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CA2561711A1 - Optical mode noise averaging device - Google Patents

Optical mode noise averaging device Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2561711A1
CA2561711A1 CA002561711A CA2561711A CA2561711A1 CA 2561711 A1 CA2561711 A1 CA 2561711A1 CA 002561711 A CA002561711 A CA 002561711A CA 2561711 A CA2561711 A CA 2561711A CA 2561711 A1 CA2561711 A1 CA 2561711A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
multimode optical
multimode
cyclically
optical device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002561711A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2561711C (en
Inventor
Bernard Patrick Masterson
Eric C. Huelson
Ian S. Smith
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OnPoint Technologies LLC
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2004/010048 external-priority patent/WO2004090496A2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2561711A1 publication Critical patent/CA2561711A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2561711C publication Critical patent/CA2561711C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
    • G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/07—Controlling or regulating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0218—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/027—Control of working procedures of a spectrometer; Failure detection; Bandwidth calculation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0297—Constructional arrangements for removing other types of optical noise or for performing calibration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
    • G01J3/108—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry for measurement in the infrared range
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0014—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation from gases, flames
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0014—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation from gases, flames
    • G01J5/0018—Flames, plasma or welding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/58—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using absorption; using extinction effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35341—Sensor working in transmission
    • G01D5/35345—Sensor working in transmission using Amplitude variations to detect the measured quantity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0818—Waveguides
    • G01J5/0821—Optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/14—Mode converters

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

An optical mode noise averaging device (300) including a multimode optical fiber (302) and means (308) for averaging a modal noise induced signal level variation of light propagating within the multimode optical fiber (302). The device may average modal noise induced signal level variations by cyclically varying an index of refraction of the multimode optical fiber (302) over a select period of time, scrambling a light distribution within the multimode optical fiber (302), or both. The index of refraction of the multimode optical fiber may be cyclically varied by cyclically varying the temperature of the multimode optical fiber (302). Alternatively, the index for refraction may be varied or the light distribution within the multimode optical fiber may be scrambled by cyclically manipulating the multimode optical fiber (302).

Claims (28)

1. An optical device comprising:
a multimode optical fiber; and means for averaging a modal noise induced signal level variation of light propagating within the multimode optical fiber.
2. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the means for averaging comprises one of:
means for cyclically varying an index of refraction of the multimode optical fiber over a select period of time; and means for scrambling a light distribution within the multimode optical fiber.
3. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the means for averaging comprises one of means for cyclically varying the temperature of the multimode optical fiber;
and means for cyclically manipulating the multimode optical fiber.
4. The optical device of claim 3 wherein the means for cyclically manipulating the multimode optical fiber comprises an apparatus configured to perform at least one of:
twisting the multimode optical fiber;
stretching the multimode optical fiber;
shaking the multimode optical fiber.
5. The optical device of claim 3 wherein the means for cyclically varying the temperature of the multimode optical fiber comprises a thermal element in thermal communication with the multimode optical fiber, the thermal element comprising at least one of a heater, a cooler, a source of fluid heated above ambient temperature and a source of fluid cooled below ambient temperature.
6. The optical device of claim 3 further comprising:
a temperature sensor in thermal contact with the multimode optical fiber; and a controller receiving input from the temperature sensor and controlling the means for cyclically varying the temperature of the multimode optical fiber.
7. A method of time averaging modal noise induced signal strength variations in multimode optical fiber having an input and an output, the method comprising:
coupling light to the input of the multimode optical fiber;
cyclically varying an index of refraction of the multimode optical fiber; and receiving the light at the output of the multimode optical fiber.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the index of refraction of the multimode optical fiber is varied by one of:
cyclically varying the temperature of the multimode optical fiber; and cyclically manipulating the multimode optical fiber.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of cyclically varying the temperature of the multimode optical fiber comprises providing a thermal component in thermal communication with the multimode optical fiber.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
providing a temperature sensor in thermal communication with the multimode optical fiber; and controlling the thermal component with a controller receiving input from the temperature sensor.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of cyclically manipulating the multimode optical fiber comprises at least one of:
twisting the multimode optical fiber;
stretching the multimode optical fiber;
shaking the multimode optical fiber.
12. An optical device for averaging a modal noise induced signal level variation of light comprising:
a multimode optical fiber;
a thermal element in thermal contact with the multimode optical fiber.
13. The optical device of claim 12 further comprising:
a temperature sensor in thermal contact with the multimode optical fiber; and a controller receiving input from the temperature sensor and controlling the thermal element.
14. The optical device of claim 12 further comprising:
a heat sink in thermal contact with the thermal element; and a fan in fluid communication with the heat sink.
15. The optical device of claim 12 further comprising a spool supporting a select length of the multimode optical fiber substantially in thermal contact with the thermal element.
16. The optical device of claim 12 wherein the select length of the multimode optical fiber is between 55m and 100m.
17. The optical device of claim 12 wherein the thermal element comprises at least one of a thermoelectric module, a resistive heater, an infrared heater, a chemical heater, a refrigeration device, a chemical cooler, a source of fluid cooled below ambient temperature and a source of fluid heated above ambient temperature.
18. An optical device for averaging a modal noise induced signal level variation of light comprising:
a multimode optical fiber;
a manipulation apparatus operatively associated with the multimode optical fiber.
19. The optical device of claim 18 wherein the manipulation apparatus performs a mechanical manipulation of the multimode optical fiber comprising at least one of stretching a select length of the multimode optical fiber, twisting a select portion of the multimode optical fiber, and shaking a select length of the multimode optical fiber.
20. The optical device of claim 18 wherein the manipulation apparatus comprises a piezo stretcher.
21. The optical device of claim 20 wherein the piezo stretcher is configured to stretch the multimode optical fiber through a sequence of oscillations which are selected to produce an optical mode shift of 180 degrees at minimum and maximum stretching distances.
22. The optical device of claim 18 wherein the manipulation apparatus comprises a motor.
23. The optical device of claim 22 wherein the motor is configured to cyclically twist a first portion of the multimode optical fiber in alternate clockwise and counterclockwise directions with respect to a lengthwise axis of the multimode optical fiber and relative to a second fixed portion of the multimode optical fiber.
24. A combustion sensing apparatus comprising a catch-side optical system comprising:
a multimode optical fiber;
means for averaging a modal noise induced signal level variation of light propagating within the multimode optical fiber.
25. The combustion sensing apparatus of claim 24 wherein the means for averaging comprises one of:
means for cyclically varying an index of refraction of the multimode optical fiber over a select period of time; and means for scrambling a light distribution within the multimode optical fiber.
26. The combustion sensing apparatus of claim 24 wherein the means for averaging comprises one of:
means for cyclically varying the temperature of the multimode optical fiber;
and means for cyclically manipulating the multimode optical fiber.
27. The combustion sensing apparatus of claim 26 wherein the means for cyclically manipulating the multimode optical fiber comprises an apparatus configured to perform at least one of:
twisting the multimode optical fiber;
stretching the multimode optical fiber;

shaking the multimode optical fiber.
28. The combustion sensing apparatus of claim 26 wherein the means for cyclically varying the temperature of the multimode optical fiber comprises a thermal element in thermal communication with the multimode optical fiber comprising at least one of a heater, a cooler, a source of fluid heated above ambient temperature and a source of fluid cooled below ambient temperature.
CA2561711A 2004-03-31 2005-02-02 Optical mode noise averaging device Expired - Lifetime CA2561711C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
USPCT/US2004/010048 2004-03-31
PCT/US2004/010048 WO2004090496A2 (en) 2003-03-31 2004-03-31 Method and apparatus for the monitoring and control of combustion
PCT/US2005/002853 WO2005103781A1 (en) 2004-03-31 2005-02-02 Optical mode noise averaging device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2561711A1 true CA2561711A1 (en) 2005-11-03
CA2561711C CA2561711C (en) 2012-12-18

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CA2561711A Expired - Lifetime CA2561711C (en) 2004-03-31 2005-02-02 Optical mode noise averaging device

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EP (1) EP1730563A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2007534983A (en)
KR (1) KR101212439B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1938621B (en)
AU (1) AU2005236385A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2561711C (en)
WO (1) WO2005103781A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1730563A4 (en) 2011-11-16
KR20060135850A (en) 2006-12-29
CN1938621A (en) 2007-03-28
CN1938621B (en) 2015-04-01
EP1730563A1 (en) 2006-12-13
WO2005103781A1 (en) 2005-11-03
AU2005236385A1 (en) 2005-11-03
JP2007534983A (en) 2007-11-29
CA2561711C (en) 2012-12-18
KR101212439B1 (en) 2012-12-14

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