CH617979A5 - Heat-insulating and sound-absorbing material - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to heat-insulating and sound-absorbing material for the construction of insulating structures.

The use of low thermal conductivity materials is known to achieve the insulation of walls, roofs and floors of civil and industrial buildings.

Generally these materials are produced and installed in the form of continuous panels or mattresses, while the use of loose insulating materials, in the form of granular or fibrous elements, is less frequent than, due to their wide availability and excellent coefficient of thermal conductivity, would be well suited for the use in question. On the other hand, whatever the type and shape of the insulating material used, it is known that the coefficient of thermal conductivity - which is normally measured after drying of the insulating material and that is to characterize the material itself - increases (worsens) rapidly in as a consequence of the humidity present in all practical applications, and for a good part of the insulating materials usually used, there is even a progressive physical degradation which can lead to a decisive compromise on the stability of the insulating structure and the functionality of the insulation.

The object of the present invention is a heat-insulating and sound-absorbing material. It is defined in claim 1.

The granules or fibers insulating elements can be made of normal or expanded cork or polystyrene or polyurethane or from asbestos or pumice or expanded clay, or from any other natural or synthetic material with a suitable (low) coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Bituminous waterproofing and protection products can consist of normal penetration bitumens between 40 and 220 dmm (tenths of a millimeter), or oxidized bitumen penetration between 10 and 40 dmm, or emulsions or normal or loaded bituminous solutions.

The insulating material can be used for the realization of insulating structures which actually have the theoretical thermal conductivity coefficient which characterizes the dried insulating material; moreover, these structures, being formed by waterproofed elements, are resistant to humidity.

Said insulating structures can be made in the following ways:

a) with loose materials and with laying in loose state and subsequent consolidation due to the setting of the binder and any compaction,

b) in porous prefabricated panels, that is made with the material and bonded by the binder,

c) in waterproof prefabricated panels, that is prefabricated with the material but prepared with compositions of maximum density and with cold or hot compression in order to obtain panels without intercommunicating intergranular voids,

d) in porous prefabricated coated panels, that is as in b) but with a special waterproof and protective coating on one or both sides (and possibly on the edges) obtained by applying one or more coats of suitable hot or cold bituminous product or other waterproofing and adhesive product, and a sheet or sheath of equally waterproof and protective material e

e) in coated prefabricated waterproof panels, that is as in c) but with a special waterproof and protective coating on one or both sides (and possibly on the edges) made as in d).

In table 1, the compositions of some insulating materials according to the invention are given by way of example.

yes me

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

3

617979

Composition% by weight

Examples

2 3

Granulated polystyrene foam

Granulated pumice

Expanded granulated clay

Hydrated lime

Portland Cement 325

Ground rubber powder

Bitumen Solea 40/50 dmm

Normal anionic bituminous emulsion

Bituminous emulsion loaded

9.8%

2.0%

75.5%

1.0% 23.5%

81.4% 2.0%

2.0% 14.6%

13.6%

2.9%

83.5%

88.2%

Thermal conductivity coefficient, Kcal / mh ° C

Average test temperature, ° C

0.043 20.1

0.128 20.2

0.134 20.1

0.040 20.2

The addition of the bituminous binder to the granular or fibrous insulating elements only slightly modifies the coefficient of thermal conductivity, as can be seen by comparing the values shown in the previous table with. 30 the original ones shown below:

35

40

Conductivity coefficient

thermal Kcal / mh ° C

- granulated expanded polystyrene:

0,029

at 20 ° C

- granulated pumice:

0,095

at 20 ° C

- granulated expanded clay:

0.075

at 20 ° C

Furthermore, as can still be seen from the examples in the table above, the thermal conductivity coefficient of 45 these insulating mixtures with bitumen is much lower than that relating to the walls to be insulated (bricks: 0.6 - 0.8 Kcal / mh ° C) and in any case it is normal for the materials used for insulation.

With reference again to said table, in the composition of the mixtures, the presence of small percentages of fillers (lime, cement, rubber powder) is noted:

these additions are motivated by the opportunity to give the mixtures greater stability and mechanical and thermal resistance according to the known technique of product additives and 55 bituminous compounds with calcareous «filler» and / or natural or synthetic elastomers.

The physical characteristics are evidently connected not only to the value of the thermal conductivity of the basic insulating elements used, but above all to the adhesive, binding, waterproofing and protective properties of the bituminous products used (possibly supplemented by the additional waterproofing and protection conferred by the sheets or from the coating sheaths in the case of the panels) and to the processes for preparing and applying the materials for the construction of the insulating structures, which respectively provide for the technological operations which are described below.

Loose insulating materials

The preparation of this type of materials takes place by mixing the granular or fibrous elements with normal or oxidized bitumen, hot, or with normal or loaded bituminous emulsions, cold, or with other suitable products, equally having adhesive binding properties, waterproofing and protective.

Depending on the type of insulating, granular or fibrous elements used, and on the type of binder, the mixing can be carried out in the usual mixing plants for road bituminous conglomerates or in normal boilers by asphalters equipped with agitators, or cold in concrete mixers , and must be continued until all the elements are completely coated with the binder.

The mixture, still in its dissolved state, is then installed on horizontal or inclined walls (foundation slabs of the floors or roof slabs) or in vertical cavities (spaces between two rows of brick in the walls) and, if necessary, it is constipated.

The mixture is consolidated by setting the binder and can be favored and increased by means of compaction.

Porous prefabricated panels

The mixture of the granular or fibrous elements with the binder is prepared first, as in the previous case.

The porous panels are then manufactured by compaction and partial thickening of the mixture in special formworks or on conveyor belts.

To accelerate the consolidation and therefore the production cycle, the panels can be passed through conditioned rooms (cooled or heated respectively if the insulating materials have been hot mixed with normal or oxidized bitumen, or cold with emulsion or bituminous solution).

The application of the prefabricated panels takes place with or without adhesion to the inclined vertical or horizontal facings to be insulated, or by simple insertion in cavities, and where possible, with sealing of the edges of the adjacent panels with a suitable product and bituminous compound (or heating in the case of binder previously applied on the edges of the panels during prefabrication).

617 979

The adhesion of the panels to the laying surface is obtained by prior application (spreading or spraying) of a coat of primer (bituminous primer to the solvent or cold bituminous emulsion) and, after drying, of an anchoring coat (normal bitumen or oxidized, hot).

It is still possible to resort to the fixing of the panels to the laying surface by means of metal staples which, if necessary, can also retain a support metal mesh for the application of a plaster on the face of the panels which may be visible.

Waterproof prefabricated panels

The preparation of the mixture and the panels takes place as in the previous case, but with the following particular warnings intended to achieve the waterproofing of the panels:

- use of an effective granulometric composition of the elements as close as possible to the granulometry of maximum theoretical density (Fuller parabola) corresponding to the maximum size of the elements used (see attached graph, in which on the abscissa axis they are reported at the bottom in mm the diameters of the circular holes indicated with the 0 sign or the sides ("openings") of the square meshes of the sieves indicated with the p sign and at the top the corresponding sizes of the sieves are indicated according to ASTM standards, while on the ordinate axis is indicated the percentage passing through the sieve on the left and the percentage retained on the sieve on the right; in this graph, with a double logarithmic abscissa scale, the parables of 2nd degree like that of Fuller are represented by straight lines;

4

- dosage of the binder commensurate with the intergranular voids to be filled and with a percentage of residual voids of less than 4%;

- total compaction (at constant volume) of the mixture, a

5 hot or cold depending on the type of binder used, also taking advantage of the deformability of some types of granular or fibrous insulating elements.

The application of waterproof prefabricated panels takes place in the same way as described for porous ones, with I the only warning that it is more necessary, where possible, to seal the edges of the adjacent panels.

Porous or waterproof prefabricated coated panels

The porous or waterproof panels 15 are first prepared as in the cases mentioned above respectively.

We then move on to applying the waterproof and protective coating on one or both sides of the panel (possibly also on the edges) with the following operations:

- coating or spraying of a waterproofing and adhesive product (normal or oxidized bitumen, hot, for example Solea bitumen with penetration between 10 and 220 dmm, or normal bitumen emulsion or loaded with bituminous solution, cold, etc. );

- bonding of waterproof / protective sheets (normal or monosiliconized Kraft 25 paper, polyethylene, smooth aluminum,

embossed or knurled, etc.) or bituminous paper felts or bituminous membranes or sheaths.

As regards the application of the prefabricated coated panels, what is already indicated for those not re-dressed is repeated.

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1 sheet of drawings

Claims (5)

617979 1. Heat-insulating and sound-absorbing material, characterized in that it is made up of granular or fibrous insulating elements, natural or synthetic, waterproofed and protected by mixing them with a bituminous product and consequently coated with an adhesive bitumen film. 2. Insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that the granular or fibrous elements are cork, polystyrene, normal or expanded polyurethanes or asbestos, pumice or expanded clay. 2 3. Insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that the bituminous product is normal penetration bitumen comprised between 40 and 220 tenths of a millimeter, or oxidized penetration bitumen comprised between 10 and 40 tenths of a millimeter, or emulsions or normal bituminous solutions or loaded. Use of the insulating material according to claim 1 for the realization of insulating structures. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that the insulating structures are made of loose materials, in porous prefabricated panels, in waterproof prefabricated panels, in coated porous prefabricated panels and in coated waterproof prefabricated panels.