CH230877A

CH230877A - Gasifier.

Info

Publication number: CH230877A
Authority: CH
Inventors: Generateurs Sag Societe An Des
Original assignee: Sag Societe Anonyme Des Genera
Priority date: 1943-06-10
Filing date: 1943-06-10
Publication date: 1944-02-15

Description

Gazogene. Gasogene.

Les gazogenes actuellement connus, du type campertant un foyer dans lequel une masse de combustible solide, par exemple du bois, du charbon de bois, est traversee par un courant gazeux et brüke @a.vec formation d'oxyde de carbone, lequel est evacue du foyer par ledit couraut gazeux, presentent l'inconvenient que les proportions relatives des constituants du gaz combustible fourni, sont tres variables selon 1e regime de marche du gazogene et, par cousequent, que 1e pou vo,iir calorifique,de ce gaz est egalement tres variable. En particulier, la teneur en oxyde ,de carbone du bmz fourni par le gazogäne varie dans de telles proportions, kaut meme si faible ä bag r ggime, que 1e gaz ne convient plus ä eertains moments aux buts auxquels il est destine. The currently known gasifiers, of the type camping a hearth in which a mass of solid fuel, for example wood, charcoal, is crossed by a gas stream and burns with the formation of carbon monoxide, which is evacuated hearth by said gas stream, have the disadvantage that the relative proportions of the constituents of the combustible gas supplied, are very variable according to the 1st mode of operation of the gasifier and, consequently, that the first power vo, iir calorific, of this gas is also very variable. In particular, the carbon oxide content of the gas supplied by the gasifier varies in such proportions, even if low at bag r gime, that the gas is no longer suitable at certain times for the purposes for which it is intended.

0n a trouve que ce defaut peut etre reme di6 lorsque 1e volume de la masse -de com bustible solide en ignition est proportionnel au debit du gaz demande au gazogene. It has been found that this defect can be remedied when the volume of the mass of solid fuel in ignition is proportional to the gas flow demanded from the gasifier.

La presente invention a donc pour objet un gazogene du type specifie ei-des5ns, four- The present invention therefore relates to a gasifier of the type specified ei-des5ns, four-

nissant un gaz dopt la constitution est prati quement constante, que son regime & marche passe du simple au quadrnple. creating a gas adopts the constitution is practically constant, whether its speed and rate passes from simple to quadruple.

Ce gazogene est caracterise en ce que la forme de son foy er et la disposition des ori fices,d'evacuation du courant gazeux hors -du foyer sont telles que plus .1e @debit de ce cou rant estgrand, plus 1e volume,de la masse de combustibl,e traversee par lui est grand. This gasogene is characterized in that the shape of its hearth and the arrangement of the orifices for evacuating the gas stream out of the hearth are such that the greater the flow rate of this current, the greater the volume of the mass of fuel traversed by it is large.

Le foyer de ce gazogene peut, en outre, etre entoure de deux enveloppas cylindriques constituant deug enceintes concentriques, Pen cessnte exterieure etant parcourue par Pair d'admission et 1'enceinte interieure par 1e cou rant gazeux sortant du foyer. L'air d'a:dmis sion se trouve ainsi prechauffe avant,de p6ne trer Jans 1e foyer et la temperatura de ce dernier peut, de ce fait, atteindre 1400 C. Il en resulte une .dkamposition des vapeurs de liquide que peut renfermer 1e gaz (eau, goudron, acides) et ce dernier sort du gazo gAne ä un tat de proprete tel qu'il peut etre utiliee directement, c'est-ä4dire sans avoir ete The hearth of this gasifier can, moreover, be surrounded by two cylindrical casings constituting two concentric enclosures, the outer cessnte being traversed by the admission air and the inner enclosure by the first gas stream leaving the hearth. The intake air is thus preheated before entering the hearth and the temperature of the latter can therefore reach 1400 C. This results in a dekamposition of the liquid vapors that may contain the gas (water, tar, acids) and the latter comes out of gasoline in a state of cleanliness such that it can be used directly, that is to say without having been

purifie par exemple par filtration ou conden sation. purifies for example by filtration or condensation.

Le dessin annexe represente, ä. eitre d'exemple, une forme d'exkution du gazogene faisant 1'objet de 1'invention, specialement ,destink ä, 1'alimentation @d'un dispositif de chauffage .de fours de boulangerie. The accompanying drawing represents, ä. By way of example, one form of execution of the gasifier object of the invention, especially intended for the supply of a heating device to bakery ovens.

La. fig. 1 est une vue en elevation, pa.r tiellement en coupe, de ce gazogene, et la fig. 2 est une coupe horizontale selon la ligne 11-II de la, fig. 1. The. fig. 1 is an elevational view, partially in section, of this gasifier, and FIG. 2 is a horizontal section along line 11-II of, FIG. 1.

Le gazogene represente a la forme gene rale d'un cylindre vertical. Il est morste Sur .des pieds 1. Il comparte une envedoppe exte rieure 2, en tble, presentant les ouvertures habituelles de chargement 3, -d'evacuation des cendres 4 et d'inspection 5. Il presente, dans sa Partie superieure, un reservoir 6 pour 1e combustible solide (bois, charbon de bois), reservoir qui est isole therTniquement de 1'exterieur par une double pa.roi formk de 1'enveloppe 2 et dune paroi interne 7 egale ment en töle. Un garnissage 8, en soie de verre ou autre isolant, assure une bonne iso lation thermique de ce reservoir. The gasifier has the general shape of a vertical cylinder. It is dead on .feet 1. It compares an outer casing 2, in tble, presenting the usual openings for loading 3, ash removal 4 and inspection 5. It presents, in its upper part, a tank 6 for the solid fuel (wood, charcoal), tank which is insulated thermically from the outside by a double wall formed from the envelope 2 and an internal wall 7 also made of sheet metal. A packing 8, made of glass silk or other insulation, ensures good thermal insulation of this reservoir.

Directement au-dessous de ce dernier se trouve le Foyer du .generateur. Ce foyer est en trois Parties, ä savoir une Partie 9, de forme gen6rale tronconique, dort la grande bare est en haut, une Partie 10 egalement troneonique, mais dort 1a gran;de bare est en bas, et uns Partie 11 cylin:drique. Comme an 1e voit, la -ma-jeure Partie du foyer est consti tuöe par sa Partie 10 mediane; 1'angle au som met du cöne -du tronc @de cöne de cette Partie 10 mesure 45 . Cette valeur est variable, eile ne depassera pas cependaut de pref@rence 50 . Directly below this is the Generator Hearth. This hearth is in three Parts, namely a Part 9, of generally frustoconical shape, sleeps the large bar is at the top, a Part 10 also frustoconical, but sleeps the large bar is at the bottom, and a cylindrical Part 11 . As seen, the -major Part of the hearth is constituted by its middle Part 10; the angle at the top of the cone - of the truncated cone of this Part 10 measures 45 . This value is variable, however it will preferably not exceed 50 .

Des tuyeres 12 d'admission d'air .sont dis posees dans la parie 9 du Foyer et des ori fices 13 d'evacuation sont prevus laterale ment dans la face cylindrique de la Partie 11 du foyer. Une grille 14 Ferme 1e Foyer ä sa. Partie inferieure et presente des orifices 15 d'evacuation,des cendres et du gaz. La grille 14 est maintenue par des consoles 16, de Sorte que 1'espace dispose au-dessous delle est en communication directe avec uns enceinte cylindrique 17 entourant le foyer. L'air in- Air intake nozzles 12 are disposed in part 9 of the hearth and evacuation orifices 13 are provided laterally in the cylindrical face of part 11 of the hearth. A grid 14 Closes the 1st Hearth to its. Lower part and presents orifices 15 for evacuation, ashes and gas. Grille 14 is held by brackets 16, so that the space below is in direct communication with a cylindrical enclosure 17 surrounding the hearth. The air in-

jeete par les tuy eres 12 traverse donc 1e Foyer de haut en bas et les gaz sortant du foyer par les orifices 13 et 15 passent daus 1'en ceinte 17, pour etre ensuite evacue par un tuyau 18 (fig. 2). thrown by the tuy eras 12 thus crosses the first hearth from top to bottom and the gases leaving the hearth through the orifices 13 and 15 pass daus the enclosure 17, to then be evacuated by a pipe 18 (fig. 2).

La. Partie inferieure du gazogene presente une enveloppe cylindrique cxterieure 19, une enveloppe en töle 20 entourant 1e Foyer et ä laquelle est fixe 1e garnissage 291 interne du Foyer et une enveloppe intermediaire 22. Ces trois enveloppes 19, 211 et 22 sont concentri ques et lais.sent entre elles des enceintes cylin driques concentriqiies dort 1'internc est 1'en eeinte 17 et dopt 1'externe est 1'enoeinte 23. Cette derniere enceinte regoit, pres de sa Partie inferieure, fair d'admission venant de l'exterieur. Cet air penetre tangentiellement daus 1'enceinte 23, de Sorte qu'il est anime Tun mouvement tourbillonnaire @dans cette enceinto 23. The lower part of the gasifier has an outer cylindrical casing 19, a sheet metal casing 20 surrounding the Hearth and to which the inner packing 291 of the Hearth is fixed and an intermediate casing 22. These three casings 19, 211 and 22 are concentric and lay between them concentric cylindrical enclosures sleeps the inner one is enclosure 17 and adopts the outer one is enclosure 23. This latter enclosure receives, near its lower part, admission from outside. This air penetrates tangentially into enclosure 23, so that it is driven by a whirlwind movement within this enclosure 23.

Le fonctionnement du gazogene qui viert d'Ure dkrit est 1e suivant: Le reservoir 6 est garni de combustible solide qui peut par exemple etre du bois ren fermant eneore 25'J d'humidite. Ce combusti ble descend par gravite dans 1e foyer et jusque Sur la grille 14. The operation of the gasifier which comes from the Ure described is as follows: The tank 6 is lined with solid fuel which can for example be wood still containing 25'J of humidity. This fuel descends by gravity into the hearth and onto grid 14.

Un di-spositif d'allumage est prevu en 24 au niveau des tuyeres 12. Il consiste en une torche fixes ä un bouchon filete 25. plack ä 1'interieur du dispositif 24, lequel re@oit de Pair pris en .derivation Sur la. conduite d"ad mission d'air. Cet air derive de la eonduite d'admission entretient la torohe en combus tion et les flammes de celle-ei penetrent dans 1.e Foyer. Lorsque ce dernier est allume, 1'ame nee d'air au dispositif 24 est interrompue et tout Fair d'admission est introduit dann Ven ceinte `23 en tourbillonnant. Cet nir morste dans cette eiiceinte pour atteindre les tuyeres 7.2 et penetrer dann la Partie 9 du foy er. De 1ä, il traverse 1e foyer de haut en bas et 1e ga.z forme est reeolte dass 1'enceinte 17 pour etre evacue par 1e tuyau 18. An ignition device is provided at 24 at the level of the nozzles 12. It consists of a torch fixed to a threaded plug 25. placed inside the device 24, which receives Air taken in .derivation On the . air inlet duct. This air diverted from the inlet duct keeps the torohe burning and the flames from the latter enter the Hearth. When the latter is lit, the soul air to device 24 is interrupted and all intake air is introduced into Ven enclosure 23 while swirling. from top to bottom and the gas formed is collected in enclosure 17 to be evacuated through pipe 18.

Crke au garnissage 21, 1e foyer est isole thermiquement de 1'exterieur et, par conse quent, sa temperature peut atteindre 1400" C. En outre, fair d'admission circulant dans Created in packing 21, the hearth is thermally insulated from the outside and, therefore, its temperature can reach 1400"C.

1'enceinte 23 est chauffe par 1e gaz cireulant düns 17. Ce prechauffage de Fair d'admis:sion eoncourt encore ä maintenir une temperature elevee :dans 1e Foyer. Il s'ensuit que Feau con tenue idans 1e combustible solide est dissoci@e en hydrogene et en oxygene, ce dernier .con courant ä la Formation tl'oxyde de carbone. Les goudrons et les acides fo:rmes par la dis tillation du bois sont obliges de passer ä tra vers 1e foy :er et y subiss.ent une dkomposition (cracking) qui est telle que 1e gaz resultant ne renferme pratiquement plus de composants condensables: ä la temperature ordinaire. Ce gaz peut donc etre utilise directement, meine pour 1e: chauffage d'un Tour :de boulanbgerie, sans necessiter @d'etre filtre ou passe ä travers des condenseurs. the enclosure 23 is heated by the first gas circulating düns 17. This preheating of air admission: econcourt still maintain a high temperature: in the first hearth. It follows that the water contained within the solid fuel is dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen, the latter conducive to the formation of carbon monoxide. The tars and acids formed by the distillation of the wood are forced to pass through the hearth and there undergo decomposition (cracking) which is such that the resulting gas contains practically no more condensable components: at ordinary temperature. This gas can therefore be used directly, even for heating a bakery tower, without the need to be filtered or passed through condensers.

Lorsque la demande en gaz :est faible. tont 1e gaz sortant du Foyer est Avacu par les orifices lateraux 13. Comme ces: orifices sont -de forme allongee dann 1e sens vertic.al. le gaz passe ä travers leur Partie superieure lorsque son debit est Faible, ainsn que 1e mon trent les fläches 26. Plus le,debit .du gaz aug mente, plus la section des orifices 13 balayee par 1e ga.z esti grande. Enfin, quand la de mande en gaz est tres grande, celui-ci sort du foyer non seulement par les orifices 13, mais egalement par ceux 15 de 1a grille. 0n voit donc que, lo:rsque la demande en gaz est faible, la Partie :du foyer travers6e par 1e courant gazeux est Gelle se trouvant sur le plus Court chemin :entre les tuyeres 12 et 1,9 rebord infe rieur .de la Partie 10. Dans Ges eonditions, un Petit volume,de 1a masse de combustible, se trouvant Jans 1e Foyer, est traverse par 1e gaz. Plus 1a demande en gaz augmente, plus 1e volume de la masse de combustible travers4 par 1e courant gazeux augmente, la pai@tie de rette masse non traversee par 1e courant ga zeux formant un Gene au milieu du Foyer. Ce töne diminue au fur et @ä mesure que la d:e mande en gaz augmente, jusqu'au moment oii tout 1e volume des Parties 10 et 11 :du Foyer est t: avers-e par 1e courant gazeux. 0n voit donc que Je volume de la masse de combusti ble leche par 1e courant ga.zeux est approxi mativement proportionnel au debit de ce cou- When gas demand: is low. tont the first gas leaving the Hearth is Evacuated by the side orifices 13. As these: orifices are -de elongated shape dann the first vertic.al direction. the gas passes through their upper part when its flow rate is low, as shown by the arrows 26. The more the flow rate of the gas increases, the greater the section of the orifices 13 swept by the gas. Finally, when the demand for gas is very high, it leaves the hearth not only through the orifices 13, but also through those 15 of the grid. It is therefore seen that, when the demand for gas is low, the Part: of the hearth through which the gas stream passes is Gelle being on the Shortest path: between the tuyeres 12 and 1,9 lower edge of Part 10. In these conditions, a small volume of the mass of fuel, located near the Hearth, is traversed by the gas. The more the demand for gas increases, the more the volume of the mass of fuel traversed by the gas stream increases, the portion of this mass not traversed by the gas stream forming a Gene in the middle of the Hearth. This tone decreases as the demand for gas increases, until the entire volume of Parts 10 and 11 of the Hearth is engulfed by the gas stream. It can therefore be seen that the volume of the mass of fuel leached by the gas stream is approximately proportional to the flow rate of this flow.

raut. Il en räsulte que les temperatures et 1ä marche des reactions .qui se produisent sont pAiatilquement toujours les. meines @dans les ,diffärentes Parties du foyer en ignition, ce qui assure une regularite de la constitution du gaz non seulement au point @de vue quali tatif, mais egalement au point de vue quan titatif. rut. As a result, the temperatures and the rate of the reactions which occur are practically always the same. same @ in the different Parts of the hearth in ignition, which ensures a regularity of the constitution of the gas not only from the qualitative point of view, but also from the quantitative point of view.

Grace ä la constance de la qualite du gaz qu'il fournit et ä la purete de ce gaz, 1e gazo g6ne que Von vient de decrire peut eire utilise Jans tous les cm auxquels les .gazogenes sont des@tines, sann necessiter d'etre complete par des :dispositifs auxiliaires .de filtration, -de sechage et d'epuration :du gaz. Thanks to the constancy of the quality of the gas that it supplies and to the purity of this gas, the gene gas that we have just described can be used in all the cm for which the gas genera are intended, without needing to be complete with: auxiliary devices .filtration, -drying and purification: gas.

Claims

Gasogene .of the type comprising a hearth in which a mass of fuel: solid is crossed by a gas stream and burned with formation of carbon monoxide, which is evacuated from the hearth by said gas stream, characterized in that the shape of the Hearth and the arrangement of the orifices @d'.6vacation out of the hearth of said gas stream are such that the greater the first .debit of this stream, the greater the volume of the mass of fuel travers6e by it. SUB-CLAIMS: 1. Gas plant according to claim, characterized in that a Part within its Hearth has the shape of a trono de cone whose small base is turned towards, sf 1st top and dopt the vertex angle measures at most 50 .

2. Gasogene according to claim and sub-claim 1, characterized in that said part of the combustion chamber is traversed by the gas stream in the direction from the small base to the large base of the truncated cone.

3. Gasogene: according to claim and sub-claim 1, characterized in that said Part constitutes at least the major part: of the hearth, yer.

4. Gasogene according to claim, .carac t6rise in that its hearth has evacuation openings: side.

5. Gazobene according to 1a. claim- and sub-claim 4, characterized in that its hearth has a cylindrical part at the exit right of the gas stream, this cylindrical part having orifices for evacuation -in its cylindrical face and in its base.

6. Gasogene according to claim, charac terized in that its hearth is enclosed in a cylin.drique envelope traversed externally by the first bazeux current leaving the Hearth.

7. Gazobene according to claim and sub-claim 6, characterized in that its

hearth is also surrounded by two envelopes cylindrical@s constituting two con centric enclosures, the exterior being traversed by Fair admission and the interior by the first bazeu.x current leaving the Hearth. B. Gazobene according to claim and sub-claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the intake air is driven by a swirling movement in the outer enclosure.