CN100397069C - Monitoring method and device for ecological environment and environmental pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for monitoring the ecological environment and environmental pollution, in particular to a method for monitoring the ecological environment and environmental pollution by detecting the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate of plant leaves. The invention also discloses a device for realizing the method, which is composed of a chloroplast light-induced delayed luminescence attenuation rate detection device, which uses plant chloroplast light-induced delayed luminescence as a monitoring means, can overcome the shortcomings of physical and chemical monitoring methods, and can improve the ecological environment. And a variety of environmental pollution monitoring.

Description

Monitoring method and device for ecological environment and environmental pollution

technical field

The invention relates to a method for monitoring the ecological environment and environmental pollution, in particular to a method for monitoring the ecological environment and environmental pollution by detecting the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate of plant leaves. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.

Background technique

As environmental protection laws and regulations around the world monitor air quality and various pollution sources more and more strictly, in order to meet this requirement, various environmental detection methods have been rapidly promoted, especially optical detection technology. Remote monitoring instruments using optical technology are rapidly gaining popularity compared with the currently commonly used point monitors. At present, remote sensing instruments are mainly used in environmental monitoring technology, which detects in the infrared, visible and near-ultraviolet spectral ranges based on the principle of spectral absorption. The infrared instrument that is widely used now is mainly non-diffusion infrared instrument (NDIR). NDIR instruments use optical filters to select the spectral range over which molecules absorb radiation to monitor. But it can only measure one kind of pollution gas at any time, because the spectral resolution is not very high, therefore, it is easy to be interfered by other gases. Also, in some assays, the sensitivity is not very high.

Contents of the invention

The inventor found through research that: for the same plant leaves (the first leaf before the flag leaf) with the same health status, the decay rate of the light-induced delayed luminescence intensity over time is consistent (the decay rate is measured at the same temperature); The decay rate of the delayed luminous intensity of the same plant leaves over time is almost the same within the allowable range of error; the photosynthetic rate of the plant has a very direct relationship with the environment in which it grows. In general: when a plant grows in a heavily polluted environment, the photosynthetic rate of the leaves is lower than that in a good environment, and the corresponding light-induced delayed luminescence of the leaves decays slowly over time; on the contrary, the leaves The light-induced delayed luminescence decays faster with time.

The attenuation equation is I=I ₀ e ^-(t+t0)/τ , where I ₀ is the initial light intensity value of plant leaf light-induced delayed luminescence attenuation, which depends on the health status of the plant leaf itself and the measurement of delayed luminescence conditions: leaves Dark adaptation time, wavelength of excitation light, intensity of excitation light, excitation time, delay time, temperature of sample measurement and other factors. Although it can reflect the health status of the plant itself when the measurement conditions are fixed, it is almost impossible to accurately determine it due to many factors affecting the measurement results; _{t0 is} the delay time before the measurement after excitation, and t is the decay time; τ is the decay time constant, which reflects the speed of the decay of the delayed luminescence, that is, the decay rate. Under the conditions of normal leaf development and fixed measurement conditions (dark adaptation 10min, excitation time 4s, delay 10s, 25°C), the range of τ value of the first leaf before the flag leaf is 3-4.74, and the environment in which the plant grows when the value is greater than 4.8 stress on plants. Its value can reflect the pollution degree of the environment.

After research, it is found that measuring the intensity change curve within 60s after stimulating the plant leaves to produce light-induced delayed luminescence delays for 10s, the decay rate is specific. Based on this, measuring the decay rate of plant leaves in the first 60s can measure the environment more accurately. degree of pollution.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring the ecological environment and environmental pollution by detecting the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate of plant leaves in view of the shortcomings of the prior art.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for carrying out the method.

To achieve the above object, the present invention has taken the following technical solutions:

A method for monitoring ecological environment and environmental pollution, comprising the steps of:

(1) Place the first leaf of the flag leaf of the plant growing in the environment to be tested in a dark room, and adapt to the dark for 5-10 minutes;

(2) Uniformly irradiate the leaves with a visible light excitation light source with a light intensity of 2750-5500 lux and a wavelength range of 400-760 nm for 0.2-20 s to induce delayed luminescence of the chloroplasts of the leaves for a longer period of time;

(3) Delay t ₀ after turning off the excitation light source, use the light receiving component to receive the delayed luminous signal from the blade, and convert it into an electrical signal;

(4) Convert the electrical signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter and input it into the computer;

(5) Utilize data processing software to carry out data processing to digital signal, obtain the attenuation of the delayed luminous intensity of blade with time;

(6) Use exponential decay to fit the decay curve in the data processing software to obtain the blade delayed luminescence decay rate constant τ;

(7) Comparing the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate constant τ with the known rate constant to obtain the pollution degree of the environment.

The device for implementing the above detection method mainly includes a visible light excitation component, a light receiving component, an analog-to-digital converter, a computer, a sample chamber, and a darkroom; the electrical connection between the light excitation component and the computer, and the electrical connection between the light receiving component and the analog-to-digital converter , the signal connection between the analog-to-digital converter and the computer; the light-receiving assembly is composed of a photo lens for collecting light, a filter wheel, and a detector; the blade to be measured is placed on the sample stage of the sample room and placed in the dark .

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

Since environmental pollutants enter the plant through the stomata on the leaves, the first damage to plants is the damage to plant cells, which is manifested as a decrease in the photosynthetic rate of plant leaves, which causes changes in the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate constant τ, even if Very slight pollution. The second is the various scars that people can feel or see with the eyes. Therefore, it is sensitive to monitor the pollution of the environment by measuring the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate of plants. Since the sensitivity of the same plant to different pollutants is different, a variety of pollution can be monitored by measuring the decay rate of light-induced delayed luminescence of sensitive plant leaves.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a kind of device structural representation in embodiment 1;

Fig. 3 is the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate curve of peanut leaves under the effect of acid rain at different pH values in Example 1;

Fig. 4 is the change curve of the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate time of soybean leaves in Example 2 under the action of SO ₂ gas at different concentrations.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1

Fig. 1 has provided the structural principle diagram of the ecological environment and environmental pollution monitoring device of the present invention. As can be seen from Figure 1, the device of the present invention specifically includes an excitation assembly 1, a sample chamber 2, a light receiving assembly 3, an analog-to-digital converter 4, a computer 5, and a darkroom 6; It is connected with the analog-to-digital converter through electricity 7, and the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the computer through signal 8.

Fig. 2 has provided the structural representation in the concrete example, and wherein light-receiving assembly is connected with detector (ICCD3-3) to form by the photographic lens 3-1 filter wheel 3-2 of collecting light; Light excitation assembly, receiving group and The computer is electrically connected, and the analog-to-digital converter is sequentially connected to the computer for signals; the three-dimensionally adjustable sample stage 2-1 is placed on the blade 2-3 to be tested, and placed in the darkroom 6. The components are selected to be connected to form the device, wherein the excitation light source is an excitation light source with a visible wavelength range, and a 50W tungsten lamp 1 is selected in this example. The camera lens is selected from the large numerical aperture lens 3-1 (50mm, f/1.2 type) manufactured by Nikon Company suitable for low-light shooting; the detector is selected from the ICCD (576-S/1) 3-2 manufactured by Princeton Instruments Company of the United States; The analog-to-digital converter uses the ST-130 controller manufactured by Princeton Instruments Company of the United States; the computer uses the Pentium III microcomputer of Intel Company; the data processing software uses WinView and ORIGIN software here. When measuring, select peanut leaves sprayed with different concentrations to simulate acid rain and act for an appropriate time, dark-adapt in the dark box for 10 minutes, use a tungsten lamp (50W) to excite for 4 seconds, delay for 10 seconds (t ₀ =10 seconds), ICCD records a picture every 5 seconds, A total of 8 pictures were recorded. Use the WinView software to count the data, and use the exponential fitting data in the ORIGIN software to obtain the decay rate constant τ, and compare the τ value with the known value. When τ=4.52, the corresponding pH value of the simulated acid rain is 6.7; τ=5.21 When τ=5.64, the corresponding pH value of simulated acid rain is 5.7; when τ=5.64, the corresponding pH value of simulated acid rain is 4.7 (accompanying drawing 3).

Example 2

The above device was applied to the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate curves of soybean leaves under the action of _SO2 gas at different concentrations. When measuring τ=4.98, the _SO concentration was 0.5 ppm; when τ=5.2, the _SO concentration was 1 ppm, (accompanying drawing 4).

Claims (2)

1. A monitoring method for ecological environment and environmental pollution, characterized in that it may further comprise the steps: ——Place the first leaf of the flag leaf of the plant grown in the environment to be tested in a dark room, and adapt to the dark for 5-10 minutes; —Using a visible light excitation light source with a light intensity of 2750-5500lux and a wavelength range of 400-760nm to uniformly irradiate the leaves for 0.2-20s to induce delayed luminescence of the chloroplasts of the leaves for a longer period of time; ——Delay t ₀ after turning off the excitation light source, use the light-receiving component to receive the delayed luminous signal from the blade, and convert it into an electrical signal; t ₀ refers to the delay time before starting the measurement after excitation; ——Convert the electrical signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter and input it into the computer; ——Using data processing software to process the digital signal to obtain the decay of the delayed luminous intensity of the blade with time; ——In the data processing software, exponential decay is used to fit the decay curve to obtain the leaf delayed luminescence decay rate constant τ; —Comparing the light-induced delayed luminescence decay rate constant τ with the known rate constant to obtain the pollution degree of the environment. 2. realize the device of the monitoring method of ecological environment and environmental pollution described in claim 1, it is characterized in that device mainly comprises visible light excitation assembly, light receiving assembly, analog-to-digital converter, computer, sample chamber, darkroom; Light excitation assembly and computer The electrical connection between the light-receiving component and the analog-to-digital converter, the signal connection between the analog-to-digital converter and the computer; the light-receiving component is connected by a photo lens collecting light, a filter wheel, and a detector Composition; the blade to be tested is placed on the sample stage of the sample room and placed in a dark room.

Images