reflected light will be the light of approximately linear polarization, and the light of this approximately linear polarization has the polarization direction approximately perpendicular to the linear polarization feeding sputtering light polarization direction.
Referring now to Fig. 4, what described is inclination angle and azimuthal collection of curves of liquid crystal fluid 206 molecules under " pass " and " opening " state according to the present invention, and the inclination angle of described liquid crystal fluid molecule and position angle are the functions of the position of these molecules between substrate.On the vertical axes of left side, drawn inclination angle [theta], on the vertical axes of right side, drawn position angle φ from 0 degree to 90 degree from 0 degree to 90 degree.On the transverse axis from 0 to the d molecule position of having drawn the liquid crystal fluid 206 between the substrate 202 and 204.Curve 402 has been described when it is in " pass " state, the inclination angle [theta] of the molecule of liquid crystal fluid 206.Curve 404 has been described when it is in " pass " state, the position angle φ of the molecule of liquid crystal fluid 206.Curve 410 has been described when it is in " opening " state, the inclination angle [theta] of the molecule of liquid crystal fluid 206.Curve 412 has been described when it is in " opening " state, the position angle φ of the molecule of liquid crystal fluid 206.Corresponding tilt curves for intermediate gray shade will drop between curve 402 and the curve 410, and the position angle curve will drop between curve 404 and 412.
Therefore, the present invention is very suitable for realizing described target, and reach described purpose and advantage and wherein intrinsic other advantage.Although by describing, describe and defined the present invention with reference to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, these references also do not mean that limitation of the present invention, and can not know such restriction by inference.The present invention can revise significantly, replace on form and function and equivalence, and this is that those of ordinary skills can expect and has benefit of the present disclosure.The embodiments of the invention of describing and describing only are exemplary, do not have complete limit scope of the present invention.Therefore, only be intended to limit the present invention by the spirit and scope that provided the claim of the abundant cognition of all aspect equivalents.
The application requires in the right of priority of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/450370 that is entitled as " Method to Eliminate theDisclination Defects Due to Fringe Fields in Vertically Aligned NematicReflective LC Displays Without Hurting the Display Contrast " of submission on February 26th, 2003, and its full content is hereby incorporated by.
Claims (30)
1. reflection LCD comprises:
First substrate of substantially transparent;
Substantially be reflexive and be basically parallel to second substrate of described first substrate; And,
Do not have chiral dopant, the liquid crystal fluid of have birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic, wherein said liquid crystal fluid is between described first and second substrates;
Described first substrate has first liquid crystal alignment layer near described liquid crystal fluid, wherein the molecule near the described liquid crystal fluid of described first liquid crystal alignment layer has first tilt angle and the first orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree, and the first orientation angular direction is approximate to be parallel to or approximately perpendicular to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized photon that incides described first substrate;
Described second substrate has second liquid crystal alignment layer near described liquid crystal fluid, wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described second liquid crystal alignment layer has second tilt angle and the second orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree, and described second orientation angular direction is basically perpendicular to described first orientation angular direction.
2. reflection LCD according to claim 1 is wherein by producing shade of gray with the electric field between described first and second substrates from the electric field that does not have electric field to change into to have optimum value substantially.
3. reflection LCD according to claim 1, the distance between the inner face of wherein said first and second substrates (d) are about 3.5 microns.
4. reflection LCD according to claim 1, the distance between the inner face of wherein said first and second substrates (d) are from about 3.3 microns to about 3.7 microns.
5. reflection LCD according to claim 1, wherein said birefraction (Δ n) is about 0.0830 in the time of about 45 degrees centigrade.
6. reflection LCD according to claim 1, wherein said birefraction (Δ n) is from about 0.0777 to about 0.0996.
7. reflection LCD according to claim 1, when wherein between described first and second substrates, applying electric field with optimum value, described birefraction (Δ n) multiply by d greater than λ/4, and wherein d is the distance between the inner face of described first and second substrates, and λ is a light wavelength.
8. reflection LCD according to claim 1, wherein when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the molecule of described liquid crystal fluid has the inclination angle (θ) of about 5 degree to about 15 degree.
9. reflection LCD according to claim 1, wherein when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the molecule of described liquid crystal fluid has the inclination angle (θ) of about 2 degree to about 15 degree.
10. reflection LCD according to claim 1, wherein when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the position angle of described liquid crystal fluid molecule (φ) changes to about 90 degree at the described second substrate place from about 0 degree of described first substrate.
11. reflection LCD according to claim 1, wherein when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the position angle of described liquid crystal fluid molecule (φ) changes to about 90 degree at the described first substrate place from about 0 degree of described second substrate.
12. a reflection LCD comprises:
First substrate of substantially transparent;
Substantially be reflexive and be basically parallel to second substrate of described first substrate; And,
Do not have chiral dopant, the liquid crystal fluid of have birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic, wherein said liquid crystal fluid is between described first and second substrates;
Described first substrate has first liquid crystal alignment layer near described liquid crystal fluid, and wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described first liquid crystal alignment layer has first tilt angle and the first orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree;
Described second substrate has second liquid crystal alignment layer near described liquid crystal fluid, wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described second liquid crystal alignment layer has second tilt angle and the second orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree, and described second orientation angular direction is basically perpendicular to described first orientation angular direction;
Wherein:
When applying electric field between described first and second substrates, the molecule of a great deal of of described liquid crystal fluid has increased its inclination angle, and
When not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the molecule of a great deal of of described liquid crystal fluid makes its azimuth direction be basically perpendicular to described first and second substrates;
Thus, when between described first and second substrates, applying electric field, described liquid crystal fluid changes over the linear polarization feeding sputtering light at the described first substrate place incident light of the sub-circular polarization when described second substrate, wherein said second substrate reflects the incident light of described sub-circular polarization and makes it become the light of the sub-circular polarization of opposite chirality, wherein said liquid crystal fluid becomes the reflected light of this sub-circular polarization the reflected light of the approximately linear polarization when described first substrate, make and state linear polarization feeding sputtering light and described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction near normal in the described first substrate place, and
Thus, when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, described liquid crystal fluid does not change the polarisation of light that passes this liquid crystal fluid substantially, and states linear polarization feeding sputtering light in the described first substrate place and described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction is substantially parallel.
13. reflection LCD according to claim 12 wherein applies electric field with a plurality of first sequential between described first and second substrates, do not apply electric field substantially with a plurality of second sequential between described first and second substrates.
14. reflection LCD according to claim 13 wherein changes described first and second sequential to produce shade of gray.
15. reflection LCD according to claim 13 wherein changes described first and second sequential to produce field sequential color.
16. a method that is used for reflection LCD said method comprising the steps of:
First substrate of substantially transparent is set;
Be provided with and be reflexive substantially and be basically parallel to second substrate of described first substrate; And,
Between described first and second substrates, be provided with do not have chiral dopant, the liquid crystal fluid of have birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic;
On described first substrate, first liquid crystal alignment layer is set, described first liquid crystal alignment layer is near described liquid crystal fluid, and wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described first liquid crystal alignment layer has first tilt angle and the first orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree;
On described second substrate, second liquid crystal alignment layer is set, described second liquid crystal alignment layer is near described liquid crystal fluid, wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described second liquid crystal alignment layer has second tilt angle and the second orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree, and described second orientation angular direction is basically perpendicular to described first orientation angular direction; Make
When not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, described liquid crystal fluid does not change the polarized state of light that therefrom passes, and substantially parallel at described first substrate place linear polarization feeding sputtering light and linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction,
When between described first and second substrates, applying the value of optimum bright state voltage, described liquid crystal fluid changes over the linear polarization feeding sputtering light at the described first substrate place incident light of the sub-circular polarization when described second substrate, wherein said second substrate reflects the incident light of described sub-circular polarization and makes it become the light of the sub-circular polarization of opposite chirality, wherein said liquid crystal fluid becomes the reflected light of this sub-circular polarization the reflected light of the approximately linear polarization when described first substrate, make the described first substrate place state linear polarization feeding sputtering light and described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction near normal, and
When the value that applies between described first and second substrates less than described optimum bright state voltage, described liquid crystal fluid is passed described liquid crystal fluid and its polarization state is become elliptically polarized light when described second substrate is reflected at described incident linearly polarized photon.
17. method according to claim 16, the wherein approximate described first orientation angular direction that is parallel to, the polarization direction of linear polarization feeding sputtering light.
18. method according to claim 16, wherein the polarization direction of linear polarization feeding sputtering light is approximately perpendicular to described first orientation angular direction.
19. method according to claim 16, further comprising the steps of: as the polarization of incident light state to be become elliptic polarization from the approximately linear polarization by making at the described second substrate place, thereby change electric field between described first and second substrates to produce shade of gray, and when not having electric field substantially, the polarization of incident light at the described second substrate place is an approximately linear.
20. method according to claim 16, the distance between the inner face of wherein said first and second substrates (d) is about 3.5 microns.
21. method according to claim 16, the distance between the inner face of wherein said first and second substrates (d) are about 3.3 microns to about 3.7 microns.
22. having, method according to claim 16, wherein said liquid crystal fluid in the time of about 45 degrees centigrade, be about 0.0830 birefraction (Δ n).
23. method according to claim 16, wherein said liquid crystal fluid have about 0.0777 to about 0.0996 birefraction (Δ n).
24. method according to claim 16, when wherein between described first and second substrates, applying value with optimum bright state voltage, described birefraction Δ n multiply by d greater than λ/4, and wherein d is the distance between the inner face of described first and second substrates, and λ is a light wavelength.
25. method according to claim 16, wherein when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the molecule of described liquid crystal fluid has the inclination angle (θ) of about 5 degree to about 15 degree.
26. method according to claim 16, wherein when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the molecule of described liquid crystal fluid has the inclination angle (θ) of about 2 degree to about 15 degree.
27. method according to claim 16, wherein when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the position angle of described liquid crystal fluid molecule (φ) changes to about 90 degree at the described second substrate place from about 0 degree of described first substrate.
28. method according to claim 16, wherein when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the position angle of described liquid crystal fluid molecule (φ) changes to about 90 degree at the described first substrate place from about 0 degree of described second substrate.
29. a method that is used for reflection LCD said method comprising the steps of:
First substrate of substantially transparent is set;
Be provided with and be reflexive substantially and be basically parallel to second substrate of described first substrate; And,
Setting do not have chiral dopant, the liquid crystal fluid of have birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic, and described liquid crystal fluid is between described first and second substrates;
On described first substrate, first liquid crystal alignment layer is set, described first liquid crystal alignment layer is near described liquid crystal fluid, and wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described first liquid crystal alignment layer has first tilt angle and the first orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree;
On described second substrate, second liquid crystal alignment layer is set, described second liquid crystal alignment layer is near described liquid crystal fluid, wherein the molecule of the described liquid crystal fluid of close described second liquid crystal alignment layer has second tilt angle and the second orientation angular direction of about 2 degree to about 15 degree, and described second orientation angular direction is basically perpendicular to described first orientation angular direction;
Wherein:
When not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, the molecule of a great deal of of described liquid crystal fluid makes its azimuth direction be basically perpendicular to described first and second substrates; And
When applying electric field between described first and second substrates, the molecule of a great deal of of described liquid crystal fluid has increased its inclination angle;
Thus, when between described first and second substrates, applying electric field, described liquid crystal fluid changes over the linear polarization feeding sputtering light at the described first substrate place incident light of the sub-circular polarization when described second substrate, wherein said second substrate reflects the incident light of described sub-circular polarization and makes it become the light of the sub-circular polarization of opposite chirality, wherein said liquid crystal fluid becomes the reflected light of this sub-circular polarization the reflected light of the approximately linear polarization when described first substrate, make the described first substrate place state linear polarization feeding sputtering light and described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction near normal, and
Thus, when not having electric field to be applied between described first and second substrates substantially, described liquid crystal fluid does not change the polarized state of light that passes this liquid crystal fluid substantially, makes that stating linear polarization feeding sputtering light in the described first substrate place is similar to parallel with described linear reflecting polarizer polarisation of light direction.
30. a reflection LCD assembly comprises:
First substrate of substantially transparent;
Be basically parallel to described first substrate, be reflexive second substrate substantially; And,
Do not have chiral dopant, the liquid crystal fluid of have birefraction (Δ n) and negative dielectric anisotropic, wherein said liquid crystal fluid is between described first and second substrates;
First and second liquid crystal alignment layers on described first and second substrates respectively wherein have limited tilt angle near the molecule of the described fluid of described first and second liquid crystal alignment layers and are oriented in respectively on first and second azimuth directions;
Wherein be to make (i) when not having electric field to be applied between the described substrate substantially with described arrangement of components, the fluid molecule of a great deal of is orientated and is basically perpendicular to described substrate; (ii) when applying the value of optimum bright state voltage between described substrate, the inclination angle of the fluid molecule of a great deal of increases; And (iii) when the value that between described substrate, applies less than optimum bright state voltage, inclination angle in the middle of the fluid molecule of a great deal of is oriented.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US45037003P | 2003-02-26 | 2003-02-26 | |
| US60/450,370 | 2003-02-26 | ||
| US10/438,511 | 2003-05-15 |
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| US20080266469A1 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-30 | Himax Technologies Limited | Liquiid crystal on silicon (lcos) display and package thereof |
| CN103235449A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-07 | 深圳市长江力伟股份有限公司 | Reflective liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display device and method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH661361A5 (en) * | 1983-12-16 | 1987-07-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Multiplexable liquid-crystal display |
| JPH10123576A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1998-05-15 | Fujitsu Ltd | Liquid crystal display |
| US6141074A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 2000-10-31 | Kent State University | Four domain pixel for liquid crystalline light modulating device |
| US20010030723A1 (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 2001-10-18 | Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd. | Liquid crystal display and projector using the same |
| US6426786B1 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2002-07-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method of homeotropic alignment or tilted homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals by single oblique evaporation of oxides and liquid crystal display device formed thereby |
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2004
- 2004-02-26 CN CNB2004800098061A patent/CN100451799C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH661361A5 (en) * | 1983-12-16 | 1987-07-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Multiplexable liquid-crystal display |
| US6141074A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 2000-10-31 | Kent State University | Four domain pixel for liquid crystalline light modulating device |
| JPH10123576A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1998-05-15 | Fujitsu Ltd | Liquid crystal display |
| US20010030723A1 (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 2001-10-18 | Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd. | Liquid crystal display and projector using the same |
| US6426786B1 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2002-07-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method of homeotropic alignment or tilted homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals by single oblique evaporation of oxides and liquid crystal display device formed thereby |
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