CH666485A5 - Elastic material contg. elastic resin particles, binder and cork - useful as base for floor or road, e.g. for indoor or outdoor sports stadium - Google Patents
Elastic material contg. elastic resin particles, binder and cork - useful as base for floor or road, e.g. for indoor or outdoor sports stadium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH666485A5 CH666485A5 CH2445/86A CH244586A CH666485A5 CH 666485 A5 CH666485 A5 CH 666485A5 CH 2445/86 A CH2445/86 A CH 2445/86A CH 244586 A CH244586 A CH 244586A CH 666485 A5 CH666485 A5 CH 666485A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- elastic
- particles
- material according
- binder
- base
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
- E01C13/045—Pavings made of prefabricated single units the prefabricated single units consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
- E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
- E04F15/182—Underlayers coated with adhesive or mortar to receive the flooring
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
- E04F15/186—Underlayers covered with a mesh or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L19/00—Compositions of rubbers not provided for in groups C08L7/00 - C08L17/00
- C08L19/006—Rubber characterised by functional groups, e.g. telechelic diene polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/007—Cork
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
Elastic material based on elastic synthetic particles (I) bound with an elastic synthetic resin binder (II), also contains cork particles (III). (I) consist of synthetic rubber, e.g. EPDM and/or SBR, opt. mixed with scrap rubber particles. (II) is a polyurethane resin. The material may also contain gravel and/or sand; and/or the surface may be reinforced, e.g. with a natural and/or synthetic fibre or metal mesh. USE/ADVANTAGE - The material is claimed for use as an elastic base for a floor and/or roadway, esp. for an outdoor or indoor sports stadium, e.g. a gymnasium, football stadium, play area or multipurpose area. It is suitable base for artificial grass for football pitches and other sports and play areas. It is free from materials harmful to the environment and has the reqd. elasticity, durability, wear and load bearing capacity. The insulating properties and reduced weight imparted by (III) make it suitable for numerous other applications, e.g. in the building sector and industry.
Description
BESCHREIBUNG
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein elastisches Material auf der Grundlage von elastischen Kunstharzpartikeln, welche mit einem elastischen Kunstharzbindemittel gebunden sind. Das Material ist in Patentanspruch 1 definiert.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist die Verwendung dieses Materials als begeh- und/oder befahrbarer Strassenoder Bodenbelag bzw. als elastische Unterlage für einen begeh- und/oder befahrbaren Bodenbelag.
Elastische Materialien haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten auf verschiedenen Gebieten des Bausektors wie auch als Unterlagsmaterial in der Industrie Eingang gefunden.
Ein grosses Anwendungsgebiet liegt z.B. auf dem Sektor der Sportplatzbeläge. Lange Zeit wurden für solche Beläge Materialien eingesetzt, die einen grossen Anteil an Quarz und Sand aufwiesen und entsprechend unelastisch waren.
Diese mangelnde Elastizität wurde von den Sportlern als sehr unangenehm empfunden und führte auch zu erheblichen Überbeanspruchungen und Verletzungen von Sehnen, Bändern, Muskeln und Gelenken. Dem vielfachen Wunsch der Benützer nach einem Boden, welcher ähnliche Eigenschaften wie Naturrasen aufweist, führte vor einigen Jahren zur Entwicklung von elastischen Bodenbelägen und Unterlagebelägen auf der Basis von elastischen Kunstharzpartikeln, welche mit Hilfe eines ebenfalls elastischen Kunstharz-Bindemittels gebunden wurden. Insbesondere aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen war es üblich, den verwendeten elastischen Kunststoffpartikeln Partikel aus Kautschukabfällen, z.B. gebrauchten Fahrzeugreifen, usw., beizumischen. Die erhaltenen Produkte entsprachen den von den Sportlern gestellten Anforderungen in bester Weise.
Mit zunehmendem Umweltbewusstsein erregte jedoch dieses Material den Unwillen von Umweltschutzkreisen infolge des Gehaltes des Kautschuks an
Schwermetallen.
Es bestand daher ein dringendes Bedürfnis nach einem neuen Material mit allen Vorteilen des bisherigen jedoch ohne Gehalt an umweltschädlichen, unerwünschten Bestandteilen. Die einfachste Lösung würde darin bestehen, die bisherigen, schwermetallhaltigen Bestandteile des Beschlagsgemisches ersatzlos wegzulassen. Diese Lösung erwies sich jedoch aus wirtschaftlichen Überlegungen als höchstens für Einzelfälle verwendbar.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war es daher, ein elastisches Material zur Verfügung zu stellen, das keine umweltschädlichen Bestandteile enthält, trotzdem aber die gewünschte Elastizität, Dauerhaftigkeit, Strapazierfähigkeit und Belastbarkeit der bisher bekannten Materialien aufweist.
Überraschenderweise ist es nun gelungen, ein hervorragendes Material zu erhalten, indem man den elastischen Kunstharzpartikeln Korkpartikeln beimischt und das Gemisch mit einem üblichen, nach dem Härten ebenfalls elastisch bleibenden Kunstharzbindemittel bindet.
Die elastischen Kunstharzpartikeln können aus jedem bisher für diesen Zweck verwendeten synthetischen Elastomeren, vorzugsweise in Granulatform, bestehen, deren gummielastisches Verhalten weder durch Altern noch durch Temperatur- oder andere Umwelteinflüsse herabgesetzt wird. Bestens bewährt haben sich zum Beispiel die unter der allgemeinen Bezeichnung EPDM und SBR bekannten Kunstharze. Die Teilchengrösse beträgt mit Vorteil durchschnittlich etwa 1 bis 5 mm, doch kann sie je nach Bedarf und Anwendungsgebiet innerhalb bekannter Grenzen variieren.
Der Kork wird im allgemeinen in etwa derselben Korngrösse eingesetzt wie das elastische Kunstharz. Kork weist neben seiner Elastizität den grossen Vorteil auf, keinerlei unerwünschte Schadstoffe an die Umwelt abzugeben. Ausserdem besitzt er ein geringes spezifisches Gewicht, wodurch das Gesamtgewicht des Materials beträchtlich herabgesetzt werden kann, was bei grossen Belagsflächen, wie auch bei der Herstellung von Platten usw. von Vorteil sein kann. Da Kork wesentlich weicher ist als die üblichen elastischen Kunstharze lässt sich durch den Gehalt an Korkpartikeln auch die Härte des Materials nach Wunsch und Bedarf steuern.
Auf Wunsch können dem Gemisch weitere übliche Zusätze einverleibt werden, wie z.B. Splitt, Sand, Abfallkautschuk, Farbstoffe, Oxidationsmittel, Frostschutzmittel, usw.
Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Materialien werden auf bekannte Weise zunächst die trockenen Bestandteile, vorzugsweise in Granulatform, innig vermischt und anschliessend entweder direkt oder nach beliebiger Lagerung, mit dem flüssigen Bindemittel vermengt und dieses Gemisch sodann auf bekannte Weise auf die zu bedeckende Fläche aufgetragen oder in Formen eingefüllt. Je nach dem verwendeten Bindemittel und den Umweltbedingungen erfolgt die Härtung rascher oder langsamer, wie dem Fachmann bestens bekannt ist. Auch die Mengenverhältnisse der Komponenten im Gemisch sind dem Fachmann bekannt und können durch einfache Versuche den jeweiligen Anforderungen angepasst werden.
Für besondere Anwendungen kann das elastische Material zusätzlich durch Einverleibung einer Armierung, z.B. in Form eines eingelegten Netzes aus Natur- und/oder Synthesefasern oder aus einem Material oder Kunststoff weiter verstärkt werden.
Das Material eignet sich z.B. als begeh- und/oder befahrbarer Bodenbelag, insbesondere für viele Arten von Sportplätzen sowohl in Freiluft- wie in Hallenanlagen. Besonders gute Resultate werden erhalten, wenn das erfindungsgemässe Material als elastische Unterlage für einen begeh- und/oder befahrbaren Bodenbelag anderer Art verwendet wird, z.B.
unter einem Kunstgrasbelag für Fussball- und andere Sportund Spielplätze.
Das erfindungsgemässe Material kann auch nach dem Aushärten mit einer Deckschicht versehen werden, die z.B.
aufgegossen wird, um die mechanische Festigkeit der Oberfläche zu verbessern und jedes Eindringen von Staub, Schmutz und Feuchtigkeit zu verhindern.
Die dem Kork eigenen Isoliereigenschaften und sein geringes Gewicht eröffnen dem neuen elastischen Material aber noch viele zusÅatzliche Anwendungsgebiete im Baugewerbe wie auch in der Industrie.
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to an elastic material based on elastic synthetic resin particles which are bound with an elastic synthetic resin binder. The material is defined in claim 1.
Another object of the invention is the use of this material as a walkable and / or passable road or floor covering or as an elastic underlay for a walkable and / or passable floor covering.
In recent decades, elastic materials have found their way into various areas of the construction sector as well as underlay materials in industry.
A large area of application is e.g. in the field of sports field surfaces. For a long time, materials were used for such coverings that had a large proportion of quartz and sand and were accordingly inelastic.
This lack of elasticity was perceived by the athletes as very uncomfortable and also led to considerable strain and injuries to tendons, ligaments, muscles and joints. A number of years ago, users wished for a floor with properties similar to natural turf, which led to the development of elastic floor coverings and underlay coverings based on elastic synthetic resin particles, which were bound with the help of an elastic synthetic resin binder. In particular for economic reasons, it was common to use rubber waste particles, e.g. add used vehicle tires, etc. The products received met the requirements set by the athletes in the best possible way.
With increasing environmental awareness, however, this material aroused the unwillingness of environmental protection circles due to the content of the rubber
Heavy metals.
There was therefore an urgent need for a new material with all the advantages of the previous one but without any environmentally harmful, undesirable components. The simplest solution would be to omit the previous, heavy metal components of the fitting mixture without replacement. For economic reasons, however, this solution proved to be usable at most for individual cases.
The object of the invention was therefore to provide an elastic material which does not contain any environmentally harmful constituents, but nevertheless has the desired elasticity, durability, durability and resilience of the previously known materials.
Surprisingly, it has now been possible to obtain an excellent material by adding cork particles to the elastic synthetic resin particles and binding the mixture with a conventional synthetic resin binder which also remains elastic after hardening.
The elastic synthetic resin particles can consist of any synthetic elastomer previously used for this purpose, preferably in granular form, the rubber-elastic behavior of which is not reduced by aging or by temperature or other environmental influences. For example, the synthetic resins known under the general names EPDM and SBR have proven their worth. The particle size is advantageously on average about 1 to 5 mm, but it can vary depending on the need and field of application within known limits.
The cork is generally used in about the same grain size as the elastic synthetic resin. In addition to its elasticity, cork has the great advantage of not releasing any unwanted pollutants into the environment. In addition, it has a low specific weight, which means that the total weight of the material can be reduced considerably, which can be advantageous in the case of large surface areas, as well as in the production of panels, etc. Since cork is much softer than the usual elastic synthetic resins, the hardness of the material can also be controlled by the content of cork particles.
If desired, other usual additives can be incorporated into the mixture, e.g. Grit, sand, waste rubber, dyes, oxidants, antifreeze, etc.
To produce the materials according to the invention, the dry constituents, preferably in the form of granules, are first intimately mixed in a known manner and then mixed with the liquid binder either directly or after any storage, and this mixture is then applied in a known manner to the surface to be covered or in molds filled. Depending on the binder used and the environmental conditions, curing takes place more quickly or more slowly, as is well known to the person skilled in the art. The proportions of the components in the mixture are also known to the person skilled in the art and can be adapted to the respective requirements by simple experiments.
For special applications, the elastic material can also be reinforced with a reinforcement, e.g. in the form of an inlaid mesh made of natural and / or synthetic fibers or of a material or plastic.
The material is suitable e.g. as a walkable and / or drivable floor covering, in particular for many types of sports fields in both outdoor and indoor facilities. Particularly good results are obtained if the material according to the invention is used as an elastic underlay for other types of flooring that can be walked on and / or driven over, e.g.
under an artificial grass surface for soccer and other sports and playgrounds.
The material according to the invention can also be provided with a cover layer after hardening, which e.g.
is poured on to improve the mechanical strength of the surface and to prevent any ingress of dust, dirt and moisture.
The insulation properties inherent in cork and its low weight open up many additional areas of application for the new elastic material in the construction and industrial sectors.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH2445/86A CH666485A5 (en) | 1986-06-17 | 1986-06-17 | Elastic material contg. elastic resin particles, binder and cork - useful as base for floor or road, e.g. for indoor or outdoor sports stadium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH2445/86A CH666485A5 (en) | 1986-06-17 | 1986-06-17 | Elastic material contg. elastic resin particles, binder and cork - useful as base for floor or road, e.g. for indoor or outdoor sports stadium |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH666485A5 true CH666485A5 (en) | 1988-07-29 |
Family
ID=4233989
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH2445/86A CH666485A5 (en) | 1986-06-17 | 1986-06-17 | Elastic material contg. elastic resin particles, binder and cork - useful as base for floor or road, e.g. for indoor or outdoor sports stadium |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH666485A5 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2254084A (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1992-09-30 | Ikeda Bussan Co | Cork chip moulding |
CN1079048C (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2002-02-13 | 师永昌 | Plastic paving material |
WO2006109110A1 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-19 | Italgreen S.P.A. | Artificial turf structure and production method therefore |
EP2458108A1 (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-05-30 | Matthias Sommer | Cork floor covering |
CN109401353A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-01 | 广州市绣林康体设备有限公司 | Cork ground system and preparation method thereof |
GR20190100436A (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-05-19 | Γεωργιος Δημητριου Λαϊος | Composite floor-covering safety plate |
-
1986
- 1986-06-17 CH CH2445/86A patent/CH666485A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2254084A (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1992-09-30 | Ikeda Bussan Co | Cork chip moulding |
US5256478A (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1993-10-26 | Ikeda Bussan Co., Ltd. | Cork chip moulding |
GB2254084B (en) * | 1991-03-29 | 1994-12-14 | Ikeda Bussan Co | Automobile interior part comprising cork chip moulding |
CN1079048C (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2002-02-13 | 师永昌 | Plastic paving material |
WO2006109110A1 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-19 | Italgreen S.P.A. | Artificial turf structure and production method therefore |
EP2458108A1 (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-05-30 | Matthias Sommer | Cork floor covering |
CN109401353A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-01 | 广州市绣林康体设备有限公司 | Cork ground system and preparation method thereof |
GR20190100436A (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-05-19 | Γεωργιος Δημητριου Λαϊος | Composite floor-covering safety plate |
GR1010216B (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2022-03-24 | Γεωργιος Δημητριου Λαϊος | Composite floor-covering safety plate |
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Legal Events
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PL | Patent ceased |