CA2555225A1 - Filter means for sealed glazing units - Google Patents

Abstract

Filter means for use with a glazing panel comprising at least an exterior pane and an interior pane and means supporting the perimeters of the panes to provide an internal air space therebetween, either of the panes having a through hole, the filter means is adapted to attach to the pane having the through hole and filter air passing through the hole, the filter means comprises a patch having one or more thin slits therein, the width of the one or more slits being narrow enough to limit ingress of moisture droplets from ambient air when the temperature and pressure of the air in the air space are less than ambient and wide enough to permit the egress of moisture-laden air from the air space when the air space temperature and pressure are elevated relative to ambient and the overall length of the one or more slits being determined so as to provide a required open area for the filter means.

Description

FILTER MEANS FOR SEALED GLAZING UNITS
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to filter means for attaching to a hole in a sealed glazing unit comprising at least two panes with a sealed air space therebetween, in order to remove from the air space contamination, such as condensation and/or particulate matter, and/or preventing ingress of such contamination.
BACKGROUND
Known sealed glazing units (panels) comprise two or more panes of glass spaced apart a short distance and the gap between them sealed peripherally either by a spacer or the frame of the window, patio door, or other opening in which it is installed.
In use, such a glazing panel may develop one or more leaks in the peripheral seal, allowing moist air and/or other contamination to enter the air space. In other cases, vent holes provided to avoid excessive pressure/vacuum build up as the glazing panel is heated or cooled may admit such moist air and/or contamination. Under certain conditions, moisture may condense out of the air within the air space and form condensation on the inner surface of at least one of the panes. This reduces visibility through the panel. Even if the glazing panel warms up and the moisture evaporates, it may leave a deposit of minerals, for example, on the pane, again reducing visibility. Moreover, it is also possible for other forms of contamination, such as particulate matter, to be drawn into the air space as the panel cools and a partial vacuum is created within it.
A method of removing and/or preventing condensation and contaminant buildup in glazing panels is described in Canadian patent No. 1,332,541, to which the reader is directed to for reference. The method involves forming at least one hole in the external pane, removing condensation and/or contamination from the air space, and then attaching a filter means in the form of a patch to close the hole. The filter contains interstices sized to allow moisture to be expelled from the panel as the window heats, but restrict ingress of water droplets as air is drawn back into the panel as it cools.

My co-pending Canadian patent application number 2,456,610 teaches that, if it is difficult to gain access to the outside of the glazing panel, perhaps because it is installed in a high-rise building, the required hole in the external pane of the glazing panel can be drilled via a generally aligned hole in the interior pane.
My co-pending Canadian patent application number (N/A - Agent's file No.
AP1038CA/DIV1) teaches that, if the glazing panel comprises tempered glass panes, such as are used in patio doors, which may shatter when drilling a hole in such a pane, instead of drilling holes through the panes, the required hole or holes can be drilled through the frame.
More particularly, at least one venting hole is drilled from an external face of the frame of the installed glazing unit for providing air flow communication through the frame and between the air space and ambient. A filter means is applied to the venting hole to filter air passing between the air space and ambient.
It may be disadvantageous to have a filter patch that is applied to the outside surface of the exterior pane, i.e., so that its margin overlies the exterior surface around the hole, since, even 1 S though the patch may protrude only slightly from the surface of the glass, it could impede the cleaning of the panel and generally can only be applied from the exterior of the panel.
Moreover, such a patch may be unsightly.
Embodiments of a first aspect of the present invention address these limitations by means of filter means that is supported Within the interior of the hole and preferably does not protrude from the surface of the pane.
Thus, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided filter means for use with a sealed glazing unit comprising at least an exterior pane and an interior pane and means supporting the perimeters of the panes to provide an internal air space therebetween, the sealed glazing unit having a hole communicating between the internal air space and the ambient, said filter means comprising a filter screen at least peripheral regions of which are resilient so that, upon insertion of the filter means into a said hole slightly smaller than the filter, the peripheral regions of the filter means engage an interior of the hole to retain the filter means therein.
The filter may be dome-shaped and/or have at least its margins corrugated or crimped.

The above-mentioned Canadianpatent No.1,332,541 discloses a filter means in the form of a perforated membrane. In some situations, such as when exposed to driving rain, such a membranous filter may not be entirely satisfactory. Embodiments of the present invention address that by means of filter means comprising one or more slits, the width of each of the one or more slits being small enough to limit ingress of moisture droplets and/or other contamination, the length of the slit or slits being sufficient to provide the required open area.
Thus, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided filter means for use with a sealed glazing unit comprising at least an exterior pane and an interior pane and means supporting the perimeters of the panes to provide an internal air space therebetween, the glazing unit having a through hole communicating between the internal air space and the ambient, said filter means being adapted to attach to said either of the panes and filter air passing through said hole, said filter means comprising a patch having one or more thin slits therein, the width of the one or more slits being narrow enough to limit ingress of moisture droplets from ambient air when the temperature and pressure of the air in the air space are less than ambient and wide enough to permit the egress of moisture-laden air from the air space when the air space temperature and pressure are elevated relative to ambient and the overall length of the one or more slits being determined so as to provide a required open area for the filter means.
Preferably, the or each slit is non-linear.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, the patch has a central dome surrounded by a substantially flat annular portion, and the or each slit extends, parallel to the flat annular portion, around a part of the base of the dome. Preferably, when such a patch is installed on the exterior of the external pane, the or each slit is directed downwards to that it is protected by the dome against ingress of rainwater.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view through the peripheral portion of a sealed glazing unit, i.e. a double glazing panel, during treatment by a method according to a first aspect of the invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view similar to Figure 1 illustrating insertion of a filter;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view similar to Figure 1 of the panel with the filter installed;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to Figure 2 showing insertion of a different kind of filter;
Figure S illustrates application of the method to glazing panel having panes of tempered glass or other material that is not easily drilled;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to Figure 5 but after the panel has been treated and a filter patch applied;
Figure 7 is a side view of a domed filter patch as used in the embodiment illustrated by Figures 5 and 6;
Figure 8 is a cross-sectional partial side view corresponding to Figure 6 but illustrating a modification;
Figure 9 is cross-sectional view through a part of a glazing panel illustrating application of the invention to a panel supported by a hollow frame;
Figures 10 and 11 correspond to Figure 9 but illustrate alternative methods of applying the invention to a panel supported by a hollow frame;
Figures 12(a), 12(b) and 12(c) are plan, transverse cross-section and perspective views, respectively, of a generally dome-shaped and corrugated filter;
Figure 13 is a perspective view of a plain, dome-shaped filter;
Figure 14A is a cross-sectional side view of a dome-shaped slit filter combined with a dome-shaped mesh filter; and Figure 14B is a cross-sectional side view of a dome-shaped slit filter combined with a flat mesh filter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to Figure 1, a sealed glazing unit (panel) 100 comprises a first glazing pane 102 (the outer pane when installed) and a second glazing pane 104 (the inner pane when installed) separated by a peripheral spacer 106 to enclose an air space 108.
The spacer 106 is 5 adhered to the peripheries of both panes by suitable sealant 110 to form an air-tight seal. The spacer 106 is hollow, conveniently an aluminium extrusion, and contains a desiccant material 112 installed during manufacture. The glazing panel 100 is supported by the usual frame 114 which, as shown, is made of wood, but may be any conventional material.
The desiccant 112 usually is installed during manufacture to remove moisture from the air within the air space 108, though not all double glazing panels will have it. In either case, over a period of time, leaks may occur in the peripheral seal, allowing moisture and/or particulate contamination to enter the panel and reduce visibility. Even if desiccant is installed during manufacture, it is likely that it will not be able to deal with such moisture.
A method of removing such contamination will now be described with additional reference to Figures 2, 3 and 4.
A first step is to drill a first hole 116 through the inner glazing pane 104 at a position close to the edge of the frame 114, preferably within about 2.5 cm. of the corner. Following cleaning of the area , the hole 116 is drilled, at a slightly downward angle, using a drilling device such as a DremelTM rotary tool. During the drilling process, the drill and surrounding area are rinsed with cutting fluid, e.g. alcohol, which removes glass particles or shavings.
Preferablythe drilling is stopped just before the drill tip breaks through into the air space.
The hole is cleaned out and then the residual disc of glass pushed into the air space to fall to the bottom of the panel. This reduces the risk of glass particles falling into the air space and sticking to the interior surface of the glass.
A second hole 118 is drilled through the outer glazing pane 102 at a position that is slightly below the hole 116 of the inner pane 104. As shown in Figure l, the outer hole 118 is drilled via the first hole 116, i.e., from the interior of the building in which the panel is installed.
Accordingly, the diameter of inner hole 116 is slightly larger than the outer hole 118 so as to provide adequate clearance for the drill bit 120 used to drill the outer hole and, as will be described later, a probe used to insert the filter. For example, the inner hole 116 might have a diameter of 5 to 6 mm and the outer hole 118 a diameter of 3 to 4 mm. As can be seen from Figure 1, both holes 116 and 118 slope downwards towards the exterior of the panel 100. The sloping of outer hole 118 helps to inhibit ingress of contamination.
While drilling of the outer hole 118 is taking place, the air space 108 is flooded with alcohol (122) to just below the bottom of inner hole 116. In addition to acting as a cutting fluid for the drill, the alcohol keeps the minute particles of glass, i.e., glass swarf, in suspension.
Once the drill breaks through, the glass particles will tend to flow with the alcohol through the hole 118. If required, the alcohol may be replenished continuously during this process.
The alcohol is then allowed to evaporate off. If desired, however, another hole may be drilled through the inner pane 104 adj acent the bottom of the panel and used to drain and recover the bulk of the alcohol, the residue being allowed to evaporate. Such a drain hole may also be used to flush any glass swarf from either drilling operation out of the panel.
If desired, the drain hole can be drilled before the access hole 116 and the bottom region of the interior of the panel filled with alcohol to test whether or not it will leak from the base of the panel during subsequent steps.
Depending upon the degree of contamination of the surfaces of the panes, cleaning fluid may be passed through the air space and rinsed off, conveniently by means of one or more holes (not shown) drilled at other corners of the panel. The cleaning process described in Canadian patent number 1,332,541, for example, may be used.
As shown in Figure 2, a stainless steel mesh filter 124 then is inserted into the outer hole 118 using a probe 126 with a magnetic tip 128. The filter 124 is domed (not quite a hemisphere) and, prior to insertion, has a base diameter slightly larger than the diameter of hole 118. The filter 124 is placed over the magnetic tip 128 which then is passed through inner hole 116 and pushed into hole 118 until the extremities of the filter 124 grip the interior surface of the hole 118 with sufficient force that, as the probe is withdrawn, the filter disengages from the magnetic tip 128 and remains fixed in the hole 118. The probe shank 126A is larger in diameter than both the magnetic tip 128 and the outer hole 118. Consequently, abutment of the end face 130 of the probe shank against the glass around the hole 118 should prevent the filter from being inserted too far into the hole 118 and, importantly, being pushed so far that it falls out at the other end.
As shown in Figure 3, a seal 132, e.g. a self adhesive vinyl patch, is adhered to the inside of the inner pane 104 over the hole 116 to ensure that the building air does not enter the interior of the glazing panel. If additional holes were drilled for cleaning purposes, they would be sealed in a similar manner.
The filter 124 is designed so as to allow moisture to be expelled through the hole 118 as the air inside the air space expands, typically when the glazing panel is being heated, whether by the sun or by artificial means. Conversely, the filter 124 restricts ingress of water droplets as air is drawn back into the window as it cools. In this embodiment, the filter 124 comprises a membranous filter screen, such as stainless steel mesh containing 10,000 holes per square inch.
After insertion of the filter 124 and sealing of the other hole(s), condensation between the window panes will slowly dissipate, typically over a period of several weeks, as the window is exposed to sunlight. The end result is a glazing panel free of particulate matter and condensation.
Figure 4 illustrates a modification, namely the use of a filter patch 124A
applied to the interior surface 102A of pane 102 to cover the inner mouth of hole 118. The filter patch 124A
may be a flat piece of stainless steel mesh as described above and inserted using the same probe 126. In this case, the filter mesh may be self adhesive, i.e. with contact adhesive applied to its margins, and simply pressed into contact with the inner surface 102A.
Alternatively, the filter may comprise a piece of the aforesaid mesh and be pressed into contact with adhesive previously applied to the interior edges of hole 118 using a probe with a swab on the end. As before, once the filter is adhered, it will detach from the magnetic tip 128 as the probe is removed. The access hole 116 (and any cleaning holes) will be sealed as previously described.
The cleaning solution is preferably applied at moderate pressure using an air compressor unit. Distilled water may be used to remove contaminants deposited by water followed by rinsing with a solution of alcohol to dissolve and evaporate any residual water. If any contaminants remain after washing with water, the window is treated with a cleaning solution of vinegar/water solution. The acidity of the vinegar aids in dissolving metal containing contaminants such as aluminum oxide or zinc oxide. After treatment with vinegar, the panes are washed with water, followed by alcohol to remove residual water. If white "riverbed" marks are present on the internal surface of the panes, a vinegar/water solution may be used instead of S alcohol to wet the window when drilling the access hole.
Although the above embodiments describe the use of alcohol to rinse off glass cuttings, a magnet and magnetic "squeegee" blade may be used in addition to the alcohol wash to remove any cuttings that still remain after the washing.
The diameter of the drain hole depends on the thickness of the glass of the inner pane.
Typically, the hole has a diameter of at least about 3 to 3.5 mm to allow a drain tube to enter.
For thick glass, the hole diameter can be made equal to the thickness of glass which can be up to 5 mm or 6 mm.
Although the above embodiments describe a seal that covers the access hole 116 and the draining hole (if used), it should be appreciated that a plug or silicon sealant could be used instead or in addition.
As mentioned herein before, the hole in the inner pane 116 is larger than that of the outer pane in order to allow for a magnetic insertion device, specifically, a probe 126 (see Figure 4) to be inserted through it. Also, by creating a small outer hole 118, water droplets are prevented from forming inside the hole. Both holes 118, 116 are angled downward toward the exterior of the panel with the hole in the outer pane being situated slightly below the hole in the inner pane.
Since the outer hole 118 is positioned below the inner hole 116, any cleaning solution that is applied to the air space between the panes will drain outside the building through the outer hole.
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate a panel 100' having tempered glass panes 102' and 104' that is being treated according to a second aspect of the invention. The panel is generally similar to that shown in Figure 1 but, because the tempered glass cannot readily be drilled, access to the air space 108 is achieved by drilling through the surrounding frame 114'. A
first hole 134 is drilled through the frame 114' and the peripheral separator/seal 106'/110' from the outer edge of the panel, i.e., generally parallel to the planes of the glass panes 102' and 104'. A second hole 136 is drilled from the face 138 of the frame 114', generally perpendicular to the first hole 134, to communicate with it. Any cleaning of the interior of the panel is carried out as previously described.
Refernng to Figure 6, a short tube 140, for example of metal or plastic, is inserted into the first hole until it extends through the separator 106' and prevents desiccant 112' leaking into the air space. The outer end of hole 134 is sealed with a plug and/or patch and/or sealant and a filter is applied to close the second hole 136.
The filter patch could take any of the forms described herein before but Figure 6 shows a patch 124b with a central dome surrounded by flat margins. The margins are adhered to the surface of the frame so that the dome lies over the mouth of the hole 136. As shown in Figure 7, a narrow slit 142 extends, parallel to the flat annular portion, around a part of the base of the dome. Preferably, when such a patch 124b is installed, the slit is directed downwards so that it is protected by the dome. The width of the slit is about 0.5 mm wide and about 4 mm long.
Because it is so narrow, it provides the required filtering effect. Its length, however, is sufficient to provide the required open area. Although the slit of Figure 7 is shown curved, it could of course be straight, if its length was still sufficient.
It should be appreciated that the filter slit could be combined with a filter screen, conveniently attached over the hole in the middle of the flat annular portion.
The arrangement described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 is especially suitable for glazing panels of patio doors, where the edge is accessible for drilling of the first access hole, but the filter is applied to the surface facing the exterior where it will not be obscured. For instance, such an arrangement would not be suitable if the patio door is closed against the frame.
It will be appreciated that, if there is no desiccant, the tube can be omitted.
If a panel having tempered glass panes is installed in such a way that the edge if accessible to the outside air, it may not be necessary to drill the second hole 136 from the surface of the frame. As shown in Figure 8, in such a case, the filter is applied to the external mouth of hole 134 and, if desiccant is involved, the lining tube 140' may extend throughout the length of the hole 134.
Figures 9 to 11 illustrate application of the invention to a glazing panel having a surrounding frame that is hollow, for example an extrusion of aluminium or plastics material.

As shown in Figure 9, such a frame typically has several compartments 150 formed by intersecting structural webs 152. In this case, the edge of the panel is accessible, so, drilling from the outer edge of the frame, a series of hole 134" are drilled through the intervening webs 152, respectively, through the separator 106" (and desiccant if applicable) and into the air space 5 108". After any required cleaning etc., a tube 140" is inserted through the aligned holes 134"
to close off the compartments. The hole 134 in a flange 153 along the outer edge of the frame then is covered by a filter 124", which is shown domed but may take any suitable form disclosed herein.
Figure 10 illustrates an alternative arrangement for use where the filter should not be 10 applied to the outer edge of the frame. In this case, the first holes 134"
are drilled from the edge of the hollow frame and a second hole 136" (or more if there are intervening webs) is drilled from the face of the frame generally perpendicularly to the first series of holes. In this case, a curved tube 154 is inserted through the second hole 136", any intervening holes, and into the hole in the separator 106". Such curved tube then closes off both the separator 106", to avoid leakage of desiccant, and the frame, to avoid leakage of air. The filter 124"
is applied over the hole 136" and the end of tube 154.
Figure 11 illustrates an alternative to the arrangement of Figure 10. In the arrangement shown in Figure 11, the frame is drilled obliquely from the front face to provide a series of aligned holes 155 and 157 allowing the air space to communicate with the ambient. A tube 160, having suitably chamfered ends, is inserted into the obliquely aligned holes to seal the separator 106" and the compartments) 150. The tube 160 is closed by a filter 124", as before.
It should be appreciated that drilling through the frame instead of the panels) is not limited to use where the panes are tempered glass but could also be applied in other situations, for example where the panes are of plastics material or have a film of solar filter material applied.
Although only one draining hole and one filtering hole have been shown and described in the specific embodiments, it should be appreciated that more than one of each hole may be provided to facilitate the evacuation of particulate matter, moisture, cleaning solution and rinsing solution provided that at least one of the holes on the outside pane or outside frame is covered by a filter and all holes on the inside pane or side frame are hermetically sealed. The other holes on the outside may also have a filter, or may be hermetically sealed.
Figures 12(a), 12(b) and 12(c) illustrate a corrugated filter having an increased surface area in relation to the perimeter of the opening of the hole over which it is attached.
Specifically, the surface area of the membranous screen is greater than the cross-sectional area of the hole. The corrugated portion may be surrounded by a flat margin to facilitate its adhesion to the pane.
Figure 13 depicts a dome-shaped filter 124C having a brim portion 162 whereby it can be attached to the surface of the pane around the vent hole. As disclosed above, contact adhesive would be applied to the brim 162 and/or to the rim around the hole.
Such filter 124C
can be used in place of the flat filter 124A of Figure 4 or the slitted dome filter 124B of Figures 6 to 11. For additional protection, for example in case the filter is subj ected to a particular dirty environment or high pressure water, say from a hosepipe, the filter 124C of Figure 13 could be combined with the filter 124B of Figure 7, i.e., the dome-shaped mesh could be inserted into the annular hole to fit over the vent hole in the pane. Such a modification is shown in Figure 14A.
Figure 14B shows a similar protective arrangement wherein the dome-shaped slit filter 124C is combined with a flat filter 124A. In the latter case, the filter mesh is shown as having the same diameter as the brim 162 but it should be appreciated that it could be smaller, so long as it covered the hole in the pane. In either case, adhesive could be applied to the brim/mesh and/or the rim of the vent hole.
It will be apparent that the method of applying the filter to a patio door unit may additionally comprise the step of applying cleaning solution to the internal air space.
Furthermore, a draining hole may be formed in the bottom of the pane to drain excess fluid.
It should be noted that certain embodiments of the invention are applicable to new glazing panels which have not been contaminated. During manufacture of the panels, the requisite holes could be drilled and the filter installed, with tube inserts as appropriate. It will be appreciated that access to the outer pane, i.e., that which will be the outer pane when the panel is installed, will not be restricted and the panel may well be clean and dry, so only the vent hole need be drilled. Such panels would be less likely to suffer from the ingress of moisture or other contamination if they developed a leak since the air would tend to vent via the filter as the panel heated and cooled.
It should also be noted that glazing panels equipped with filters as described herein, especially from new, would be less susceptible to damage from pressure changes, which is a problem encountered in certain environments. Such pressure changes can occur during cold weather or during changes in elevation e.g., due to transportation of the glazing panels by air or in mountainous regions.
It should be appreciated that use of the filters described with reference to Figures 3, 4, 7, 12(a) to 12(c) and 13 is not limited to the specific methods described herein, but could be used in other window treatment applications, for example, as described in the above-mentioned Canadian patent No. 1,332,541.
In practice, the stainless steel mesh used in filters according to all aspects of the invention can contain 10,000 holes per square inch. This gauge is particularly suitable since it will pass moisture laden air at elevated temperatures when the air layer is venting to the exterior, but will inhibit the ingress of moisture droplets at lower temperatures, preventing the formation of condensation within the panel. It is envisaged, however, that the number of holes per square inch could be anywhere in the range of 6,000 to 20,000. Also, the interstices in the mesh may be chemically formed by applying chemicals that erode the filter surface to create holes.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are described as examples only. Alterations, modifications and variations may be effected to the particular embodiments by those of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. Filter means for use with a sealed glazing unit comprising at least an exterior pane and an interior pane and means supporting the perimeters of the panes to provide an internal air space therebetween, the glazing panel having a hole communicating between the internal air space and ambient, said filter means comprising a filter screen, at least the peripheral regions of which are resilient so that, upon insertion of the filter means into a said hole slightly smaller than the filter means, the peripheral regions of the filter means engage an interior of the hole to retain the filter means therein.

2. Filter means according to claim 1, wherein the filter screen comprises a medial membranous filter screen, the filter means having a marginal region for attaching the filter means to the inner wall of said hole so that the filter screen fits said hole, said filter screen having interstices sized to permit the egress of moisture-laden air from the panel when its interior temperature and pressure are elevated relative to ambient and to inhibit ingress of moisture droplets with ambient air when the interior temperature of the panel is greater than ambient and its interior pressure is less than ambient.

3. Filter means according to claim 2, wherein the filter is dome-shaped and the marginal region comprises a lip for attaching the filter means to the inner wall of the hole.

4. Filter means according to claim 2, wherein the resilient marginal region is crimped.

5. Filter means according to claim 2, wherein the membranous filter region is corrugated.

6. Filter means for use with a sealed glazing unit comprising at least an exterior pane and an interior pane and means supporting the perimeters of the panes to provide an internal air space therebetween, either of the panes having a through hole, said filter means being adapted to attach to said either of the panes and filter air passing through said hole, said filter means comprising a patch having one or more thin slits therein, the width of the one or more slits being narrow enough to limit ingress of moisture droplets from ambient air when the temperature and pressure of the air in the air space are less than ambient and wide enough to permit the egress of moisture-laden air from the air space when the air space temperature and pressure are elevated relative to ambient and the overall length of the one or more slits being determined so as to provide a required open area for the filter means.

7. Filter means according to claim 6, further comprising a mesh filter disposed so that, when the patch filter is installed, the mesh filter overlies said hole.

8. Filter means according to claim 7, wherein the mesh filter is substantially flat.

9. Filter means according to claim 7, wherein the mesh filter is domed, the mesh filter dome extending inside the dome of the patch filter so as to filter air passing through said one or more slits and said hole.

10. Filter means according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the or each slit is non-linear.