CN100336567C - 医用角膜贴片 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种医用角膜贴片,是采用自体来源的间充质干细胞种于羊膜上作为承载载体治疗角膜疾病,临床上获得健康人的骨髓10ml,用PBS按1∶1稀释,加入5ML Ficoll(Sigma,密度1.077),2000rpm离心20分钟,将中间云雾状的单个核细胞悬液吸出,PBS洗涤3次,种于含有10%FBS的a-MEM的培养基中,10-14天后铺满瓶底,传代扩增到第四代后取2×105细胞种于处理好的1.5cm×1.5cm的羊膜上,加入培养基继续培养,直到细胞长满整个羊膜。这种发明产品应用于临床能够促进角膜上皮缺失的恢复,减少损伤后新生血管的形成,改善溃疡,此方法既排除了免疫排斥反应,又解决了细胞来源问题,为临床角膜疾病的治疗开辟了一条新路。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于治疗角膜疾病的将间充质干细胞种植于羊膜上制成的贴片及其制备方法。
背景技术:
角膜损伤的治疗是目前临床上比较复杂的问题。角膜分为五层,分别为角膜上皮层,前界层,角膜基质层,后界层和角膜内皮层,临床角膜疾病包括物理及化学烧伤,机械性外伤,感染,复发性翼状胬肉,Steven-Johnson综合症,类天胞疮,沙眼等,严重的结角膜疾病仍然是眼科医生复明治疗中的一大难题。角膜烧伤后角膜缘干细胞大量缺失,角膜上皮无法正常修复,角膜混浊,新生血管增加形成纤维化,继发感染后出现角膜溃疡甚至积脓,影响正常视力甚至失明。
临床上传统治疗角膜疾病的方法一般有以下几种:
一、传统的角膜移植术后短期角膜透明,诊断明确即不能或联合手术。其主要缺点为仅为中央ф7mm光学透明区移植,对干细胞缺失无效,因排斥反应明显,需要长期使用免疫抑制剂配合治疗。
二、自体角膜缘移植虽然无免疫排斥反应,但材料来源受限,主要缺点为增加健眼患病的危险性,不能360°环状移植,效果受限。
三、异体角膜缘移植供体材料极为有限,治疗机会非常少,并且免疫排斥反应明显,需要长期用药,费用很高。
骨髓来源的间充质干细胞近年来备受关注缘于它很容易分离、培养和扩增,且能向骨、脂肪、软骨、神经等各个胚层的组织分化。干细胞是自我更新组织内细胞增殖与分化的源泉,在临床上,干细胞解决了器官移植所带来的器官来源问题,近期角膜缘干细胞移植成为治疗角膜疾病的热点,其主要方法是取自体或异体的角膜缘培养角膜缘干细胞种植于羊膜上进行移植治疗角膜性疾病,但由于角膜缘来源受限,异体的角膜缘干细胞移植后排斥反应明显,所以虽有显著的治疗效果但未在临床普及应用。自体来源的干细胞解决了器官移植的免疫排斥反应问题,是临床器官移植领域的一大热点和希望的曙光。
本发明采用自体来源的间充质干细胞种于羊膜上作为承载载体治疗角膜疾病取得了一定的疗效,目前已经完成了51例动物有效性试验,实验结果显示:这种发明产品应用于临床能够促进上皮缺失的恢复,减少损伤后新生血管的形成,改善溃疡;通过视动仪分别测量角膜上皮损伤前,损伤后和移植细胞后的大鼠视力,发现有显著性差异,大鼠的视力基本恢复到正常水平;根据基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2/4的免疫荧光染色结果,证实间充质干细胞能够减少炎症反应,促进角膜上皮的恢复;通过HE切片染色可以观察到烧伤后上皮不完全,炎症反映严重,而移植细胞4周后上皮完整,炎症反映消失,细胞对上皮的恢复起到了决定性的作用。作为新技术与临床医院合作对3例适宜的角膜病患者进行了培养骨髓间充质细胞羊膜片移植手术,术后患者恢复较好,患者视力得到提高,证明该方法能有效的重建眼表。此方法既排除了免疫排斥反应,又解决了细胞来源问题,为临床角膜疾病的治疗开辟了一条新路。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有治疗角膜疾病功能的医用角膜贴片。
本发明的医用角膜贴片,是将自体来源的间充质干细胞种植于处理好的羊膜上,间充质干细胞在培养液中培养保存,培养液的名称为a-MEM,其组分为细胞生长必须的氨基酸,蛋白质和多糖等。
附图说明:
图1:医用角膜贴片外观图;
图2:细胞在羊膜上生长图;
图3a:正常大鼠角膜;
图3b:烧伤后大鼠角膜;
图4:不同对照组大鼠术后4周角膜恢复情况图(裂隙灯照相图片),图4a-移植间充质干细胞,图4b-移植角膜缘干细胞,图4c-移植成纤维细胞,图4d-单纯移植羊膜,图4e-阴性对照;
图5:不同对照组大鼠术后4周角膜恢复情况图(H-E染色图片),图5a-移植MSC,图5b-移植角膜缘干细胞,图5c-移植成纤维细胞,图5d-单纯移植羊膜,图5e-阴性对照;
图6:视动跟踪仪对实验大鼠视力反射状况的跟踪图,图6a、图6b、图6c为三个不同光栅术前双眼(绿色),术前单眼(紫色),烧伤前单眼(黄色)的运动总路程,图6d为术前双眼,图6e为术前单眼,图6f为烧伤后单眼的运动轨迹;
图7a:单纯移植羊膜后14天MMP-2的表达(20X);
图7b:移植间充质干细胞后14天MMP-2的表达(20X)。
实施方案:
1.原料:
(1)培养基a-MEM购自GIBCO BRL(Grand Island,NY,USA),组分为维持细胞生长的必需氨基酸,蛋白质和多糖等,产品号:1206692。
(2)胎牛血清(FBS),购自Hyclone(Logan,UT)公司,细胞生长必需的营养成分,其产品严格按照胎牛血清质量标准执行。
(3)Trypsin-EDTA,购自GIBCO BRL(Grand Island,NY,USA),消化细胞用。
(4)CD34,CD44,CD45,CD38,CD90,CD71,CD147,HLA-DR购自BD公司,为间充质干细胞的标记鉴定抗体。
(5)羊膜:取自剖腹产产妇的胎盘,术前检测孕母血清HbsAg、抗-HCV、HCV-RNA、抗-HDV、抗-HEV、抗-HIV-1/2、HIV-1-RNA、RPR、CMV-DNA为阴性,试验方法采用临床术前常规检测方法,结果均为阴性方可使用。在无菌条件下,用平衡盐液清洗血凝块,钝性分离羊膜和绒毛膜。用含庆大霉素50μg/ml的平衡盐液清洗羊膜三遍,并剪成1.5×1.5cm2大小约100块。将羊膜编号,加入等量DMEM与纯甘油中,-80℃贮存。
2.角膜贴片培养的温度为37℃,保存温度为4℃。
3.角膜贴片培养液的PH值:7.2-7.5。
4.角膜贴片的面积:1.5×1.5cm2。
5.实施方案是通过以下方法进行并测试的:
(1)间充质干细胞的培养
将健康成人骨髓10ml,用PBS按1∶1稀释,加入5ml Ficoll液,购于Sigma公司,密度1.077,2000rpm离心20分钟。将中间云雾状的单个核细胞悬液吸出,PBS洗涤3次,种于含有10%FBS的a-MEM的培养基中,10-14天后铺满瓶底,传代扩增到第四代后取2×105细胞种于处理好的羊膜上,加入培养基继续培养,直到细胞长满整个羊膜。通过密度梯度离心法分离,培养,扩增到一定数量后,用流式细胞术检测表面细胞标志,分别是CD34,CD38,CD45,CD147,HLA-DR,CD71,CD44,CD90。建立SD大鼠的角膜碱烧伤动物模型,使其角膜缘上皮脱落,视动仪测量视力总路程在500cm左右作为视力正常的入选标准。间充质干细胞种植于处理好的羊膜上,密度达到90%以上时移植于烧伤7天后受损的角膜上,用视动仪对每只入选大鼠的视力进行测量看视力恢复情况,4-6周处死,将角膜用4%多聚甲醛固定,切片,HE染色观察角膜修复情况,免疫荧光法染抗人核抗体检测细胞的存活情况及MMP-2染色检测间充质干细胞对炎症反应的抑制作用。
(2)羊膜的制备
取出冻存羊膜,在PBS中水化30分钟,用0.25%胰酶和0.02%EDTA消化15-30分钟。再用细胞刮刀刮除上皮,基底面向上铺于培养皿中,部分进行H-E染色,确定羊膜上皮已经去除。
(3)大鼠视力测定方法Head-tracking的建立
大鼠视功能的评估方法比较常用的有两种,一种是电生理法如非侵害性的VEP(visualevoked potentials)法和侵害性的大脑中枢单电极电生理法、视皮质电生理记录法。另外一种是行为学的评估方法,主要包括对大鼠反射发育,运动功能,反应性,学习与记忆,感觉运动功能的评估,比较常见的有水迷宫试验,前置刺激反应,信号识别实验,视动跟踪反应,选箱实验等。电生理法的缺点是带有一定的侵害性和时间的不可预测,而行为学的方法需要花大量的时间与精力对动物的行为习惯进行训练。而视动跟踪反应(Head-tracking)克服了以上的缺点,它通过三种不同宽度的光栅(0.125,0.25,0.5cycles/degree)对动物予以刺激,按其头部视动跟踪反应来判断动物的视功能状况,判断指标为跟踪能力的有无和跟踪时间的长短。视动跟踪仪最早是用来跟踪视网膜缺失大鼠的视力状况,经北京大学干细胞中心研发生产应用于角膜受损大鼠视力的测定,它是由三部分组成:一个直径58cm高58cm的电动鼓形圆桶,电动设备能够带动圆桶以2rev./min的速度正向和反向旋转,内壁为黑白相间的三个不同宽度的光栅(0.125,0.25,0.5cycles/degree),在圆桶的中央有一个直径22cm,高38cm的小的圆桶,被测试大鼠放于其中。另外一个设备是电脑,里面安装该设备的软件,可以记录大鼠的运动轨迹和计算总路程和运动时间,他们之间通过一个摄像装备相连。本实验通过此设备记录了被测60只大鼠的正常双眼,正常单眼(被烧伤的眼睛,缝合另外正常眼睑),烧伤后单眼(被烧伤的眼睛),手术后4周的单眼和双眼的视力情况。将大鼠头部用染发剂涂黑,测量前将大鼠放入中间的圆桶中适应30秒,开动仪器每只大鼠测量10分钟,摄象设备记录大鼠对每个光栅的反应和行为学如识别,跟踪,摇头,晕眩等状况,电脑记录其运动轨迹,运动时间和运动总路程,将测试大鼠分组进行不同的细胞移植,通过统计学进行数据分析整理,横向分析不同手段的细胞移植对视力的恢复情况。
(4)大鼠角膜碱烧伤模型的建立
所有动物的使用方法严格根据北京大学实验动物研究中心实验动物关爱和使用协会规则执行。120只雄性SD大鼠体重180-200克购自北京大学实验动物研究中心,视动跟踪仪筛选80只视力正常的大鼠,全身乙醚麻醉,右眼表面用表面麻醉剂进行表面麻醉,将外环直径8mm,内环直径4mm的滤纸环浸泡于1.0N的Na0H溶液中,完全浸湿后棉棒吸去多余的碱液,置于大鼠角膜上30秒,烧去角膜缘上皮,立即用生理盐水冲洗,巩膜隧道刀刮去剩余的角膜缘和中央的上皮细胞,涂上治疗炎症反应和免疫抑止剂混合型的眼膏碘必舒,每天2次,7天后进行细胞移植。
(5)细胞移植手术
细胞在羊膜上生长密度达到90%以上时可以进行移植,选烧伤7天后的大鼠,去掉角膜上皮面粘连的组织和角质层,将种有羊膜的细胞面朝上铺于烧伤角膜表面,10-0缝合线四点对称缝合,然后取一片处理好的羊膜,基底面朝上盖于细胞面上缝合于结膜上以保护细胞,术后缝合眼睑,7天后拆线,每天滴氯霉素三次,有些大鼠根据分组进行碘必舒激素治疗。
(6)眼部表面观察评定
大鼠角膜每天进行日常观察,每周两次裂隙灯观察,荧光素钠鉴定上皮的修复情况,如果上皮缺损荧光素钠着色,上皮无缺损荧光素钠不着色。
(7)H-E染色
术后大鼠4周,过量水合氯醛麻醉处死,取角膜固定,石蜡包埋,切片,脱水,H-E染色,苏木精-伊红着色染细胞质和细胞核。
(8)免疫荧光染色
取过量水合氯醛处死的大鼠角膜,固定,OCT包埋,冷冻切片,用含有0.5%的Triton-X100的PBS(PBST)洗涤,打孔,2%BSA封闭,加入一抗MMP-2,4度过夜,PBST洗涤三次,加入FITC或者TRITC标记的二抗,室温1小时放置,洗涤,封片,荧光显微镜下观察。
实施例一
眼表上皮恢复评价
碱烧伤后的大鼠角膜上皮严重缺损(见图3a、图3b),手术四周后,对实验动物角膜进行观察,从角膜透明,角膜浑浊,前房积血,前房积脓,角膜穿孔五个方面对每只大鼠进行评价,评价效果(见表1),从表中可以看出,间充质干细胞移植后角膜恢复效果和角膜缘干细胞移植后效果基本相同,同时比单纯羊膜移植和成纤维细胞移植效果好,同时,通过裂隙灯照相可以看出,移植了间充质干细胞的烧伤角膜新生血管明显减少,上皮基本恢复,角膜透明,与移植角膜缘干细胞移效果基本相同(见图4a、图4b、图4c、图4d、图4e),H-E染色后也出现了同样的结果(见图5a、图5b、图5c、图5d、图5e)。
总数 | 好 | 角膜混浊 | 角膜溃疡 | 前房积血 | 前房积脓 | 角膜穿孔 | |
MSC | 16 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
LSC | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
AM | 8 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
FB | 7 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
CON | 6 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
表1:不同对照组大鼠术后4周角膜恢复情况
实施例二
烧伤大鼠视力的恢复
通过视动跟踪仪对实验大鼠视力反射状况的跟踪,对烧伤前双眼,烧伤前单眼,烧伤后单眼的运动总路程和运动轨迹进行比较(见图6a、图6b、图6c、图6d、图6e、图6f),可以看出在视动跟踪仪对大鼠的视力状况跟踪有显著性差异,视动跟踪仪正常工作。烧伤后分别移植不同种类的细胞,对各组数据进行横向比较,通过不同光栅的视动反应比较其P值(见表2、表3、表4、表5,得出间充质干细胞比其他移植方法对大鼠视力恢复效果有显著性提高。
MSC-移植间充质干细胞,LSC-移植角膜缘干细胞,AM-单纯移植羊膜,FB-移植成纤维细胞。
术后双眼移动总距离(0.5cycles/degree) | ||||
LSC | AM | FB | CON | |
MSC | 0.965 | 0.03 | 0.022 | <0.001 |
LSC | 0.001 | 0.048 | <0.001 | |
AM | 0.59 | 0.004 | ||
FB | 0.001 |
表2:不同组术后双眼移动总距离比较(P<0.05有显著性差异)
术后单眼移动总距离(0.5cycles/degree) | ||||
LSC | AM | FB | CON | |
MSC | 0.097 | 0.009 | 0.019 | <0.001 |
LSC | 0.022 | 0.037 | <0.001 | |
AM | 0.887 | 0.002 | ||
FB | 0.002 |
表3:不同组术后单眼移动总距离比较(P<0.05有显著性差异)
术后双眼移动平均速度(0.5cycles/degree) | ||||
LSC | AM | FB | CON | |
MSC | 0.846 | 0.006 | 0.009 | <0.001 |
LSC | 0.01 | 0.014 | <0.001 | |
AM | 0.97 | 0.03 | ||
FB | 0.033 |
表4:不同组术后双眼平均速度比较(P<0.05有显著性差异)
术后单眼移动平均速度(0.5cycles/degree) | ||||
LSC | AM | FB | CON | |
MSC | 0.854 | 0.009 | 0.014 | <0.001 |
LSC | 0.016 | 0.021 | <0.001 | |
AM | 0.976 | 0.019 | ||
FB | 0.011 |
表5:不同组术后单眼平均速度比较(P<0.05有显著性差异)
实施例三
炎症因子的反应
MMP-2(基质金属蛋白酶2)是以基底膜胶原为特异性底物,其组织型抑制剂能在体内直接调节酶活性,所以MMP-2在角膜损伤中能够反应其新生血管的变化。从图中可以看出(见图7a、图7b),移植间充质干细胞的角膜比单纯移植羊膜的角膜基质活性低,说明间充质干细胞对抑制新生血管再生起到了决定性的作用,显示移植间充质干细胞的大鼠角膜基质炎症反应比移植其他细胞轻。
Claims (3)
1.一种医用角膜贴片,是将干细胞种植于处理好的羊膜上制成的,其特征在于所使用的干细胞是自体来源的间充质干细胞。
2.如权利要求1所述的医用角膜贴片,其特征在于间充质干细胞是通过以下方法培养的:
(1)取健康人的骨髓10ml,用PBS按1∶1稀释;
(2)加入5ml Ficoll液,购于Sigma公司,密度1.077,2000rpm离心20分钟;
(3)将中间云雾状的单个核细胞悬液吸出,PBS洗涤3次,种于含有10%FBS的a-MEM的培养基中,10-14天后铺满瓶底;
(4)传代扩增到第四代后取2×105细胞种于处理好的羊膜上,加入培养基继续培养,直到细胞长满整个羊膜。
3.如权利要求1所述的医用角膜贴片,其特征在于所使用的羊膜是通过以下特殊方法进行制备的:
(1)羊膜取自剖腹产产妇的胎盘,术前检测孕母血清的HbsAg,抗-HCV,HCV-RNA,抗-HDV,抗-HEV,抗-HIV-1/2,HIV-1-RNA,RPR,CMU-DNA,结果均为阴性方可使用;
(2)临床获取羊膜后,用含有100U/ml青霉素和100ug/ml链霉素的PBS洗涤;
(3)羊膜由上皮层,基底膜和其下面紧凑的基质组成,先钝性分离羊膜及绒毛膜,洗涤后剪成1.5×1.5cm小块,将其保存在50%DMEM和50%甘油组成的保存液中,放入-80℃中冻存备用;
(4)使用时取出冻存羊膜,在PBS中水化30分钟,用0.25%胰酶和0.02%EDTA消化15-30分钟;
(5)细胞刮刀刮除上皮,基底面向上铺于培养皿中,部分进行H-E染色,确定羊膜上皮已经去除。
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CN103055348A (zh) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-24 | 北京清美联创干细胞科技有限公司 | 自体骨髓间充质干细胞人羊膜角膜贴片的制备及应用 |
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