CN100374443C - 亲水性聚合物-雷公藤提取物的结合物及其药物组合物 - Google Patents
亲水性聚合物-雷公藤提取物的结合物及其药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100374443C CN100374443C CNB2004100296153A CN200410029615A CN100374443C CN 100374443 C CN100374443 C CN 100374443C CN B2004100296153 A CNB2004100296153 A CN B2004100296153A CN 200410029615 A CN200410029615 A CN 200410029615A CN 100374443 C CN100374443 C CN 100374443C
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- triptolide
- polyoxyethylene glycol
- ester
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Abstract
亲水性聚合物-雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物(I)和(II),其中,P为亲水性聚合物,优选为聚乙二醇;L、X和Z为连接基团,D为雷公藤提取物或其衍生物。该结合物提高了雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的水溶性,降低其毒性并延长了其在生物体中的循环半衰期。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及亲水性聚合物与雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物以及包含该结合物的药物组合物。
背景技术
雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii)又称黄藤,属卫矛科雷公藤属植物。60年代福建首先将雷公藤用于治疗麻风反应及类风湿性关节炎,获得满意的疗效。近年来发现雷公藤对癌症及器官移植所引发的感染也有一定的疗效。雷公藤所含成分复杂,其有效成分为:雷公藤甲素(triptolide)、雷公藤乙素(tripdiolide)、雷公藤酮(triptonide)、山海棠素甲醚(hypolide methyl ether)、雷公藤酮内酯(triptonolide)、雷公藤氯内酯醇(tripcheorolide)、雷藤内酯三醇(triptriolide)、雷公藤素(wilforonide)、雷公藤碱(tripterygine)、雷公藤定碱(wilfordine)、雷公藤精碱(wilforgine)、雷公藤灵碱(wilforine)、雷公藤春碱(wilfortrine)、雷公藤辛碱(wilforzine)、雷公藤酸(wilfordic acid)、羟基雷公藤酸(hydroxy wilfordic acid)、雷公藤红(tripterin或celustrol)、雷公藤多甙等。
雷公藤甲素、乙素均有明显的抗肿瘤活性。对白血病患者离体白细胞有明显的抑制或杀灭作用。0.1和0.25mg/kg对小鼠L1210、P388具有明显活性,生命延长率在159%以上,并使部分动物长期存活。雷公藤甲素对检测的三个国内胃癌细胞系均显示较明显的生长抑制作用。但是雷公藤甲素的溶解性较差。为了提高水溶性,US6569893披露了雷公藤甲素的氨基酸衍生物。US 6,620,843报道了雷公藤甲素的琥珀酸盐衍生物(PG490-88)。
雷公藤毒性较大,俗称断肠草。雷公藤有一定的毒副作用,动物实验显示雷公藤毒性最敏感的靶器官是胃肠系、造血系及生殖系,以消化道反应最常见。大鼠睾丸生殖上皮退行性变,精原细胞分裂受抑制、各级生精细胞减少和消失。大量研究表明,雷公藤甲素是其主要活性成分,也是主要毒性成分,且有效剂量与毒性剂量几乎相当,这大大妨碍中药雷公藤在临床应用方面的进一步推广。
在提高雷公藤提取物水溶性的同时,降低其毒性,提高药物的药理学半衰期,增强其稳定性及到达靶部位的几率,改变给药途径和改善生物利用度,和水溶性高分子聚合物键合成为本发明的目的。
目前,聚乙二醇衍生物广泛地用在与蛋白质、肽以及其他治疗药物的结合以延长药物的生理半衰期,降低其免疫原性和毒性。在临床使用中,PEG及其衍生物作为制作药物制剂的载体已经在很多商业药品中得到了广泛的应用,而将PEG键合到药物分子的尝试在最近十年里也得到了长足的发展,在许多批准药品中被广泛使用,如PEG-intron和PEGasys,α-干扰素与聚乙二醇的键合物就表现出了更长的循环半衰期和更好的治疗效果。紫杉醇与聚乙二醇的键合物也相应的降低了毒性和延长了生物活性。聚乙二醇在人体内的代谢过程已相当清楚,是一种安全的、无副作用的药物改性剂。
在与药物结合时,常用到一种被称为聚乙二醇化(PEGylation)的工艺,即聚乙二醇的端基被化学活化后具有一适当的官能团,此官能团对要结合的药物中的至少一个官能团具有活性,能与之形成稳定的键。
因此,本发明的目的是通过类似的方法用亲水性聚合物与雷公藤提取物结合,由此提高雷公藤提取物的溶解性,降低其毒性,延长雷公藤提取物在生物体中的循环半衰期,以保证适当的药物浓度和提供缓释功能。
发明概述
按照本发明的一个方面,提供了通式(I)的亲水性聚合物-雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物:
PL-D)n
(I)
其中:
P为水溶性聚合物,选自由聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚氨基酸、聚丙烯吗啉以及它们的共聚物所组成的组;
n是-整数,最大不超过P上的端基活性官能团数;
L为连接基团,选自由酯基、碳酸酯基、酰胺基、酰胺酯基、醚基、胺基、氨基酸酯基组成的组;以及
D为雷公藤提取物或其衍生物。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述雷公藤提取物包含但不限于:雷公藤甲素(triptolide)、雷公藤乙素(tripdiolide)、雷公藤酮(triptonide)、山海棠素甲醚(hypolidemethyl ether)、雷公藤酮内酯(triptonolide)、雷公藤氯内酯醇(tripcheorolide)、雷藤内酯三醇(triptriolide)、雷公藤素(wilforonide)、雷公藤碱(tripterygine)、雷公藤定碱(wilfordine)、雷公藤精碱(wilforgine)、雷公藤灵碱(wilforine)、雷公藤春碱(wiIfortrine)、雷公藤辛碱(wilforzine)、雷公藤酸(wilfordic acid)、羟基雷公藤酸(hydroxy wilfordicacid)、雷公藤红(tripterin或celustrol)、雷公藤多甙等。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,水溶性聚合物优选聚乙二醇或其共聚物。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述的结合物为以下通式表示的亲水性聚合物-雷公藤甲素结合物:
其中:
P代表水溶性聚合物,优选聚乙二醇或其共聚物;
n是一整数,最大不超过P上的端基活性官能团数;
L为连接基团,连接雷公藤提取物与水溶性聚合物的端基活性官能团,优选但不限于:酯基、碳酸酯基、酰胺基、酰胺酯基、醚基、胺基、氨基酸酯基。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了通式(II)表示的亲水性聚合物-多羧基寡肽-雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物:
其中:
P是亲水性聚合物,选自由聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚氨基酸、聚丙烯吗啉以及它们的共聚物所组成的组;
m是2-12的整数;
j为1-6的整数;
Ri为选自由H、C1-12烷基、取代芳基、芳烷基、杂烷基、和取代烷基组成的组的基团;
X是连接基团,选自由O(CH2)kCO、O(CH2)kOCO、O(CH2)kNHCO、NR(CH2)kOCO、NR(CH2)kNHCO、NR(CH2)kCO组成的组,其中k为1-6的整数;
Z是连接基团,选自由酯基、碳酸酯基、酰胺基、酰胺酯基、醚基、胺基、氨基酸酯基、氨基酸酰胺基组成的组;
D为雷公藤提取物或其衍生物,优选雷公藤甲素。
根据本发明的另一个方面,其提供包含上述结合物的药物组合物。
本发明的一个优点是通过亲水性聚合物的改性可对雷公藤提取物的结合药物提供保护,提高了其稳定性和水溶性,降低了毒性,并延长了雷公藤活性提取物在生物体中的循环半衰期,保证了适当的药物浓度和提供缓释功能。
具体实施方式
本发明的结合物可如下制备:对亲水性聚合物进行改性,引入活性官能团,然后再与雷公藤提取物上的活性基团(如雷公藤甲素上的羟基)结合。
现在以聚乙二醇作为亲水性聚合物的例子进行说明。但应理解的是,本发明的水溶性聚合物并不仅限于聚乙二醇或其共聚物,还可使用例如聚丙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚氨基酸、聚丙烯吗啉以及它们的共聚物。
聚乙二醇(PEG)的结构式可如(III)所示:
其中:
R为H或C1-12烷基,
l为任何整数,表征其聚合度。
当R为低级烷基时,R可以是含有1-6个碳原子的任何低级烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、正戊基或正己基。当R为环烷基时,R优选为含3-7个碳原子的环烷基,如环丙基、环丁基和环己基。优选的环烷基为环己基。R最优选为甲基,即所形成的化合物是甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)。
当然,除了直链聚乙二醇,支链或其他结构的聚乙二醇也可用于此发明应用。比如Y形分支、U形分支,星形和多叉分支的聚乙二醇等等,也可用于对雷公藤提取物的分子结构改造。
对聚乙二醇而言,一般采用分子量予以表示,只要使形成结合物的聚乙二醇的分子量为150~60,000道尔顿,这相当于l为大约3~1300。更优选为,l为28、112、225和450,这分别相应于分子量为1325、5000、10,000和20,000。由于通常由其平均分子量而非自重复单元限定的起始PEG化合物的潜在不均一性,优选用分子量表征聚乙二醇聚合物,而不是用整数l表示PEG聚合物中的自重复单元。各种分子量的起始PEG化合物可以通过本领域中的已知方法制备或者可以从商业来源得到。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述雷公藤提取物包含但不限于:雷公藤甲素(triptolide)、雷公藤乙素(tripdiolide)、雷公藤酮(triptonide)、山海棠素甲醚(hypolidemethyl ether)、雷公藤酮内酯(triptonolide)、雷公藤氯内酯醇(tripcheorolide)、雷藤内酯三醇(triptriolide)、雷公藤素(wilforonide)、雷公藤碱(tripterygine)、雷公藤定碱(wilfordine)、雷公藤精碱(wilforgine)、雷公藤灵碱(wilforine)、雷公藤春碱(wilfortrine)、雷公藤辛碱(wilforzine)、雷公藤酸(wilfordic acid)、羟基雷公藤酸(hydroxy wilfordicacid)、雷公藤红(tripterin或celustrol)、雷公藤多甙等。它们的化学结构如下所示:
雷公藤甲素(triptolide)
雷公藤乙素(tripdiolide)
这些结构中都包含有羟基,可以通过酯基、碳酸酯基、酰胺酯基等方式与已经过端基改性的聚合物结合,以达到对药物分子的有效保护和合理利用。特别的,酯基在生物体中可以通过生物降解的方式释放出药物活性成分。
本发明的亲水性聚合物-雷公藤提取物结合物可以以纯化合物形式或适宜的药物组合物进行给药,还可采用任何可接受的给药方式或用于类似用途的试剂进行。因此,本发明的另一个方面是提供包含所述结合物的药物组合物。
采用的给药方式可选择通过口、鼻内、直肠、透皮或注射给药方式,其形式为固体、半固体、冻干粉或液体药剂形式给药,例如,片剂、栓剂、丸剂、软和硬明胶胶囊剂、散剂、溶液剂、混悬剂或气雾剂等,优选采用适用于精确剂量的简单给药的单元剂量形式。组合物可包含常规药用载体或赋形剂和作为活性成分(一种或多种)的本发明的结合物,此外,还可包含其它药剂、载体、辅剂等。
通常,根据所需给药方式,药学上可接受的组合物将包含约1至约99重量%的本发明结合物、以及99至1重量%的适宜的药用赋形剂。优选组合物包含约5至75重量%的本发明结合物,其余为适宜的药用赋形剂。
优选的给药途径是注射给药,采用常规日剂量方案,该方案可根据疾病的严重程度进行调整。本发明的结合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可配制成注射用剂,例如使用约0.5至约50%的活性成分分散于可采用液体形式给药的药用辅剂中,实例为水、盐水、含水葡萄糖、甘油、乙醇等,从而形成溶液剂或混悬剂。
可采用液体形式给药的药物组合物例如可通过溶解、分散等手段将本发明的结合物(约0.5至约20%)和选择性存在的药用辅剂溶解、分散于载体中,载体的实例为水、盐水、含水葡萄糖、甘油、乙醇等,从而形成溶液剂或混悬剂。
如果需要的话,本发明的药物组合物还可包含少量的辅助物质,如润湿剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲剂、抗氧化剂等,例如:柠檬酸、脱水山梨醇单月桂酸酯、三乙醇胺油酸酯、丁基化羟基甲苯等。
该类剂型的实际制备方法是本领域的技术人员公知的或者显而易见的,例如可参见Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,(Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pennsylvania,1990)。无论如何,按照本发明的技术,所使用的组合物将含有治疗有效量的本发明结合物,以用于治疗相应的疾病。
实施例
下面结合实例描述本发明的结合物及其制备方法,它不限制本发明,本发明的范围由权利要求限定。
实施例1:酯基键合的甲氧基聚乙二醇-雷公藤甲素(1)的合成
100毫克雷公藤甲素,1.0克甲氧基聚乙二醇乙酸(Mw5000),36毫克4-二甲基氨基吡啶溶于15毫升无水二氯甲烷中,再添加80毫克二环己基碳二亚胺。溶液室温过夜搅拌反应。过滤除去沉淀,溶液浓缩,残余物添加15毫升异丙醇和30毫升乙醚,过滤洗涤,产物真空干燥。得雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇乙酸酯(1)。产率:0.9克。熔点:55-57℃。
实施例2:酯基键合的聚乙二醇-雷公藤甲素(2)的合成
100毫克雷公藤甲素,1.0克聚乙二醇二乙酸(Mw10000),36毫克4-二甲基氨基吡啶溶于15毫升无水二氯甲烷中,再添加80毫克二环己基碳二亚胺。溶液室温过夜搅拌反应。过滤除去沉淀,溶液浓缩,残余物添加15毫升异丙醇和30毫升乙醚,过滤洗涤,产物真空干燥。得雷公藤甲素-14-聚乙二醇乙酸二酯(2)。产率:0.9克。熔点:57-59℃。
实施例3:酯基键合的聚乙二醇多羧基寡肽-雷公藤甲素(3)的合成
1.0克甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽(Mw10500)(其中,m是3,Ri是H,j等于2),150毫克雷公藤甲素,60毫克4-二甲基氨基吡啶溶于15毫升无水二氯甲烷中,再添加120毫克二环己基碳二亚胺。
溶液室温过夜搅拌反应。过滤除去沉淀,溶液浓缩,残余物添加15毫升异丙醇和30毫升乙醚,过滤洗涤,产物真空干燥。得雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽酯(3)。产率:0.85克。熔点:58-60℃。
实施例4:酯基键合的甘氨酸-雷公藤甲素结合物(4)的合成
200毫克t-boc-甘氨酸(t-Boc-Gly-OH),300毫克雷公藤甲素,120毫克4-二甲基氨基吡啶溶于30毫升无水二氯甲烷中,再添加250毫克二环己基碳二亚胺。溶液室温过夜搅拌反应。过滤除去沉淀,有机相用0.5M的pH5.7的醋酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤2次,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得白色片状固体。再加入8毫升二氯甲烷溶解,加入6毫升三氟乙酸水解30分钟。减压浓缩,加20毫升二氯甲烷,0.5M的pH5.7的醋酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤2次,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得白色片状固体,真空干燥。得雷公藤甲素-14-甘氨酸酯(4)。产率:280毫克。H NMR(CDCl3):5.08(d,14-CH),3.54(d,12-CH),0.96(d,17-CH3),0.85(d,16-CH3)。
实施例5:酯基键合的甘氨酸连接基团的聚乙二醇多羧基寡肽和雷公藤甲素结合物(5)的合成
1.0克甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽(Mw10500)(其中,m是3,Ri是H,j等于2),170毫克雷公藤甲素甘氨酸酯(4)(实施例4),10毫克4-二甲基氨基吡啶溶于20毫升无水二氯甲烷中,再添加120毫克二环己基碳二亚胺。溶液室温过夜搅拌反应。过滤除去沉淀,溶液浓缩,残余物添加15毫升异丙醇和30毫升乙醚,过滤洗涤,产物真空干燥。得雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽-甘氨酸酯(5)。产率:0.95克。熔点:60-62℃。
实施例6:碳酸酯基键合的甲氧基聚乙二醇-雷公藤甲素(6)的合成
1克甲氧基聚乙二醇(分子量5000)和200毫克固体光气溶于15毫升无水乙腈中,滴加0.5毫升无水吡啶。在氮气保护下搅拌2小时,旋转蒸发除去多余溶剂,残余固体添加40毫升乙醚,沉淀物过滤,真空干燥。再加入10毫升无水二氯甲烷溶解。加入100毫克雷公藤甲素,0.2克4-二甲基氨基吡啶。氮气保护下搅拌6小时,过滤,多余溶剂通过旋转蒸发除去,残余物添加15毫升异丙醇和30毫升乙醚。产物过滤收集,真空干燥。得雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇碳酸酯(6)。产率:0.85克(77%),熔点:57-59℃。
实施例7:酰胺酯基键合的甲氧基聚乙二醇-雷公藤甲素(7)的合成
2克甲氧基聚乙二醇乙氨(mPEG-NH2分子量5000)和400毫克固体光气溶于30毫升无水乙腈中,滴加1毫升无水吡啶。在氮气保护下搅拌2小时,旋转蒸发除去多余溶剂,残余固体添加40毫升乙醚,沉淀物过滤,真空干燥。产率:1.9克(95%)。NMR(DMSO):3.5(br m,PEG中的氢),3.24(s,3个氢),3.18(t,2个氢)。
1克由上一步合成的聚乙二醇衍生物(mPEG-N=C=O),100毫克雷公藤甲素,和0.2克4-二甲基氨基吡啶溶于40毫升无水乙腈中。添加0.5毫升新蒸三乙胺。在室温下氮气保护,过夜搅拌,多余溶剂通过旋转蒸发除去,残余物添加100毫升异丙醇。产物过滤收集,真空干燥。产率:0.95克(91%)。得雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇酰胺酯(7)。熔点:58-60℃。熔点:57-59℃。
实施例8:本发明的结合物的冻干粉针剂的制备
本实施例说明代表性非胃肠道给药的药物组合物的制备过程,所述组合物包含本发明的结合物。
成分
实施例5的结合物 2克
0.9%盐水溶液 至100毫升
将实施例5的结合物溶解于0.9%盐水溶液,得到100毫升的静脉注射用溶液,将其通过0.2μm的膜过滤材料过滤,在无菌条件下冷冻、干燥、包装,得到冻干粉针剂。
Claims (14)
1.通式(I)的亲水性聚合物-雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物:
PL-D)n
(I)
其中:
P为水溶性聚合物,选自由聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚氨基酸、聚丙烯吗啉以及它们的共聚物所组成的组;
n是一整数,最大不超过P上的端基活性官能团数;
L为连接基团,选自由酯基、碳酸酯基、酰胺基、酰胺酯基、醚基、胺基、氨基酸酯基、氨基酸酰胺酯组成的组;以及
D为雷公藤提取物或其衍生物,选自雷公藤甲素、雷公藤乙素和雷藤内酯三醇组成的组。
2.如权利要求1所述的结合物,其中,所述的亲水性聚合物为聚乙二醇,所述的聚乙二醇为直链聚乙二醇、支链聚乙二醇或者Y形分支、U形分支,星形或多叉分支的聚乙二醇。
3.如权利要求2所述的结合物,其中所述聚乙二醇的分子量在150-60,000之间。
5.如权利要求1所述的结合物,其中,所述的结合物选自由:
雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇乙酸酯(1);
雷公藤甲素-14-聚乙二醇乙酸二酯(2);
雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇碳酸酯(6);和
雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇酰胺酯(7)
组成的组。
6.通式(II)表示的亲水性聚合物-多羧基寡肽-雷公藤提取物或其衍生物的结合物:
其中:
P是亲水性聚合物,选自由聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚氨基酸、聚丙烯吗啉以及它们的共聚物所组成的组;
m是2-12的整数;
j为1-6的整数;
Ri为选自由H、C1-12烷基、取代芳基、芳烷基、杂烷基、和取代烷基组成的组的基团;
X是连接基团,选自由O(CH2)kCO、O(CH2)kOCO、O(CH2)kNHCO、NR(CH2)kOCO、NR(CH2)kNHCO、NR(CH2)kCO组成的组,其中k为1-6的整数;
Z是连接基团,选自由酯基、碳酸酯基、酰胺基、酰胺酯基、醚基、胺基、氨基酸酯基、氨基酸酰胺基组成的组;
D为雷公藤提取物或其衍生物,选自雷公藤甲素、雷公藤乙素和雷藤内酯三醇组成的组。
7.如权利要求6所述的结合物,其中,所述的亲水性聚合物为聚乙二醇,所述的聚乙二醇为直链聚乙二醇、支链聚乙二醇或者Y形分支、U形分支、星形或多叉分支的聚乙二醇。
8.如权利要求7所述的结合物,其中,所述的聚乙二醇的分子量在150-60,000之间。
9.如权利要求6所述的结合物,其中,所述的连接基团Z中的氨基酸为甘氨酸。
10.如权利要求6所述的结合物,其中,所述的雷公藤提取物是雷公藤甲素。
11.如权利要求6所述的结合物,其中,所述的结合物为
雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽酯(3);或者
雷公藤甲素-14-甲氧基聚乙二醇谷氨酸三肽-甘氨酸酯(5)。
12.含有如权利要求1-5或者6-11的结合物以及药物学可接受的载体或赋形剂药物组合物。
13.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中,所述的药物组合物为通过口、鼻内、直肠、透皮或注射方式进行给药的药物组合物。
14.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其中,所述的药物组合物为片剂、栓剂、丸剂、软或硬明胶胶囊剂、散剂、溶液剂、混悬剂或气雾剂。
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CN102432866B (zh) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-10-30 | 同济大学 | 一种雷公藤甲素前药的制备方法 |
CN103965458B (zh) * | 2013-01-28 | 2017-02-15 | 天津键凯科技有限公司 | 聚乙二醇‑氨基酸寡肽‑达沙替尼结合物及其药物组合物 |
US9700633B2 (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2017-07-11 | Jenkem Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin Branch | Conjugates of water soluble polymer-amino acid oligopeptide-drug, preparation method and use thereof |
CN104548120A (zh) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-29 | 北京林业大学 | 聚乙二醇-白桦脂酸结合物及其制备方法 |
WO2015081821A1 (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-11 | 北京键凯科技有限公司 | 聚乙二醇-多爪寡肽键合的雷帕霉素衍生物 |
US9809822B2 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-11-07 | Hong Kong Baptist University | Triptolide derivatives and preparation method and use thereof |
CN103816548A (zh) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-05-28 | 北京林业大学 | 靶向亲水性聚合物-雷公藤甲素结合物 |
CN106619765B (zh) * | 2017-01-20 | 2020-02-07 | 浙江省人民医院 | 一种含有乌骨藤提取物的药物组合物 |
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