CN100336486C - 眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪 - Google Patents
眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪,可同步获取与眩晕有关或非眩晕引起的眼震和耳末梢血流量改变的信号分析。它是由避光眼罩(8)、微光源(11)、CCD传感器(9)、光栅(10)、红外发射光源(4)、红外光探测器(2)、信号采集卡、计算机、显示器、打印机组成。耳末梢血流信号获取装置和眼震颤信号获取装置采集的信号通过信号采集卡输入到计算机,经计算机处理的输出信号可与上位计算机机传输交换、或者显示、打印。使用本发明可无创伤检测,同步采集眼震何耳末梢血流量信号,为临床诊断和药理分析提高可靠的判断依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪,可同步检测眼震图形和耳末梢血流信号。
背景技术
通常,眼震与多种生理改变有关,如椎—基底动脉供血不足、运动性病、精神疾病,尤其是眩晕疾病。眩晕不仅会引起眼震,而且会引起植物神经功能紊乱。神经功能紊乱会引起耳末梢血管收缩导致脸色苍白。由于耳的末梢血是由脸部血管输送,则眩晕时脸色苍白是因耳的末梢供血不足所致,耳末梢存在供血不足的程度与眩晕的程度有着必然的联系。因此获取眼震图信息和耳末梢血流的变化信息可分析眩晕的程度以及分析眩晕的引起原因。
眩晕机理:正常的空间关系是指身体各部位处于抗重力最佳平衡状态,是指身体姿势与稳定与正确“平衡三联”在身体的平衡调节起重要作用。平衡三联:由静-动系统(前庭-迷路系统)视觉和本体感觉(触觉和深部感觉)的组成。视觉、本体感觉、和前庭感觉系统是发生位向感觉的基本器官,视觉体验得以认识周围物体的方位,以及本身与外界物体的关系,由于本体感觉的传导,使人时时刻刻了解自身的姿态、位置及运动的范围、幅度;由于前庭器官的感受人能够辨别肢体的运动的方向,判断躯体的重心一旦发生转移、肢体发生了运动,平衡立即就发生了变化,于是视觉本体感觉、前庭平衡觉的感觉器官立即将信号传入中枢神经,在脑干网状结构内进行整合,使三者的感觉冲动协调无悖,产生正常的位向体验。三个部位的感觉功能发生了变化,都可能引起眩晕。
眩晕的产生机制:正常情况下前庭系统的活动很少为人们感知,当受到较大刺激和损伤时、前庭器官与来自肌肉、关节的本体感受器官对空间定向冲动反应不一致产生运动幻觉,即眩晕。第二种情况是一侧前庭神经损伤时引起两侧传入冲动不平衡在大脑皮质产生眩晕感觉。第三种情况是前庭-眼反射障碍,前庭神经核通过内侧纵束与动眼,滑车和展神经核相联系,该通路受损出现眼球震颤。第四种情况是前庭神经核通过前庭脊髓束与小脑、红核、脊髓前角细胞联系构成前庭脊髓通路,前庭脊髓反射异常产生平衡障碍和共济运动失调。第五钟情况是前庭神经核与脑干网状结构的血管运动中枢、迷走神经核等联系失常、当前庭神经功能障碍时。第六种情况是前庭半规管感觉敏感,在直线运动及旋转变速运动时,传入冲动引起强烈的反应,造成姿势调节障碍和眩晕。第七种情况是缠绕在迷路血管壁上的交感神经的纤维和血管运动有关以其影响迷路的血液供应(属精神紧张和焦虑时综合症)。
眩晕的病因:据统计引起眩晕的病因有80余种,有的病因明确,但还有30%~40%尚难确定[陈雪涛,眩晕的病因,临床表现及分类,中国乡村医药杂志,2003,10(3)]。眩晕的诊断及其症状鉴别诊断 眩晕的医学检查常用的方法主要有以下几种。
眼底检查:检查视神经乳头水肿、检查眼底血管、检查视网膜。
神经耳科学检查:检查听力、耳咽管、半规管和耳石功能。
检查生化指标:血球压积,血液粘度,纤维蛋白元,红细胞刚性,血小板计数,粘附性及集积性等。
影像和物理检查:内耳迷路,超高电子束扫描,彩色超声扫描和多谱勒血流分析仪检查颅内动脉血流量。
电生理检查:检查电测听,听觉诱发电位,眼震电图等[李颖曦,眩晕的临床诊断和治疗流程建议的说明,中国神经精神疾病杂志,2003,29(4)]。
通过眼震图对椎基动脉供血不足的眩晕测出眼震出现率87%[张永柱等,眼震电图诊断椎-基底动脉供血不足性眩晕的意义,中国临床康复,2002,21(6)]。
另有内耳感温刺激实验:内耳感温刺激实验是由于半规管内的淋巴液受热不均匀能引起眩晕和眼球震颤。
旋转实验:能引起半规管受惯性影响产生旋转感和眼球震颤。
位置实验:由于受试者头处不同位置引起半规管淋巴液瞬间动态变化产生眩晕和眼球震颤[石进,眩晕的一般诊断顺序,中国乡村医药杂志,2003,10(3)]。
郭春苗等人采用TCD分析了70例眩晕者为57例椎基动脉供血不足提供了诊断依据,采用法国explorer-cvs检测仪在不同深度探测经左右颞窗分别检测同侧大脑前中后动脉和经枕骨大空窗在不同深度下检测基底双侧椎动脉和小脑下后动脉,测定血管的收缩、舒张平均血流速度和血管搏动指数,测出眩晕者血流速度变慢[郭春苗等人,TCD(彩色多谱勒)检测对VBI(椎基动脉供血不足)性眩晕的诊断价值,中国新医学,2002,3(1)]。
通过对眼震的特征分析还可以区别不同眼震轴向振幅属不同的产生原因,梅尼埃氏病眼震为水平运动,精神病和其它疾病的眼震分别有其特征[黄稳静等,眼震观察在眩晕患者护理中的意义,护士进修杂志,2003,18(3)]。
上述研究表明眼震颤与眩晕有密切联系,眼震颤也有多种疾病引起,不同的眼震颤特征由不同的原因引起,有的眼震颤与眩晕没有直接联系,眩晕有多种原因引起,眩晕的原因正确诊断对治疗十分重要,眩晕引起的植物神经功能紊乱引起末梢血管收缩导致耳末梢血管缺血属某些类型的疾病原因不是所有眼震颤综合症,分析眼震的特征结合耳末梢血管缺血变化对分析眼震和眩晕症病因有重要意义。
虽然现有的医学检查对眩晕有多种方法,临床中通常对眩晕的引起原因也采用多种检查方法加于分析以达到正确诊断的目的。但是,在一台分析仪器获取相互印证的依据的诊断仪器尚未见报道,采用一台仪器可在同一时间同一地点,同步检测眼震颤、耳末梢血管缺血变化的信息可避免时间差和环境改变的干扰。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术不能同时检测眼震颤、耳末梢血管缺血变化的信息的不足,本发明提供一种眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪,可同步检测眼震图形和耳末梢血流信号。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪,包括耳末梢血流信号获取装置、眼震颤信号获取装置、信号采集卡、计算机、显示器和打印机,其特征在于:耳末梢血流信号获取装置和眼震颤信号获取装置采集的信号通过信号采集卡输入到计算机。
所述的耳末梢血流信号获取装置包括红外发射光源4和红外光探测器2,红外发射光源4和红外光探测器2与耳组织1相隔位式放置并且相向而对。
所述的眼震颤信号获取装置包括CCD传感器9、光栅10和微光源11,微光源11安装在避光眼罩8的底部,在微光源11与CCD传感器9之间安装有光栅10。
所述的光栅10为水平安装。
本发明的有益效果是:由于将耳末梢血流信号获取装置和眼震颤信号获取装置分别与信号采集卡电连接在一起,可无创伤检测,并可同步检测眼震图形和耳末梢血流信号,为临床诊断和药理分析提高可靠的判断依据。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明的耳末梢血流信号获取装置使用方式正面视图;
图2是本发明的耳末梢血流信号获取装置使用方式背面视图;
图3是本发明的耳末梢血流信号获取装置红外发射器与红外光探测器位置视图;
图4是本发明的眼震颤信号获取装置视图;
图5是本发明结构框图;
图6是本发明眼震颤信号获取装置的光栅位置示意图。
具体实施方式
根据眩晕引起眼震,和眩晕引起植物神经功能紊乱、从而引起脸部的末梢血管痉挛导致脸部末梢供血不足、耳末梢供血不足的临床症状,本发明通过微光发射射向眼球表面,在眼球的表面形成光斑-当眼球震颤光斑即形成跳动的光斑,跳动光斑采用摄像机(CCD)获取眼球震颤的图像,并通过光栅装置将眼球震颤的运动轴向分辨眼震水平振幅还是垂直振幅、或是无序的震颤,光栅装置为水平格栅,当眼震水平振幅时光斑跳动为水平连续波图,当眼球震颤垂直振幅时由于光栅装置为水平格栅光斑跳动连续性被水平格栅分切成断点波图,通过CCD信号采集、计算机处理计算出频率、振幅,识别眼球震颤是垂直振幅还是水平振幅,耳末梢血流流速流量信号是由红外发射光通过耳组织被红外探测器探测,耳末梢血液充盈与耳末梢缺血红外光吸收量不同,红外探测器获得变化的信息,红外探测器获得的变化信息输入至计算机,由计算机处理计算出耳末梢血流流速流量的变化值。
参照图1~6。由红外发射光源4红外光探测器2导线3组成的3600Hz调制电路组成耳末梢血流信号获取装置,红外发射光通过耳组织被红外探测器探测,红外发射光源4经调制3600Hz,发射的光源穿过耳组织1由红外光探测器2接收,由于耳组织1分布的末梢血管血流量不同对穿过耳组织1的光源被吸收量也不同,红外光探测器2接收光信号随光源被吸收量不同而改变,红外光探测器2输出的信号也随光源被吸收量不同而改变,红外光探测器2输出的信号经导线3输出至采集卡采集再输入计算机,经计算机处理输出显示或输出打印。
由避光眼罩8、微光源11、CCD9和光栅10组成眼震颤信号获取装置,避光眼罩8罩住眼球7避免干扰光源,避光眼罩8的底部安装有微光源11。微光源11与CCD9之间安装光栅10,光栅10为水平安装。微光源11在避光眼罩8罩住眼球7时眼球7显示微光斑,眼球7与CCD9光路同轴,微光斑被CCD9摄取,摄取的微光斑信号经信号采集卡采集输入计算机,经计算机处理输出显示或输出打印。
眼震图耳末梢血流信号在同一时间同一地点获取,避免了时间差和地点环境改变的干扰,眼震图耳末梢血流同步检测获得的信号用于疾病诊断以及药理实验分析具有重要的意义。
Claims (4)
1、一种眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪,包括耳末梢血流信号获取装置、眼震颤信号获取装置、信号采集卡、计算机、显示器和打印机,其特征在于:耳末梢血流信号获取装置和眼震颤信号获取装置采集的信号通过信号采集卡输入到计算机。
2、根据权利要求1所述的眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪,其特征在于:所述的耳末梢血流信号获取装置包括红外发射光源(4)和红外光探测器(2),红外发射光源(4)和红外光探测器(2)与耳组织(1)相隔位式放置并且相向而对。
3、根据权利要求1所述的眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪,其特征在于:所述的眼震颤信号获取装置包括CCD传感器(9)、光栅(10)和微光源(11),微光源(11)安装在避光眼罩(8)的底部,在微光源(11)与CCD传感器(9)之间安装有光栅(10)。
4、根据权利要求3所述的眼震图、耳末梢血流信号同步检测分析仪,其特征在于:所述的光栅(10)为水平安装。
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