JP2000044965A - Preparation of wood or bamboo pyroligneous acid and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare pyroligneous acid of excellent quality by a simple apparatus without generating benzpyrene harmful to humans by effecting carbonization of a material in the range of low temperatures. SOLUTION: The method for preparing wood or bamboo pyroligneous acid comprises a material feed step of feeding wood or bamboo to a carbonizing oven; a carbonization step of decomposing and carbonizing the organic substances which are the major components of the fed wood or bamboo; and a recovery step of cooling the decomposition gas evolved in the carbonization step and recovering the organic substances contained in the decomposition gas; and regulating the temperature of the decomposition gas evolved upon carbonization to 80-180 deg.C and/or the temperature within the oven to 180-550 deg.C by controlling the amount of air to be fed into the carbonizing oven to adjust the amount of the decomposition gas to be evolved. Further, the remaining charcoal after having prepared wood or bamboo pyroligneous acid is soft and porous due to the low temperature carbonization and can be used as a soil improver, a water quality improver and the like.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to wood vinegar widely used as a raw material for medicine, a raw material for industrial use, a raw material for deodorant, a feed additive, a mordant, a raw material for wood preservatives, a pesticide reducing agent, a soil improvement auxiliary and the like. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for efficiently producing a liquid or bamboo vinegar liquid. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for carbonizing wood or bamboo to produce wood vinegar or bamboo acetic acid in a low-temperature region when producing wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar.

[0002]

[Prior Art] According to "How to use and make pesticides with wood vinegar and charcoal" supervised by Sadayoshi Kishimoto, the use of wood vinegar in agriculture has been studied in Japan until around the 1950's. However, with the advent of chemical pesticides, the research was abolished. Furthermore, in the latter half of the 1950's, the charcoal burning, which collects and produces wood vinegar, was abolished due to the widespread use of petroleum products. However, with the correction of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and the spread of organic pesticide cultivation, the efficacy of wood vinegar has recently been reviewed.

[0003] The production of wood vinegar includes a charcoal kiln system, an open hearth furnace, an ogre charcoal oven, and a dry distillation method. The charcoal kiln system is a method of collecting smoke generated when burning charcoal from wood. The wood vinegar solution is of good quality with less harmful tar content. The open hearth method can use okakuzu, sawmill waste, etc., and can be mass-produced and has stable quality, but the collected wood vinegar contains a large amount of tar and is harmful depending on the material used. Care must be taken as substances may be introduced. The dry distillation method involves heating from the outside to carbonize the material, and requires a purification step because it contains many components such as tar and alcohol.

As shown in FIG. 2, the structure of a charcoal kiln that has become widespread in various places has a kiln bottom 102, a kiln wall 103, and a ceiling 1.
04, a flue gas outlet 105 and a kiln opening 106 are provided on the kiln bottom side of the carbonizing chamber 101 so as to face each other.
In a charcoal kiln having a chimney 107 and a chimney 108 connected to a smoke outlet 105, a smoke collecting pipe 109 for collecting smoke at an outlet of the chimney 108 and an inclined pipe 110 connected to the smoke collecting pipe 109 are provided. The smoke (decomposed gas) is cooled while passing through the pipe 110, and the organic components in the smoke are condensed to form a crude wood vinegar. The crude wood vinegar flows backward in the inclined pipe 110, and a collecting pipe 111 for collecting the liquid is attached to a connection between the smoke collecting pipe 109 and the inclined pipe 110.

[0005] Carbonization of wood is performed by laying twigs, scents and the like on the bottom of the kiln, arranging timber vertically, stacking twigs and the like on top of this, forming a ceiling on top of this with earth and the like, and igniting from the kiln opening 106. , To watch the ignition and to carbonize the material during closing the kiln opening 106. At that time, the color of the smoke coming out of the chimney determines the conditions inside the kiln and the timing for collecting the wood vinegar. The collection of wood vinegar is initially discarded because it contains a large amount of water vapor, and is started after the flue gas temperature reaches about 80 ° C or the color of the smoke becomes grayish brown, and the color of the smoke is the same as that of the tobacco. The operation was stopped when the color became bluish (about 180 ° C).

[0006]

The wood vinegar is merely a by-product of producing charcoal. Therefore, the temperature in the kiln is not controlled for collecting the wood vinegar, and the temperature of the flue Or, it was judged based on the color of the smoke. In addition, since the main purpose is the production of charcoal, the material is easily available, and it is used in mountainous areas where a charcoal kiln can be installed, and wood chips and wood chips have not been used. Also,
Charcoal baking can be performed with a simple device in which a drum can or the like is improved, and wood vinegar can be collected. However, there is a problem in the durability of the kiln. In addition, charcoal burning in an urban area or the like has a problem in that it is difficult to install because of the problem of smoke emission.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present inventors have as their main object to produce wood vinegar, which is a device which is relatively simple and can be produced even in an urban area. As a result of research on a method for producing a wood vinegar liquid containing a small amount of water and a device therefor, the following production method and a device therefor have been developed. When recovering the wood vinegar, harmful substances such as benzopyrene are mainly contained in the tar content, and it has been found that the recovery of the tar content can be reduced by collecting smoke at 150 ° C. or lower. In order to collect smoke at this temperature, it is necessary to carbonize the furnace while keeping the carbonization temperature within the kiln as low as possible. It is said that in the case of a general charcoal kiln, the ceiling temperature in the charcoal kiln should be 425 ° C. or less.

[0008] The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and is a wood vinegar for cooling a decomposition gas generated when carbonizing wood or bamboo, and recovering a wood vinegar solution or a bamboo vinegar solution from the decomposition gas. In the method for producing a liquid or bamboo vinegar liquid, a material supply step of supplying wood or bamboo material to a carbonization kiln, a carbonization step of decomposing and carbonizing an organic substance that is a main component of the supplied wood or bamboo material, Cooling the generated cracked gas and recovering the organic components contained in the cracked gas, and adjusting the amount of air supplied to the carbonizing furnace to thereby control the temperature of the cracked gas generated during carbonization. To 80
-180 ° C and / or 180-550 ° C at furnace temperature
And a method for producing a wood vinegar or a bamboo vinegar in which the amount of the decomposed gas generated is adjusted by controlling the temperature to be within the above range.

In a wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar production apparatus for cooling and collecting smoke generated when carbonizing wood or bamboo, a flue and a material for discharging decomposition gas are supplied to an upper portion or a ceiling portion of the main body. A carbonization kiln provided with a supply port, a heat exchanger provided in the middle of the flue and recovering organic components contained in the cracked gas, and the flue upstream or downstream of the heat exchanger And an air volume adjustment damper for adjusting the amount of air introduced into the carbonization furnace, a thermometer installed in the carbonization furnace and / or the stack, and a thermometer so that the measured value of the thermometer falls within a predetermined range. This is an apparatus for producing wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar, comprising a control unit for controlling the opening of the air volume adjustment damper.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION According to the method for producing wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar of the present invention, wood chips and wood chips or bamboo chips as raw materials are supplied into a carbonization kiln from a material supply port attached to the ceiling of the kiln. Then, after the raw material reaches a predetermined amount in the carbonization kiln, a high-temperature hot air is sent into the carbonization kiln from the hot blast furnace provided in the carbonization kiln, and the temperature in the carbonization kiln near the hot air blowing is about 300 ° C. Is reached, and the supply of hot air from the hot blast stove is gradually stopped. Thereafter, the opening of the air volume adjustment damper in front of the suction fan is controlled so that the temperature in the carbonizing kiln becomes 180 to 550 ° C., preferably 250 to 420 ° C., and the amount of air taken into the carbonizing kiln is adjusted. By doing so, the amount of decomposition gas generated when the material in the carbonization furnace is carbonized is adjusted.

The temperature at which the thermal decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, which are the main constituent components of the raw materials, is promoted is 180-300 ° C. for hemicellulose and 24 for cellulose 24.
The temperature is 0 to 400 ° C. and the lignin is 280 to 550 ° C. If the temperature in the kiln is kept at 180 to 550 ° C., the thermal decomposition of the raw material is performed. At this time, desirably 250 to 420
If the temperature is kept at ℃, generation of harmful substances such as benzopyrene is small, and a high quality wood vinegar can be produced. In addition, the opening of the air volume adjustment damper attached to the flue is adjusted so that the measured value of the thermometer attached near the junction between the kiln and the flue is 80 to 180 ° C, preferably 100 to 150 ° C. Thus, a high-quality wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar can be produced in the same manner as when the temperature of the carbonization furnace is controlled.

The apparatus for producing wood vinegar of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a carbonization furnace. The carbonization kiln 1 is a cylindrical closed tower type, in which a refractory material is adhered, and a coal discharge port 2 and an air intake port 3 are installed at the bottom of the kiln. 4 is a hot blast stove.
The hot blast stove 4 includes a burner 5 and is connected to the carbonization kiln 1, generates hot air by burning the burner 5, and ignites the material in the kiln at the start of carbonization. Reference numeral 6 denotes a material supply port provided with double air lock dampers 7a and 7b, which is attached to the ceiling of the carbonizing furnace 1. 8
Is a flue connected to the upper side surface of the carbonization furnace 1. The flue 8 has a heat exchanger 10 via a cyclone separator 9 and a bypass flue 12 which bypasses the heat exchanger.
Are connected. Further, a suction fan 13 is attached to an end of the flue, and an air volume adjustment damper 11 is provided upstream of the suction fan 13. The heat exchanger 10 and the bypass flue 12 connected to the flue 8
Switching dampers 14 and 15 are provided on the inlet side of the switch. On the discharge side of the suction fan 13, the exhaust flue 1
6 is connected and connected to a smoke removing furnace 18 via a tar collecting device 17.

In the production of wood vinegar using the above equipment, carbonized materials such as wood chips and wood chips or bamboo chips are transported to the material supply port 6 using a transport device (not shown). The supplied material accumulates on the upper airlock damper 7a provided in the material supply port 6, and when a predetermined weight is reached, the damper 7a opens, and the material on the damper 7a moves to the lower damper 7b. At the same time, the damper 7a is closed.
When the entire amount of the material moves onto the damper 7b, the damper 7b opens with its weight, and the material is supplied into the carbonization furnace 1. As described above, when one of the upper and lower dampers is open, one of the dampers is in a closed state, so that leakage of air or the like can be prevented even when the material or the like is supplied.

Materials supplied into the carbonizing furnace 1 are as follows.
Is supplied to a level slightly lower than the bottom of the flue 8 attached to the upper side surface of the stack. When the supply of the carbonized material is completed, the operation of the suction fan 13 is started, the burner 5 of the hot stove 4 is ignited, and the thermometer 2 installed at the outlet of the hot stove 4
The burning amount of the burner and the opening degree of the air volume adjusting damper 11 are adjusted so that the measured value of 2 becomes about 500 ° C. On the other hand, on the side surface of the carbonizing furnace 1, a thermometer for monitoring the temperature in the carbonizing furnace is installed at a plurality of places, for example, two places 23 and 24, in the carbonizing furnace to monitor the temperature in the carbonizing furnace.

When the measured value of the thermometer 23 reaches 300 ° C., the hot blast stove is gradually stopped while monitoring the condition in the carbonization furnace, and the supply of hot air is stopped. The measurement values of the thermometers attached to the carbonization furnace 1 and the flue 8
Thermometer 23 which is all input to 0 and attached to the carbonization kiln
The opening of the air volume adjusting damper 11 is controlled so that the measured values of and 24 become 250 to 420 ° C., and the amount of air to be taken into the carbonization furnace 1 from the air intake 3 is adjusted. Alternatively, even if the opening of the air volume adjusting damper 11 is adjusted so that the measured value of the thermometer 21 installed near the junction between the flue 8 and the carbonizing furnace 1 becomes 80 to 150 ° C., Temperature 2
It can be 50-420 ° C.

Since the cracked gas generated in the carbonization furnace contains debris of the carbonized material, etc., a cyclone 9 is installed on the upstream side of the heat exchanger 10 to remove and recover these debris, and to recover the recovered organic material. They are not included in the ingredients. At the start of carbonization, since the moisture contained in the carbonized material evaporates, the heat exchanger inlet damper 14 is closed, the bypass flue 12 inlet damper 15 is opened, and installed near the junction between the flue and the carbonizing furnace. When the measured value of the thermometer 21 becomes 80 ° C. or higher, the damper 14 is opened and the damper 15 is closed,
The pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization furnace is cooled by passing through the heat exchanger 10 to condense the organic components (wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar) in the gas, and the wood vinegar attached to the lower part of the heat exchanger 10 In the bamboo vinegar liquid recovery tank 19, the crude wood vinegar liquid or the crude bamboo vinegar liquid is stored. Thermometer 21 installed in flue 8
When the measured value of the temperature becomes 150 ° C. or more, the damper 14
And 15 are switched, the passage of the pyrolysis gas is switched to the bypass side, and the collection of the wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar is stopped. The crude wood vinegar solution or crude bamboo vinegar solution produced in this way contains a small amount of tar, so that light oil and tar are separated in a separately provided aging tank for about 1 to 3 months. After that, it is with the product.

Further, in the cracked gas after recovering the organic component in the cracked gas or in the cracked gas after stopping the recovery, the tar component is contained, and the exhaust flue 16 is enlarged. A tar recovery device 17 for reducing the flow rate of the cracked gas flowing through the enlarged portion and further changing the flow direction of the cracked gas to remove tar components contained in the cracked gas;
A smoke removing furnace 18 is installed on the downstream side. The wood vinegar solution produced in this way did not confirm the presence of harmful ventuspyrene.

[0018]

The wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar produced using the production method and apparatus according to the present invention carbonizes the material in a low temperature range, so that there is no generation of benzpyrene which is harmful to the human body, and a simple apparatus is used. It is possible to produce wood vinegar of excellent quality. The remaining charcoal produced from the wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar is carbonized at a low temperature, so that it is soft and porous, and can be used as a soil improving material, a water quality improving material, and the like. Further, the apparatus of the present invention has an excellent effect that it is possible to install a smoke suppression facility, and it is possible to install the apparatus in an industrial park where sawmills are gathered, such as in an urban area.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall arrangement longitudinal sectional view of a wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventionally used charcoal kiln type wood vinegar production apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbonization kiln 3 Air intake 6 Supply port 8 Flue 10 Heat exchanger 11 Air volume adjustment damper 12 Suction fan 20 Control part 21, 22, 23, 24 Thermometer

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar, wherein a decomposition gas generated when carbonizing wood or bamboo is cooled and a wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar is recovered from the decomposition gas. A material supply step to be supplied to the kiln, a carbonization step of decomposing and carbonizing an organic substance that is a main component of the supplied wood or bamboo material, and an organic substance contained in the decomposition gas by cooling a decomposition gas generated in the carbonization step A recovery step of recovering the components, and by adjusting the amount of air supplied into the carbonization furnace, the temperature of the decomposition gas generated during carbonization and / or
Alternatively, a method for producing a wood vinegar solution or a bamboo vinegar solution, comprising controlling the temperature in the carbonization furnace within a predetermined range and adjusting the amount of the decomposition gas generated. 2. The decomposition gas temperature range is 80 to 180 ° C.
The method for producing a wood vinegar solution or a bamboo vinegar solution according to claim 1, wherein 3. The temperature range in the carbonization furnace is 180 to 55.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is 0 ° C. 4. A wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar production apparatus for cooling and collecting smoke generated when carbonizing wood or bamboo, wherein a flue and material for discharging decomposition gas to an upper portion or a ceiling portion of the main body. A carbonization kiln provided with a supply port for supplying a gas, a heat exchanger provided in the middle of the flue, for recovering organic components contained in the cracked gas, and an upstream or downstream side of the heat exchanger. An air volume adjustment damper installed in the flue and adjusting the amount of air introduced into the carbonizing furnace, a thermometer installed in the carbonizing furnace and / or the flue, and the measured value of the thermometer falls within a predetermined range. An apparatus for producing a wood vinegar or a bamboo vinegar, comprising: a control unit for controlling an opening of the air volume adjustment damper.