CA2149759A1 - Flight vehicle - Google Patents
Flight vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- CA2149759A1 CA2149759A1 CA002149759A CA2149759A CA2149759A1 CA 2149759 A1 CA2149759 A1 CA 2149759A1 CA 002149759 A CA002149759 A CA 002149759A CA 2149759 A CA2149759 A CA 2149759A CA 2149759 A1 CA2149759 A1 CA 2149759A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flight vehicle
- per
- flight
- load
- tlle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
- B64C39/02—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use
- B64C39/026—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use for use as personal propulsion unit
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
- Die Bonding (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
- Massaging Devices (AREA)
- Physical Deposition Of Substances That Are Components Of Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
2149759 9508472 PCTABS00036 A flight device that can be placed upon and fastened to a load, which may be a pilot (P) or a remote guided control device, comprises a bearing device that can be fastened to the load, a drive unit (100) that has a piston engine and that is coupled with a rotary drive shaft (108) directly to an impeller (200') of a supercharger (200) for generating an airflow, and at least two propulsion pipes (300) that end in air-outlet nozzles (304, 305) which are arranged laterally on either side of the load or pilot (P) and which can be adjusted to change the direction of the emerging airflow. The supercharger (200) has an intake cone (202) which in the normal attitude of flight is situated essentially in a horizontal position above the pilot (P) or load. The rotary drive shaft (108) to drive the supercharger (200) is then essentially vertical and the outlet nozzles (304, 305) are then arranged essentially in a plane containing the vertical cg axis (X). The airflow generated by the impeller (200') of the supercharger (200) is expelled through the propulsion pipes (300) at subsonic speed.
Description
.-., 21~97Sg Flight Vehicle l'l~e inventi.t.~ escribed llere i.s a f]ic~ht vellic~e w.itlli.n tl~e nlean;.ng Oe the ~reamb]e of Clainl 1 where~y t2~e said fl.i.c~ht velliCI.e can be joined and sl:rap)ecl firm~y ~o a ~.oa~. 'I'lle load in questioll ;s capab]e oE perforlning p~ l.oting fullctions. with the a;d of the f]ight vehicl.e t~)e load c~n ~e aut:ol-olllously lift:ed oEf l he ground and mai.ntail~ed at a heighl: ahove the ~round eil:her .irl a hover f:ligl~t (~.~ iIl a 1.i.gllt f-roln one poi.nt to an-ol:ller. 1~11e 1.oad may be ei ther a lltlll,arl pi lot P in a more or less uE)I;glll: posil:;.or~ or a ~enlote colltro11ed a~paraln.ls assuln.illg Llle pi.lot E~lnct iorl l~ase(3 on colllmands txansll~ -ted hy radio.
F]i.ght vellis.les oE tll~S l~-~e a;. ~ knowrl, llti].i.7~ 9 eitller foel-powe~:ed roclcel:-lioosl,ers, El~e.l-powered gas l:~lrb:ine engi.l~es t.~r fue~. powel:e~q gaso.l..ine or (~:iese.l. engit)es. ~1l t:t)e c,ase o rockel:
encJi~es an(3 yas t:~nr~.ine erly:~nes, jel:s are directed in a ~Ow11-wards d.;.rectioll so l:llat tlle llol: gases tl~erefoIe represelll: a danyer. ~ is is nol: o~l:ly a rislc to l:he ~)i.lot:, t)~Jt it also nligl~t ~gni.te ;llf]ammat):le nlal,eri.al.s on l:he gro~ t3, fi~Ch as t3ry grass aT~d sl~r~lbl.)ery.
Additionall.y, tihe llig}~ tell~E)erature oE l:l~ese gases E)~.aces a Ie-str.i.c~ion on tl~e c~oice oE mater.i.a] s ~sed in t;he const3:ucl::ic)l~ o~
tlle flight vehicle. For example plast:ics and a].~lmir~ n carlrlot be used Eor componellts exposed t:o l~ot exl~aust gases.
~ ' :
US i~-3 023 9~0 is corlcerr~ed witll a f::l iglll: vel)i.c:le oE tllis ty~oe powered by a ' gas l:urbille engine~ ~rhe ~] iyht velli.cl.e llas a Su pOrl:illg ~ralne Wlli.CIl Ca~ be stra~)et~ Ol~t:O l:l~e ~ack of a hutlla pilot. ~viatiorl ga901 llle or Icerosene, for examp]~e, Inay be used to fue]. the gas turbine ellgirle. 'I`~le gas lnlrbl rle erlg i ne wl)~ ch consls~s of a ~adia]. Elow colnF)ressor and o~le or more colnl)~ls~..i.on cl)ambers and a turbirle, whereby tlle ct.~mpressc)r alld l.:lle t~rl:):i ne ::~
' rotal:e on a comll~oll sllaEt. I`lle proE~el.~er draws in am~ienl: air whicll is heated in tt~e colllbustion cllamber beEore retu3-ning t:o the gas t~lrbine. I~)~e gas tllr~irle exllaust gases are expanded to ambient pressure thr.ough two jet pipes whicll l~ave nozzles locat-ed beside tl-e p.i.lot. I`he l~ot ~as stream wl1i~h l)as a te~n-perat~lre of a~ol~t 1200 ~ (700 C1 ~)rovi.des l:~e necessary lit Eorce. ~or t.he purpose of steering tl-e fl.ig~-t vel~icle tl~e l~ot gas jet can ~e di.ver.ted relative to t})e engine frame. rhe ex-hallst pipe6 wjt~ tlle nozz3es carl be sl-i.fted relative to the en-gine f~ame ~y Inean~ of a control lever. I~.isadvantages oF t)-is fligl~ vehlc.le are to l~e seer~ in the ligl~ temperature of tl~e ex-l~al~st gases and l:he fact ~hal~ e lligh ~uel cor)s~]mption perln11:s on~y a sl~ort fligl~t dural:ior). rl)e hig11 iTli t i.a]. costs of gas tulbirle engi.nes and tlle fre~auenl: n~a.illl:enance services are fllr-t~er negat.ive crit.eri.a fOt- tl~;8 Vell.jt~,le, US-A-4 795 111 is concerrled w.ith a remote control.led ~Iy.ing pla~forrn wi.th a piston .i.nterna.l conll)usl::i.oll erlgi.r~e W~l.;C~ di.rect:~.y drives an encaset3 or sl~rouded proE~e.l..l.er. Pi.]oted ~y remote con-trol t}~is vehic].e i.s usetd Irlosl:~y as an c~ servatl.on E~]at~onll or mi.litary but also for c.ivil. ~ -poses ~WI~i]st the posslbi.lity of tlle p].atform carry;.nq a 13uman pi].ol: .i.s merltiolled no descriptior 1s g1ven ~æ to llow l:his can ~e ac~omplisl-ed. rlle prob]elrl oE not exhaust gases is not)-ex.isl:ert wi.l:l~ tlli~ f~.yi.ng ~].atForm. ~low ever the platform as descri}.~ed ~anr~ol: be sl:rapped to the hack of a humarl pilot. l`l~e ca~lng surrolln~3ing l:he propel~er opens in-tp a circulllfeI-entia]. ~et pipe. ll~e ex:it Elow Erom tl-e prope].ler n]ess guidetd in SU; ta~.le ducl:s ~s a.re ~ei.rlg prov;.tled i.r~ e s~l}~ject .invention wou~.d f.low at randc)lll over t:l~e pilot w;.tl~ loss of t}lrllst and Wi.t~lOut: tl~e poss.i.~).i.l.lty of cor~t~:olling t~le ~alance.
Accordinq~.y tl~ere is a need Eor a .1.i.gt~t vel~i.c.l.e of t~e typeinit.ial].y reEerred to witl~ exhaust gases oE such a low tempera-!. 2 1 4 9 7 5 9 ture tllat they are essentialJ.y l~arnl.less and whlc~ s permi.optimal selection o li.ghtweigl)t mater.ial.s ~or the construc~ior oE the ~li.ght vehlcle. Fur~:hennore il: i.9 des.iral~le tt~at a ~lighl: vehi.cle perlllits to ~e airtorne for lonc3er periods.
e purpose of tl~e ;nverltion descr:ibet~ llere is to nleet ~ is demand. With the object of: of~ering a sol~.ltion a f~.ight vehicle of tlle type in].l:ially menl:ioned anfl cllaracl:e~ ed ~-~ the co~
I)ination of feal:ures ind.i.cal:er3 nT~t3er C.la:i.m ~ i.fi ~escr.il~ed l~ere.
~dvantageous Eurtl-er developn~ents of tlle ~].i.ght vehicle as per inventi.on are defined in tl-e .re.l.ated c~ain~s.
rhis present i.nventioll n~ake~ .it ~os .il.~le to l.i~t a loa-l - wl~ich ~ self is capa~le o perForll~ing pi].ot..i.ng functions and tln.ls pilot ~he fl.i.gh~ vehicle. ~f ~he .l.oad .is a human pilot tl~e flight vehi.cle as per .irlvelltio[- is st:rapped to a supporti.rlg frame. This ena~les tl~e pilol: to remai.l~ airborlle for a prolollged period (of ~3p ~0 one hollr an~ Ino~e). Tlle pil.ol: llas tl~e choi~e l:o hovex free].y or 1y over a certa.i.n d.i.sl:ance. rl~e f.li.qill: velli.c~.e can be powered by for exan~p.le all Ot:t:~ carburet.tor-t:ype e~.lel-powered piston engi.ne wll;cl-l - via a dr.ivirlg shaEt - dr.ives l:he overhead propeller wlli.c~ acce].erates tl~e ai.r downwards tllrol-gh tw~ or more ver~ical jel: p.ipes. niesel or Wankel type internal combllstion engines wonld also be suitable to power the fl.;ght vehi.cle. In~ernal colrlbt~sti.on engines running on different Fuels av,ai lable can be llsed.
As the compressor geornel:!ry can he seJ.ect:ed l:o ~he characteri~ic of ~he drivlny engine .it .i.~s possi~):le to avoid gears he~ween tl~e crankshaft oE tl~e piston enqi.ne an(3 ~lle ~ropell.er. ~.i rect drive represents a considera~le simp3.i~.i.ca~iorl wi~ signiEi.cal~ weighl:
savi.ng .
21497~
In contrast to a l~e].icopt:er Wl~i.C~l reqll.i.res specia]. mea~ls I:ocounteract the engi.ne torq~e i.n tlle preserlt invention i.t is possib].e to co~lnteract tlle engine torqr~e by sultable orien~atiol-of tlle exha~lst jets. ~rhere i9 no need for a special propeller lllOUrlted OJl an extellded struct~lre.
rlle arrangelnent of tlle present i llvenl:i.oll can be designed ~o n\eet the demand for a .low wei.gllt vehi.c~ e. r~e ~].i.g}~t vehicle as per l.:iliS pl:eSerll~ VelltiOIl :IS re~dil.y manoe~]vra~]e easy to t rans-port easy to assemble ar~d wllel~ on tl)e grol~rld can be carr~.ed by one per-son. Starting and operat;.ng tl~e con~.rols requ.ire simple F)rocedu)^es. I`~e (lescribed f.1..ig~lt velljc]e car~ al.so perforlll ~.l.igllt.narloellvres ~hi.cl~ ca[lnot he perfonned witll ol:ller we].l-kllowr f ] igl)t vel~icles SIICIl as ~ixed wi.ng a.i rcral~t t~ ra].i.gl)ts kites motor.ised glidi.ng-type paracllutes l)ar)g gli.ders el:c. It i.s a].so possi.b~.e to approac~) regior)s or objects wllicl~ cou](3 nc)t l)e reached easi~y ~ al: alJ - cby l~elico;c7~:er sucll as narrow mountai.n gorges . FUI l:l~e~ Qre tlle E].i gllt vell.i cle as per t~li s present i.nventiorl dlle l:o its sllia] I all~ st~rc~l]de(9 prope] ]er C~n ~].y betweerl narrow JowS oll hol~se9, .ill c.loYe p rox.iln; l:y (:o tlle ho~]sewal l.s ba.l.co-lies el:c. .~
dec.i.sive advarl~age wl~icll c~ear].y disti.ngllis~les t~li.s present:
jl)ver)~ion from a.1.ready knc)wn types oE f].igllt vel~i.cles is to be seen .iJ) the use of an .i.nterna.l. comblJsl:;oll or pi.ston engine. Com-pared wi th o~:ller (3ri ving arrallgernellts S~3C]~ as gas turbine er~ -gines chemical. ~r;ving ~systellls - to- exan~ .e ns;ng llydrogerl peroxi(3e - t}le ~)i.sl:oll e-~gille .;.s ml~cll mo) e e~i.cier~t ar)(3 ~llus allows cortsiderat).l.y ior-ger Ejerio(~s o~ f l.igl~t. Fnrtllerlllore tile piston engine is sim)le and rc~blls~ le l..o .i~:s l.ow pri.ce tl)e operati.ng costs are rela~lve~y low~ Servlce al)d Inal~ltella~lce C09tS oE piston el~gines compare ~avo~rab.l.y wi~ll t~lose of gas turbine engines . I`he E~.lel.s ~or E)i st:on engi.rles are commoll.ly available fuels.
,~, 21497S3 In v.i.ew oE tl-e l.ow ~emperal:ure o~ e air.- sl:ream general:ed ~y the proE)ell.er, t}le colnpollent o~ ~he p~oE-el:l.er as well as l:lle jet pipes can be marll)factu.re(~ in composll:e E.i~)re materi.a].s. Even lf the exhallst gases Ert~m tlle piston ellgine, as it migllt he atlvar)-I:ageo~s in sorne cases, are nlixed wi~l~ Ihe ai.r s~ream, t:he t:em-peratures are sl1eficienl:1y l.ow for t.lle nse o~ colllposil:e mate-.ria~.s.
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The fli.gllt vehic].e as ~er ~llverltiol) particular].~ lends i.tselE to use as a transporl vel~icle ~or Eir6l:-aic1 workers .iTl reSC~le oper-at.ions in locatiolls ~.i.FEicu.ll: I:o access, c~r in conges~:ed area~s.
SUCll as cit:ies, wllere, ~ecanse o heavy tra~ic or otl-er 2~in-drarlces, the injl~re~ persorls carlnot: be reaclleti .in time by con-ven~iorlal transt)or~ vel~i.c'es. rl~e F.l.:i.c311~: ve;lic].e as per i.rlvel~-ti.on can a].sc be used ~o advan~age in rescue act.ion6 in ~he case of fires i~ igll ri.se blli.~d:ings wllere it migllt be used to ferry er-dangered persorl~s I:o sa~ety. 'l'h.is i.s parti.cu~arly e~pedient in cases where conver~tiollal.lnearls sucl~ as rescue ladders or l~e.li-copl:ers cal~not be used CtI wc~u~d not he the most su~tab]e.
~urtllermore, tl-e fligl~ vel~icle as ~er i.nvention is a part.icul-ar].y li.ght, sma].l and Eavourably priced air tIallsport: veh.l.cle for whi.ch even the smalJ.es~: sE~ace is adequate for s~arting and landing. As Ear as the ].andi.r)g and sl:art:ing environlnent i.s ct~n-cerned, tlle flight vehic.le as Eer .i.~ventiorl is l.ess sensiti.ve th~ll, for example, fl.ight vehic]es ~owered by gas l:~lrb.ine en-gines In the case oE the ~al:l:er ~llere ;s ~he r.islc tlla~: when near to the ~roul~d e~haus~: gas rec.i.rculation wi].] reduce ll~e thrust, or tl~at pollutanl:s ~ucll as dust, l.eaves, small sl:ones etc. may be drawn into tlle (iriv.inq sy~tem an(i thus damage l:l~e impe].lor or the ~ur~.ine.
, 21~97~9 rl-e f.light vehicle as per :invenl:iorl is therefore su.i.l:abl.e ~or accessing locati.otls ot}lerwise nol: possi.b~.e cl~eaply allc~ q~lickly -for example in or(~er l:o carry 0~1t control anfl sllE)ervision assign-meilts. .rJ-e 1.igll~ vellic]e as per invent:iorl ls s.i.mp].e to marl-oeuvre and er-ab)es ~I-e l~ulnan p.i.l.o~ l:o fl.y tl~rollgh wooded re-gi.ons. Flying over longer distance~s j~.~.st above groun~3 i.s also quite feasible. r~ us tl-ere are nl.lmerous poss;.b].e a~pli.t~at.i.o-ls for mi].itary p~lrE~oses. ~ t3 ex~ended ~;me ll~is f.l.igh~ vellicle can s~ay i.n the air its cor-lpact col-st:rl~ctio-l is decisive in pro-vi.dj.ng a wide scope of appl;catiorls. ll~e vellic]e descrl~ed above cal~ also be llsed as an at~ractive sports a(:t~v.ity.
By vi.rtue oE the preEerred -ove~. and ~)art;cl.l.l.arty simp]e driv-i.r~g arrange.nent Wl~iCII conl~r;.ses a colllb.i.nal:i.on of interllal COIll-bustion engine shrouded propel.l.er and do~l~led jet pipe it: is possi.ble to achieve opti.mal dlrect~ g o~ t)le al r strealn an~ US
convert tlle energy oE tl)e engi.rle Wil:?l l~igl~ efficiency. lt~e di.rect coupli.ng o~ the internal combusti.orl engi.ne witll tl-e pro-peller allows the optillla]. util:i.æati.c~rl of the RPM rarlge of t:1~e internal colnbustiol~ eng.ille .irl combi.nal:.ion witll the aerodynam.ic design of the prope~.].er. Il)e ail sl:ream~:leavil)g tl~e jet p;.~e al:
sllbsonic velocity .ifi capat)l.e in producing t:he lift force at higller effi.cierlcy tllan it i~ possib].e wi.th t:l~e gas tur~i.ne en-gine. Accordingly the flight vehic].e as per t}li.s present inven-tloll has a lower ue] cons~lnption wll.icll in turn ~)enn.its lc~nger air~orne periods.
~xalnples of constrlJc~i.orls oE l:l-e f~..i.gl)l: vellicle as per lnvent.ion are disc~lsse~ irl t3etai.1. be~.ow on ~.lle bas.is oE slce~cl~e.s wi.tll :i.c3ellt;cal parts i.n the var.iol~s skel:che~s i.del)l:if.ied ~y l:l)e same reference nllmbers.
Fi.gs. la Ib in each case sllow a corlstr).lct:i.c)rlal exampl.e oE a ~ ,' 21~
1c and 1d fl.ig?lt vellicl.e as pel. inventioll (strapE-ed onto tlle back of a hulnarl pllot) in sc~elnatic si.de view, front view wi 1:1~ part.i.al transverse section, front view, and top v.iew;
figs. le, 1f sl~ow a water coole:r o~ tlle air colnpressor intake f~lnllel for cooling tl~e pisl:on engiTle;
Eig. Ig sllows a coo].ing rol:or driver3 by the dr.ive sl-af t and a water coo.ler part ~or cooJirlg ~lle ~istor eng1ne;
~;.g. 1~1 sllows water cooJ.ing e].emenl:s at tl~e ends of t:lle jel: E~ es Eor COO]..i.ll9 the pi.ston engille; a~so s~lown i s a remol:e conl:.rolled E); lot instead c)E a l~umarl E~i l.ot:;
~lg. li shows a l)ypass sy~;telll f~r t ~Irbo-cllargi.llg tlle engi.ne E)er~orl-lal)ce oE l:l~e ~iStOJl engi.rle;
f .ig . 1 j shows a co~lE).l i T-9 tE 1 ange ~esi gned as a starti l~g be.lt pl~l ley;
fig. 2 SIIC~WS the cc)rlst.rl~ct:iol~ of tl)e Illliversa.l :ioillt i e vi~cini.l:y~o I:he propelJer;
l~ig. 3 SI~OW8 - .in Sclle!llal:i~c l:Op vi.ew - a ~art oE tl~e Eligh~: vel~lcle as per ll~vel~tlon as .ill ~lgs. la, lb, 1c arld ld l:o .i ] .lnstIate a Elossil~i].it~ Eor eng ine torque compen~a t iO~I;
, f~; 21~97S9 fig. ~a gb Sllow in eacl~ casé in scl)elnal i.e side view a ~art 4~ and ~d oE the fligbt vel~3cle as E)er .inventiorl as in f.igs. la 1.b Ic anc3 ~.d to i].Just rate ~oss.ibi:l.i.-t ies ~Ol ad j~lsl:;ng I..lle 3.ire( tion of tl~e air s t rea~n .
i g . 5 s l)ows s c 1l ema t i ca l ] y t:l) e nlo(3e o E ~ u nc t: i ol~ i r~ o E a rescue systeln of l:l~e f]igllt vellic~e as ~er inverl-t;.on as in i~igs. ~a :l.b lc alld l.d.
As can be ~een from fi.g. ~a .in paxt:.iclllar t:he Eligl-t vell;c:le is carri.ed on t;~ hark r.~f a hllmarl pi::lot P. 7~ corset also f~l.l.~l].s l:he fnncti.orl of fuel ~.ank 10 as wel.l. as Eor-m;.ng t:lle conl:act sur-face wit1~ the back of t:lle ~ulllan pi.lot P. 13y mearls of a be].t ar-~ rangelnellt 9 whicl~ forms a seat a frj.ct.i.oTlal connect1on is es-tab.lis?~ed between the )-uman F)i:l.ot and l:he ~.iq}lt vellicle using a strap connecti.on 17 . BeEore and af t:er tlle flight thi.s is also used by the humar- p.i]ot t:o c arry t:lle ~ igllt vel~icle. l`he centre of grav,.ty X oE tl)e fligl~t vehicle w.i.l.h l:l~e l~l~rllan pi.lot. or the -~ .I.oad re~;pectively ruT-s (wllen t:he fligll~ velli.c~e is ln norlllal - flight posi.tlon) between a drivi.ng arrangelnent 100 and tl~e l~ nanpilcst P e~sential.ly tl~rough tl~e m:i.ddle of the outlet nozæ~ e.s 304 305 which are pref erab].y mounted ahove ttle common cent:re oE
gravi.ty oE the f ligllt vehi.cle and t~le hlllnarl E)i.l~jt P. By means of a gas throttle 310 on vne of ~wo sl:eering arms 309 the human ~- pi!lot P reguLates the o~ltpUt oE a piston engiJ)e wl~ich consti-tutes the dr.i.virlg arrangemellt 1()0 and wlllch can be started by means of a hand start~er 105. ll:~e driving arrangemellt 100 l~s sup-plled wi.th fuel from tl~e E~el ~.ank 10 by a comlllercia~ly avail-ab.le fuel i.njection sy~st:em. I`l~e ~el tank 1() may he (i.ivided .illl:o a n unlt)er o sect1ons a:LI:errla~:lvely tller e Inay be a numt)er o~
~uel tank~.
. ~
21~97,S~ ;
A shrout~ed prope]ler 2~ w.i~ carborl ~il. re compressor Ei.ns 2n3 iS arral~ged ill SUCll posi.ti.on on the f]..;.gllt vellicle; tlle ~ropel-ler s1~a~t is directly co~lp~et~ w~ a cral)kshaft ln7 oE tl~e driv-ing arrangemer-t 10(~ hy a carbc)n ~re dr;ve sl-aE~ 10~ wllicl~ -when the fli.ght ve~ic~.e ;s i.ll norma.l. f~.igl~t positit?n - i.s es~serl-tlally perpendlcular.
The E~rope].ler shaft 208 er-ds in a compressor hub 204 made of alumi.ni.~1m wh1cl~ carries ~ e compressor t~lades. T~le propel].er shaEt 20~ pre~era~].y runs oll ~e~-Jl~bricat-ing L)earirlgs. via tl)e air compressor intake fullrlel ~02 arral-ged above t:he h~lln3n pilot the pro~el.ler adm;.ts ambienl: air. ~ter passing I:lle com-pressor blades tlle air passes a carbol~-fil)re st~l:or ~05. l~l~is stator se~es t:o reniove the tangent:i.a]. Elow com~ollerlt. 5~ e-q~lently the air f].ow .is distril:)~ted ~etween two jet p.i.pe6 3n~, also made of carbon Fi.l~res. rlle outlet noz~.].es 3~)~ 305 posi-~ioned .laterally beside the llumarl ~);.l.ot P at tl~e ends of t:Jle jet pi.pes 3()~ supply the I.i.ft force which carries tl~e h~man ~ilot off thtS g~o~3nd.
Increasillg the perforlllar)ce o~ tl~e drlvirlg arrangemer~t 10() re-SU].tS in a higher rotat.i.olla]. speed of tl~e pro~)eller 2()0. ~rhe compressor blades 2t)3 thus i.r~crease t:he ai.r flow whicl~ leaves the outlet nozz].es 304 30~ at ll.;.gher exit velocity tllus ill-creaslng the li.f t orce.
The caIl70ll-fi.hre st:at.or l.)].ades remove l:he anglllar Inoment ~111 oE
tl~e~ai.r stream l.eavi.nq ~ e propel.].er. ~.r~ ~:h;.s arrangelnerll: t.he engi.r-e power o~ pnt: is collvel^ted to a h;t~h degree irlto k.il~el-.lc erlergy whicll i.s lli.gh.ly ef.ic.i.erlt. rh.is k~r~etlc e~leryy i.s ~ed to ~he ~et plpes 3~ h.ls deve].opmer~t; i 9 a cons.iderable improve-ment over convent-.iona]. hel:icop~:el- t~esi.gn i.nasln\lch as it has a mucll smaller rolor di.alnel:el~ ~.n order l:o prov.i~e sufficierlt ~ 9 . ~
.
... . .
.
S~ifrles~ iTl ~he s~l~portillg frame, a tut)lll.ar sl:ructl~re l06 i.s ~o).ted both to l:l~e stator 205l and to tlle engille Eoun(3atioll 9.
Fl~rtl-ennore, tl-e rot(~r is sllrouded whlcl) substantially red~ces ~:he danger of rotor damage by tol~clling st:atlolla~y ob~ect~. Tl~e engine fo~ndati.oll frallle 9 is bo1.ted to tlle str~lcture 1 wlljch corlrlect;.ng spar elelnent 9 is tighl::ly secured to a frame l wllicll s~lpports the engine :L0(), tlle ~ue1 l~nl< 10, and ~lle s~lrouded pro-peller 20~.
~o~:h jet E)lpes 3no arld tlle o~lt]et nozzles 30~, 305, located at the out]et, make ~lE) a sul7assellllly wll;ch call he tilted i.n any di.reclioll ~lp Io an ang]e of about 1/-l() (in flq. lb t~le degr.ee oE deF]ecti.c>ll ls .ind.i(al:.ed l~y brokell l;lles). l~ll;s cllar)~e of tlle f)ow angle i.s .in~rot~ctd ~)y steerillg arlns 3()9 wl~lcl) are co~lp~ed wi.l:ll t:lle jet pipes 3()n. ~ ~3~iversal joint 2 (s~lown i.n igs. .1.c, ld and fig. 2) connects tlle s~ a~sen~].y holding thè jet pipes 3~)0 wi~ll the stator 2()5 of t2le sllrouded prope].].er asselnbly 20n.
r3~l~.i s movemellt of Llle noz7.1es enabl.es ~:lle ll~llnan pi.].ot to coT~:rol:lle ~;ft: forces gerleral:ed by the air stream. ~n order to main-~a.i.n stabi.].ity in f l iglll:, I:ile jet pi.E-es 3()0 axe moved i.ll such a nallller tlla~ the res~llti.llg .1ift ~orce i~ al:l:ached Lo Llle centre oE gravity axls X of the entire f:l.igl~t velli.c].e, irlcluding the uman pi.lot. i.r~ veII:i.ca:l diret,tiorl. M~ or cllanges in,tlle nozz1e angle and posi tlo~ a.l..low f l igllt movelllellt irl a horizo~ltal direction. Illis adjllstmerlt aJ.lows correctic.)ns to compensate weigllt diferences l)etweer- hl.llllan p.i.lotæ a~ wel]. as f~e.l. weigl,h e~Qent1itllre cluring l:lle Eligl~t:.
A method for co~lnteracling t.he engil-e tort~e is .obtalned by,a tangential conlpollenL o~ Ll~e .l.i~t Eo.~e. ~rl~is eEEecL .is creal:ed by the orientat~.on of tl~e jet nozz.les 30~, 3~)5 (see in parti.cu-lar fi.gs. la and ld). Fille ad~lsl:lnellt: Oe l~lle engine ~orq~le com-pensation call be e~ecl:0d hy meanæ o~ tlle ~.r.im-ta~ mecllarlisms 302 arranged in Lhe aix st.realn Oe l:lle nozzles 309, 3()5.
].0 21~975~
Yet anotller Inethod for collnl:el-acl:;.llg tte engine torqne 1()() i8i.lll.lstrat:ed in fig. 3 wllereby a slrla.l..l porl:;orl o~ tlle air stream is diverted. Two separate nozzles 2()9 w~icl) are ].ocated in a cerl:ain distance from tlle vertica.1 axis X pass.ing the centre o~
gravi.ty direcl tl-e anxil.iary a.i3- st.rea~ a ~)or.izolltal (,i.irec-tion. W~tl~ t~le a.;.d of oT~e c>~ tlle conl:rol grips 311 .local:ed oll one oE the steering arlls ~09 tlle tl~rott:]e va.l.ves 210 can be a~3-justed il~ order to contro.l tl)e a;r streams ~and tll~s tl~e ~er-torque).
Ille sllbassembly co~tai.rling ~ e jel: p.iEes 3()0 wi~ he nc-zz..les is connected to t.~e main rame by Ineans o~ a gi.m~)a.l. susperls;orl.
~his a~.].ows to change the ~ositiorl oE l:l~e jet rloz7~l.es relati.ve to the frame thlns slli.ftil~g l:l~e res~l.t.ir~g l:iÇt force tt- pass ~hroug~l the cel~tre of grav.i.l:~. One l~as l:o be aware ~l-at: ~Irder tll.is equili.br1uln t~e l~ovex ~l.;gllt w.;.]..] occl~r witll a si.mll.l.l:aneol~s translatory and rotatory motion of ~ e ~.l.igllt vell;.cle. Tl~e ar-rangement described above Eor t~le co~ rc).l of counteract1llg the engi.ne torque is capable to provide 1:11e necessary adi~stment:
T~e coT)tl~ol of t]~e ~laps h~s l:o be SUC~l that I:lle t~l.rlli.ng mol:.io of t~le hand~.e compenfiates tl1e er-g:i.ne l:~rque whereas tlle ax.;al motion o~ the llandle contro.ls tlle flaps i.Tl E~arallel and tlll~s the translatory motion.
With ~he motion of t~le subasserllb].y .it becollles necessary to seal the gap between the compressor sl~roud 201 and the subassemb].y by the use of a compensator 301 or bel.lows with t~ne or more corr~l-gations or folds. The attacl)lnent to t~e compor-elll:s can he ac- -tomp1ished by clamps or ol:h~er sllil:alle mealls. At t~le inside ~:he gap i.s covered by a s.lit3.in~ sleeve possil).l.y .il~ colllblna~:io~ itl~
a sl~itable flexible seal.
21~97~9 rl~e compressor sllrou-~ 201 whicll enc].oses t:lle prope].ler 200 ls f irmly secured to tl~e ~rame 1 ~)y means o~ a su1 ~:able struct-lre 207 .
Furtl7er solutiorls wil:h regard to t~le diverti.r)g and def].ectin~ o~the tllrust and for steering l:l~e ~licJllt vel)ic1e as we] 1 a~ stabi.-l.ising the equi li.b~ lll are illustral:ed in ~igs . qa 9t- 4c and 4d .
From Eig. 9a .it wi~ e a~Elarent tlla~ I)e dr3ving arranclement 100 ~.ogel:her wi th l:he f ram~ ~ t:l~e ~uel l:al~k ~ t) and tl-e mounted supE~orting a~rangernelll: CoTl.CJt.~ ll e a ~i rsl: llr~i.t ar~d tl~al: t:}le jet pipes 300 wi thin a su~sselllb~ y toyel:l)er- wi. tl) ~:I)e sl~ouded prc~-pel~er 20n consl:i.l:ute a secor~d ur):~ t and that ~2)e dri.ving ar-rangement 100 is conpled wi tl~ t~e F~rope] ler ~1)0 by means of a Cardarl Sllaft llt). '~`]l;.S Cardan shaft 110 i.ncorporates Eor ex-ample two homoki.neti.c urn;ver~a]. joinl:s as i~lus~rated. Cil:eeri.rl9 is effected by ~ispl.acin~ tl~e verl:ica.] neut:ra:l axis X thro~lgll a urliversal joi.nt 2 ~el:ween tlle E.i.rsl: and ~lle secolld u~;.ts in the vicini~y of tlle compressor jaclcet 2()1 . ~
From Eig. 4b i.t wi] l he apparent l:~lat l:lle driv:ing arrangelllent l O0 together wi. th tlle f rame 1. tl~e propel.l er 200 and the ~ et pipes 3()0 in their entirety Eonn a .i.rst uni 1: and tl~al: t:he Eue].
tarjlk 1() along wi th tl)e supporl:ing arrangemenl: mollnted orl i t for t he lluman pllol: P make np a secon~1 llni l: wl~erel-y tlle l:wo l~.i ts are joined l:ogetller l~y mea7ls oE a tl.lrnillq and tilt;ng join~ 6 .i tlle vicinity of l:l~e sl~p~orl:.ing arr~llgement. 1~lle ~El.i~ vel~ic~le can ~)e s~eered ~)y cl.irecl:ir~ e resu.l.~:anl: .l.i.l~l: Eorce.
Fr~m Eig. 4c it w.i.l..l l)e apparent l:l~al: I:he cross-lnounl:ed control Eins 3:1.5 316 for steeri.ng and sl:al)il.ising the El.lgll~ ve~licl.e are fixed l.ellgl:ll-wise and s;de-wise l:o a llol.low shaEt 3:14 wl~icl~
can move around il:s own ax.is l:llus pernl.i~:ti.rlg deflection oF l:lle 21~9759 .
a.ir stream i n any desi red di.rect.iorl . ~\ ï3Owden cal)le 303 whicl~
moves tlle contro.l. ~.ins v.ia rud~er axis 3t7 and contro:l griF) 311 has been Eit t:ed in the l~ l1.ow sl~at . By nieans of th.is tl-rust (~e-flecti.on arrar)geme-lt ~ ed at t he air-exit end of t} e jet pi.pe 300 l:he ~light vel);cle can be st al.)i.~..ised an~ steered.
Fro~ ig. A(3 it will. ~-e apparel\t ti)at: E~r tlle pl~rpose o~ st:eer-i.r)g an(3 st:a~:-i1ising t.l)e E3.igl~t: vellicle colltrol jel:s 31~ l~ave l~een ~].exib].y collp1ed at tt~e en(3 of l~lle jet p;pe 300 by means o~
a f~lrt~ler Cardan r.;ng 320 an(3 add.i.ti.onal. co~lp1i.rl9s 32~. rl)e st:ee.ri.ng arms 3t)9 are fi.rmly co~F)led wi(:}~ e moveab].e con~:rol.
jets 312. l`l~e movelllerlt-Eree sF)ac e ~ etween t:l)e contro1 no2;zles 32.
alld l:l~e je pi.pes 3()() .is sea.led ~)y n~earls oE an add;tiona] de-fl.ectlon compeT)$at:or 322. t~eflection of tl-e thrllst per~nits t}~e actlieven~eJll: of a st:a~].e st ate c ~ eqll;. I.ibri llm and steeril~g of t~lef1ight vehicle. Tlle ~Ise o~ further Cardan ri.ngs 320 to stah; l.i.se al~d steer ttle ~1igllt vellic].e wou.ld o~ course o~v.i.at:e t:lle need i~or the unive~sa1 joi nl: 2 .
In or(ter t:o perrni t t.lle f .l.i g]lt ve2li.c~ e l:o t~Jrr~ on :i ts own ax.i s wllen i.n llover E1ig~lt or l~o fly l:hro~Jg~ igh~: c~lrve~ e con-trol fins 302 (see figs. 1~ :lc) wlic~l divert tl-e a:ir stream eitller forwards or l~ackwar(3~ dependill~ on t:lle a~justlllent are moved ~)y meatlS oE Bowden cabl.e 303 operated by cor~tro~ grip 31:1..
A.l.ong w;.th t~le s~:eering a.id t:l ;g di.versiorl additi.ona11y part.ial-ly equa1i.ses the torq~le of tlle prol?el~er 200 and t~le driving ar-rangemerlt 10(). Tl~e exhall~sl: systelll lt)l. E~rov.ided Eor t:lle ctr;v;ng arrangement 100 is an i.mporl:ant aspect regardi.ng t~le engir-e o~t-pl~t 1n the case of a driv;nglarrangemenl: wll.i.c?l rql.ies on an in-ternal. ~ombl~st.ior~ eng.i.ne/E~is~:ol- enq.i ne . l lle end pi.pes of t:l~e ex -llaust system 101 are directet3 downward~s in the qelleral b.l.as~:i ng di.rect.ion and l~ s prodllce adde(3 IJE)l l Et wi tll ttle eng1rle extlaust gases. A wat:er coo].er 11)3 for coc).l..ing tlle cy.llnder l~ead oE tl~e plston engi.~e is so arranged l:l~al: ttle ambient a.ir ~asses ~:tlrough ` ~ 21497~9 as m~lcl- as poss.i.~le. 'l~lnis pass,ing tllro~ oE t.he ambie~ a.i.r car e as~sllred or en(oorage(3 ~y mealls Oe sui~al-le air eool.illg vanes 109 in the airstrealll of ~lle o~ltlet llo~zles 304, 305.
The dri.vi.llg arr.angemerlt 1.()0 .i.s sec~lred to l:he franle ~ hy mealls oE arl englne Ino~llltirl9 g wil~ ai,ll c.lalnpil)g 17O]ts oll vibratioo absorbers 1()4. Furtl~ennore, it i~s also F)ossihle t:o sect~re tlle E~i ston enyirle to l:lle frallle 1 v,ia l:lle cyl.;llder llead screw COIlp-ling on tlle cy].ir~3er l~ea(i witll ~rov;sion for vibrat:jc)rl absorp-l:iol~ by means o~ a cy]il-der head Ino~ t,ing 5. ~ vibrat.iol) ab-sorl.)i.ng couplir)g ~lange ](12 w,itll star-sha~ed r~bl~er si~enl:
~l.ocki.rlg of t.?-le main sl~af~: or crallksllaft ~()'7 co~p].es t~le .latter wi.th the vi.~ration-absorl~ tl ~lr;ve sl~Aft: 1.()8 ma~3e of carbon Ej-b~es. 'l`Jle ~ue,i. tank l() Wil:ll tl)e su~)~)c)rt;.~g arrar-gelllenl: mc~ tedupon i.t: .is boll:ed direcl:~y onl:o fxame 1 wi.î:h s.i].erlt block.ing.
On one of tlle top sides oE tl~e fuel tank 1~) is a ~ank fi.l.li.ng connecting ~iece 13, a tan)c vent:i).at.illg valve i.2 and an elec-~:rical measllri.rlg Ullit ~1 to Ineas~lre tlle conter-t of tlle fuel.
tank. A fl.lel collrlecl:.ir~g n.ipp]r.~ 14 .is ].ocal:ed on one of tl-e ~ot.tolrl fllnnel-sllaper3 t:apered eo~is oE l:l~e Ellel tanlc 1n. ~xpal~d-a~)le walls 15 or an expans;.or~ o~ e fi~el. tallk ~0 prevent swi:l-of ~le Eue,l .i.rls~de the tanJc. ~n31:la~mer~ts 308 to indi.cal:e ~I)e Euel. level inside l:he fue] tank ~.(), the rotational speed of the dri.ving arrallgemel-t ~()() and l:lle operating temperal:ure of tlle drivi,r~g arrangement 100 are lc~cated Oll ~lle s~eeri.ng al-m 309. An adjus~able heigilt stalld ~ or stanc1ir)9 :l.eg of ~he fli.gllt velli.cle i.s screw-coupled Witll tlle Erame :1. arld perln.its sel.E-su;?porteci par)ci.llg of l:l~e f:light vellicle. 'I`l~e s~al~-3 8 can he retrac~ed or raised dl~ri.llg ~lle ~li.yllt al~d is Eittet3 wil:~l a shock a~)sor~)er whi.ch acts as ilnpact ai~sor~-er 4~ .in l:l~e eveT~t of tlle fl.igllt ve-hi.cle crasll.illg to t~e gro~ lle sl:a~d n call a Lso ~)e des.igrled to llave a rol:ating ax,is, o.~ I:o serve a.s a 3talldir~g plat~onn for the ~luman pi.lot durirlg t~le fl..ight ~not illals~rated~ acket.inq 206 oE t~le compressor drlv:illg c;o.l.lar 2n4 oE ~:he propeller ?.00 el~llances tlle aerociyrlanlic d.irec~1ng o~ the impelled air.
1~
21497~!~
.~.
fl~rl:her variation for ~ e coolillg of l:he piston engine i s showll in fi.gs. le ant~ lf. ~ ring water coo1er lll (flg. lE) or a ring water cooler ~ 2 wit~ air pal:h ring (fig. ~.f) are o cir-cu1ar design and Eorm a joirltless connect.ion wit~ the compressor intalce Eunne1 202 oE tl~e propel..ler 2t)n wll.iCh impe1s p art oE t he approacllirlg air t l-Iollgll tlle rillg wat er coolers :l.~ 12. ~y means of l:he op~ilna:l arrangelne~l oE l:I)e r.ing water cooler on t:he edge oE tlle colllpressor il~t:ake funne]. ~02 as il].llsl:rated and b.y prov.idillg an ai r contlllcti.llg ri r~g for imE~roved cc~nveyil-g oE a.i.r to tlle ring wal:er coo~ er l:lle a.ir inlpe:l ~ ed at hlgller ve].oc; l:y i s not c~ l s l:urbed bu t ra 1 ~ler en~)a l~c:ed .
Yet anc.ther variation for l:)le cooling of i:he pis~:orl engine/dr.iv-;ng arrang~n~ t: lOt) i.s F~resellte~ iTl fiq. îg. E~y means of a mo~ t irlg Erame 11~ a coo]..irlg JOl:Or 11~; .ifi l~ t ed be]ow ~lle dr~v-ing arrangement 100. ~)r1ving ot ~ e cool irlg rotor 115 is eE~ecl:-ed l~y Ineans o.f a toothed L)el.l: Il.1 7 and a be3 t p~ll].ey 116 at tacllec3 to the bo~tolll ent1 o~ e craTlksl-a.Ft 1.()7. Jlle air strealn set up hy ~tle cooling ro~c)r 1~5 ;.s ~ed ~ ro~lg~l an a.ir in.l.et cana~
to a fl.at cooJer ~.].9 ]ocat ed L)e.Low. l~lle a:ir f.lows tll~ougll the 1atl:er. lhrollgh the llse c)f l~e.lt pu1:1e~s J.16 w.itll diferellt d.ia-meters the rotationa.l. speed o tlle cool..iTIg rol:or 115 can he vari ed .
Sti..l.1 anot~er var.i.ant Eor. t he coo].ing oE l:he p.i storl engi.rle .i s shown in flg. ~ rhi~s ~ig~re a]so shows t-lle possi.b~.e replace-ment oE t:he )~uman pi.lot P t-y a remol:e co~ ro.lletl p.i 1 c>t. 4 t)9 .
.ooling of l:lle ~iStt~ll engirle i.s e~fecl:e~ by means o~ a.ir t3;vert-ed Erom the maj.n stream illtO the iet p;pes 3t)0 t)y nlealls oE ~air conducting canals :1.2t) on tlle -~el: p.lpe and supc!l.ied to watt r-cooling elements 121 fi.tted to l-l~e jet F)i.pe el~ds~ Whel~e tllt?
hllmall pi.l.ot P i9 repl.ace~ ~y a remol:e-control].ed pl].ol: 409 I t is possible to use l:he fligllt veh~cle l.~nlllarlrled. In this case tl~e remote-controlled p.i..Lot gO9 takes over l:he furlctioll of def lect-,. .
ing the jet plpe 3()l) for stee~.ing p~lrpo~es and for requl.~.tt.irlgthe equilibrium. Ry virtlJe of the considerab].y greater eff;cierl-cy of the shrolded propel.ler compared with a lleli.co~ter in tlle same weight category th.is type of remote cor-trol.led ~lig}lt ve-hic].e is consi.dered parl:icularly suitab]e for materi.al transport missions an~ for monitoring assignl-lents.
Fig. l.i. shows a hypass system for tur~o-c~larg.il-q tlle eng;rle per-fonrlallce of the pi.ston engitle. rle L-ypass sy~teln ll3 ~s fitte~
nder the stator ring 2~5 of t:he sllrol~ded propel.].er ~0() and con-necte~3 directly t:o the intake funrle:l. o I:lle en~.i.ne carhuret~:or.
-As shown .i.l~ Eig. ~.j the eng.i.ne-side colt~)l.i.ng flange .tO2 can be designed as a coupli.ng f.l.ange w.;.l:h starl:er be].t ~ulley 122 ~o t1lat the engi.lle can be started b.y Ineans of a rope wound round the starter belt pulley and ~nlled ~y hand. Connecting s~okes ~.23 o~ tl~e coupling ~].ange with starter ~)elt ~u].ley 122 display a fi.n-like warping w:ith the result t~)at they provi.de ~or alr c.ircu].ation when in rotat:.;orl and t]liS coo].s the components mounted above and below.
~s wi.l.l be seen Erom Eig. 5 an elnergency escape ~ysteln AOO ~as been provi.ded comprisinq a parachute qO1 wh.ich can be i.llf]al:ed by mearls of gas cartri(3ges. Tlle mechallislll is re].eased autonlati-cal~y or witll l:lle activation of an emergency ~arachute strap 40t7. Eteca~lse o I:lle very ~ow a]t;tu~es at wh3ch the fligl~t ve-hic].e i.s normally used it .;s essentia~ ~hat the parach~te 4~1 .shoul.d open extremely q~liclc.l.y in the event oE thrllst ~ai~lre.
Since the flight vehic)e does n~t ~ave any exp~sed rot:or or ~;n arrangement the parach~ e ~nl can be ejec~ed vertically npwards witl~ very sllor~ lines.
1.6 21~97~9 ,~
, In the presentation with tl~e designal:it?rl St-age 1 the parachl~te 401 .is in packed state in a paracl~lte case 90~ witll gas car-tridges ~03. l`tle gas cartr;.dges 9~)3 for accelerated o~enil)g of tl-e parachllte 901 llave nol: yet been act.iva~ed~ ~90 packed a.l.ong witll paracllllte 9n1 .i.s an expans;.on cart:ri.flge gnq conlplel:e wi.tll a s~itable detonator. :~n this case tlle volllnle of tl~e paracl~ e is fi].led np more ~ui.ckJ.y l~y mearls o gas exparlsiorl. ~n t~le preser--tation marked w1tll St:age 2 tl~e mix~dle carl:ri.dge 403 plll.].s l:l~e paracllute 9~1 Ol~t ~ tl)e pal-achute case 902 nnti1 the paracl~r.lte .l.i.r~es 405 are fo].1y extended. ~s sllown in Stage 3 t:l~ese 1.ines act.ivate the allxi.l.;ary cart:ridges 4()3a and 403b wl~ich open tlle parachute 9U1 more quickl.y. I`lle El.ow straps 9()6 al.so contribl~l:e towards the faster opel~ing of tlle parac~ e 901. ~t the salne ~ime t:he ex~ansior~ carl:r.i.dge 409 Iocated Ol) tlle underside of tl~e parachute 901 i.6 ac!.-v~al-ed by the a~lxil.;ary cartridges 403a ant3 903b. wi.tll t:llei.r he3p tl-e paIacllute 9()~ .i.s opened with;n tlle brief2st peri.od. In the pl)ase marked St:age 9 tlle paracllute ~01 i.S in its fu11y opened state.
21~97~i9 . ~ .
.
Reference list ~ U8~ rl~mber*:
P Hulnan pllol X Neutral ~xi~
Frame Univer~al joint ~' Car~n rin 3 (~onnectir)g rl 4 En~ine mo~ tin~
5 Cyllnd~r l~e~d mourltln~
Tllting Joillt 7 ivialn elalllplng boils Slan~
9 ~n~irle foull~iallon ~rarne 1O i-uellank 11 iMeasurirl~ unil 1~ Tank ven~ilatin~ valve 13 'ranl< fllling corlnectinJ pl~ce 14 Fu~l c~nlleotin~ nlpple 15 Expan~abl~ ~alls 16 ~elt arr~ngerl1enl 17 5lr~p connecllo 100 C~rlvin~ arrangemenl 101 Exilausl sy~l~rn 10~ (~cuplin~ ~lan~e 103 Water oooler 104 Vibratlon at~sorbe 105 Hqnd startar i~)6 7ubular strucl~lre 1 07 Cr~nl<shaft 108 Rotatln~ drlve shaFt 109 ~ir ooolln~ vanes 110 Cardarl sllaft 111 Rin~ waler c~oler 112 i~ln~ ~aler cooler Witll air p~lh rirlg 113 Byp~ss ~yslern Mo~lnti~ frame 115 i~otor cool~r 116 ~ell pulley 2l~97s9 ':
117 Toollled belt 118 Air Inlet canal 1 19 Flat cooler 120 Air cnnductln~ c~n~l 121 Water coolln~ elemerlt 122 Sta~ter ~ell pulley 12~ ~:onnec~ y spokes 200 ~hrou~Jed pl (~peller --~00' Propeller 201 Cor~lpressor sl~roud 20~ Comp~esst)r int~l~e ~rlnel ~03 ComprQsst~r blade~
204 Drivln~ colar z~5 5tator rin ~05' S~ator 206 Jacketlr 207 Suital~ie struclur~
208 Pr~opeller shaft ~0~ Deilec~ion noz~les 210 Throttle v~lve 300 J~t plpe 301 C~ompsnsator 30~ Trim-tat~ rnech~nlsln~
303 i3Owd~n c~ble 304 Outlet no~zle 305 Outletn~
306 Twisted Jet pipe 307 Twislecl Jet pipe 3U3 Instr~lnents 30~ Sleerln~ arrn 310 t~as lhroltle 311 Con!rot ~rlp 312 M~veable control valves 31 3 Hirl~e 314 I-iollc1w shafl 315 Lorlgitll~llni)11y mounte~i cort~rf~l flns 316 Cross-mounted control fins 317 i~udder axls 318 Conneclin~ rod 31~ ~crewed connecllon 320 i urther c~rd~n rln~
321 Further addi~lonal couplin~
322 FurthRr additlonal deflec~lon cctmpensa~or 1.9 f 21~7~9 i . .
.
400 Em~rger~cy esc~pe system 401 P~ract~ e 40~ Pal achut~ ca~e 403 G~s cartrl~cs 403a ~uxlli~ry c~rtr1clge 403b Auxlliary cartrld~e 404 Exp~n~lon c~rtrld~e 405 Par~ch~lte line 40~ Fl~w ~r~ps 4~7 Em~rgency parach~l~e slrap 408 Impact a~sc)lbcr 7.()
F]i.ght vellis.les oE tll~S l~-~e a;. ~ knowrl, llti].i.7~ 9 eitller foel-powe~:ed roclcel:-lioosl,ers, El~e.l-powered gas l:~lrb:ine engi.l~es t.~r fue~. powel:e~q gaso.l..ine or (~:iese.l. engit)es. ~1l t:t)e c,ase o rockel:
encJi~es an(3 yas t:~nr~.ine erly:~nes, jel:s are directed in a ~Ow11-wards d.;.rectioll so l:llat tlle llol: gases tl~erefoIe represelll: a danyer. ~ is is nol: o~l:ly a rislc to l:he ~)i.lot:, t)~Jt it also nligl~t ~gni.te ;llf]ammat):le nlal,eri.al.s on l:he gro~ t3, fi~Ch as t3ry grass aT~d sl~r~lbl.)ery.
Additionall.y, tihe llig}~ tell~E)erature oE l:l~ese gases E)~.aces a Ie-str.i.c~ion on tl~e c~oice oE mater.i.a] s ~sed in t;he const3:ucl::ic)l~ o~
tlle flight vehicle. For example plast:ics and a].~lmir~ n carlrlot be used Eor componellts exposed t:o l~ot exl~aust gases.
~ ' :
US i~-3 023 9~0 is corlcerr~ed witll a f::l iglll: vel)i.c:le oE tllis ty~oe powered by a ' gas l:urbille engine~ ~rhe ~] iyht velli.cl.e llas a Su pOrl:illg ~ralne Wlli.CIl Ca~ be stra~)et~ Ol~t:O l:l~e ~ack of a hutlla pilot. ~viatiorl ga901 llle or Icerosene, for examp]~e, Inay be used to fue]. the gas turbine ellgirle. 'I`~le gas lnlrbl rle erlg i ne wl)~ ch consls~s of a ~adia]. Elow colnF)ressor and o~le or more colnl)~ls~..i.on cl)ambers and a turbirle, whereby tlle ct.~mpressc)r alld l.:lle t~rl:):i ne ::~
' rotal:e on a comll~oll sllaEt. I`lle proE~el.~er draws in am~ienl: air whicll is heated in tt~e colllbustion cllamber beEore retu3-ning t:o the gas t~lrbine. I~)~e gas tllr~irle exllaust gases are expanded to ambient pressure thr.ough two jet pipes whicll l~ave nozzles locat-ed beside tl-e p.i.lot. I`he l~ot ~as stream wl1i~h l)as a te~n-perat~lre of a~ol~t 1200 ~ (700 C1 ~)rovi.des l:~e necessary lit Eorce. ~or t.he purpose of steering tl-e fl.ig~-t vel~icle tl~e l~ot gas jet can ~e di.ver.ted relative to t})e engine frame. rhe ex-hallst pipe6 wjt~ tlle nozz3es carl be sl-i.fted relative to the en-gine f~ame ~y Inean~ of a control lever. I~.isadvantages oF t)-is fligl~ vehlc.le are to l~e seer~ in the ligl~ temperature of tl~e ex-l~al~st gases and l:he fact ~hal~ e lligh ~uel cor)s~]mption perln11:s on~y a sl~ort fligl~t dural:ior). rl)e hig11 iTli t i.a]. costs of gas tulbirle engi.nes and tlle fre~auenl: n~a.illl:enance services are fllr-t~er negat.ive crit.eri.a fOt- tl~;8 Vell.jt~,le, US-A-4 795 111 is concerrled w.ith a remote control.led ~Iy.ing pla~forrn wi.th a piston .i.nterna.l conll)usl::i.oll erlgi.r~e W~l.;C~ di.rect:~.y drives an encaset3 or sl~rouded proE~e.l..l.er. Pi.]oted ~y remote con-trol t}~is vehic].e i.s usetd Irlosl:~y as an c~ servatl.on E~]at~onll or mi.litary but also for c.ivil. ~ -poses ~WI~i]st the posslbi.lity of tlle p].atform carry;.nq a 13uman pi].ol: .i.s merltiolled no descriptior 1s g1ven ~æ to llow l:his can ~e ac~omplisl-ed. rlle prob]elrl oE not exhaust gases is not)-ex.isl:ert wi.l:l~ tlli~ f~.yi.ng ~].atForm. ~low ever the platform as descri}.~ed ~anr~ol: be sl:rapped to the hack of a humarl pilot. l`l~e ca~lng surrolln~3ing l:he propel~er opens in-tp a circulllfeI-entia]. ~et pipe. ll~e ex:it Elow Erom tl-e prope].ler n]ess guidetd in SU; ta~.le ducl:s ~s a.re ~ei.rlg prov;.tled i.r~ e s~l}~ject .invention wou~.d f.low at randc)lll over t:l~e pilot w;.tl~ loss of t}lrllst and Wi.t~lOut: tl~e poss.i.~).i.l.lty of cor~t~:olling t~le ~alance.
Accordinq~.y tl~ere is a need Eor a .1.i.gt~t vel~i.c.l.e of t~e typeinit.ial].y reEerred to witl~ exhaust gases oE such a low tempera-!. 2 1 4 9 7 5 9 ture tllat they are essentialJ.y l~arnl.less and whlc~ s permi.optimal selection o li.ghtweigl)t mater.ial.s ~or the construc~ior oE the ~li.ght vehlcle. Fur~:hennore il: i.9 des.iral~le tt~at a ~lighl: vehi.cle perlllits to ~e airtorne for lonc3er periods.
e purpose of tl~e ;nverltion descr:ibet~ llere is to nleet ~ is demand. With the object of: of~ering a sol~.ltion a f~.ight vehicle of tlle type in].l:ially menl:ioned anfl cllaracl:e~ ed ~-~ the co~
I)ination of feal:ures ind.i.cal:er3 nT~t3er C.la:i.m ~ i.fi ~escr.il~ed l~ere.
~dvantageous Eurtl-er developn~ents of tlle ~].i.ght vehicle as per inventi.on are defined in tl-e .re.l.ated c~ain~s.
rhis present i.nventioll n~ake~ .it ~os .il.~le to l.i~t a loa-l - wl~ich ~ self is capa~le o perForll~ing pi].ot..i.ng functions and tln.ls pilot ~he fl.i.gh~ vehicle. ~f ~he .l.oad .is a human pilot tl~e flight vehi.cle as per .irlvelltio[- is st:rapped to a supporti.rlg frame. This ena~les tl~e pilol: to remai.l~ airborlle for a prolollged period (of ~3p ~0 one hollr an~ Ino~e). Tlle pil.ol: llas tl~e choi~e l:o hovex free].y or 1y over a certa.i.n d.i.sl:ance. rl~e f.li.qill: velli.c~.e can be powered by for exan~p.le all Ot:t:~ carburet.tor-t:ype e~.lel-powered piston engi.ne wll;cl-l - via a dr.ivirlg shaEt - dr.ives l:he overhead propeller wlli.c~ acce].erates tl~e ai.r downwards tllrol-gh tw~ or more ver~ical jel: p.ipes. niesel or Wankel type internal combllstion engines wonld also be suitable to power the fl.;ght vehi.cle. In~ernal colrlbt~sti.on engines running on different Fuels av,ai lable can be llsed.
As the compressor geornel:!ry can he seJ.ect:ed l:o ~he characteri~ic of ~he drivlny engine .it .i.~s possi~):le to avoid gears he~ween tl~e crankshaft oE tl~e piston enqi.ne an(3 ~lle ~ropell.er. ~.i rect drive represents a considera~le simp3.i~.i.ca~iorl wi~ signiEi.cal~ weighl:
savi.ng .
21497~
In contrast to a l~e].icopt:er Wl~i.C~l reqll.i.res specia]. mea~ls I:ocounteract the engi.ne torq~e i.n tlle preserlt invention i.t is possib].e to co~lnteract tlle engine torqr~e by sultable orien~atiol-of tlle exha~lst jets. ~rhere i9 no need for a special propeller lllOUrlted OJl an extellded struct~lre.
rlle arrangelnent of tlle present i llvenl:i.oll can be designed ~o n\eet the demand for a .low wei.gllt vehi.c~ e. r~e ~].i.g}~t vehicle as per l.:iliS pl:eSerll~ VelltiOIl :IS re~dil.y manoe~]vra~]e easy to t rans-port easy to assemble ar~d wllel~ on tl)e grol~rld can be carr~.ed by one per-son. Starting and operat;.ng tl~e con~.rols requ.ire simple F)rocedu)^es. I`~e (lescribed f.1..ig~lt velljc]e car~ al.so perforlll ~.l.igllt.narloellvres ~hi.cl~ ca[lnot he perfonned witll ol:ller we].l-kllowr f ] igl)t vel~icles SIICIl as ~ixed wi.ng a.i rcral~t t~ ra].i.gl)ts kites motor.ised glidi.ng-type paracllutes l)ar)g gli.ders el:c. It i.s a].so possi.b~.e to approac~) regior)s or objects wllicl~ cou](3 nc)t l)e reached easi~y ~ al: alJ - cby l~elico;c7~:er sucll as narrow mountai.n gorges . FUI l:l~e~ Qre tlle E].i gllt vell.i cle as per t~li s present i.nventiorl dlle l:o its sllia] I all~ st~rc~l]de(9 prope] ]er C~n ~].y betweerl narrow JowS oll hol~se9, .ill c.loYe p rox.iln; l:y (:o tlle ho~]sewal l.s ba.l.co-lies el:c. .~
dec.i.sive advarl~age wl~icll c~ear].y disti.ngllis~les t~li.s present:
jl)ver)~ion from a.1.ready knc)wn types oE f].igllt vel~i.cles is to be seen .iJ) the use of an .i.nterna.l. comblJsl:;oll or pi.ston engine. Com-pared wi th o~:ller (3ri ving arrallgernellts S~3C]~ as gas turbine er~ -gines chemical. ~r;ving ~systellls - to- exan~ .e ns;ng llydrogerl peroxi(3e - t}le ~)i.sl:oll e-~gille .;.s ml~cll mo) e e~i.cier~t ar)(3 ~llus allows cortsiderat).l.y ior-ger Ejerio(~s o~ f l.igl~t. Fnrtllerlllore tile piston engine is sim)le and rc~blls~ le l..o .i~:s l.ow pri.ce tl)e operati.ng costs are rela~lve~y low~ Servlce al)d Inal~ltella~lce C09tS oE piston el~gines compare ~avo~rab.l.y wi~ll t~lose of gas turbine engines . I`he E~.lel.s ~or E)i st:on engi.rles are commoll.ly available fuels.
,~, 21497S3 In v.i.ew oE tl-e l.ow ~emperal:ure o~ e air.- sl:ream general:ed ~y the proE)ell.er, t}le colnpollent o~ ~he p~oE-el:l.er as well as l:lle jet pipes can be marll)factu.re(~ in composll:e E.i~)re materi.a].s. Even lf the exhallst gases Ert~m tlle piston ellgine, as it migllt he atlvar)-I:ageo~s in sorne cases, are nlixed wi~l~ Ihe ai.r s~ream, t:he t:em-peratures are sl1eficienl:1y l.ow for t.lle nse o~ colllposil:e mate-.ria~.s.
.
The fli.gllt vehic].e as ~er ~llverltiol) particular].~ lends i.tselE to use as a transporl vel~icle ~or Eir6l:-aic1 workers .iTl reSC~le oper-at.ions in locatiolls ~.i.FEicu.ll: I:o access, c~r in conges~:ed area~s.
SUCll as cit:ies, wllere, ~ecanse o heavy tra~ic or otl-er 2~in-drarlces, the injl~re~ persorls carlnot: be reaclleti .in time by con-ven~iorlal transt)or~ vel~i.c'es. rl~e F.l.:i.c311~: ve;lic].e as per i.rlvel~-ti.on can a].sc be used ~o advan~age in rescue act.ion6 in ~he case of fires i~ igll ri.se blli.~d:ings wllere it migllt be used to ferry er-dangered persorl~s I:o sa~ety. 'l'h.is i.s parti.cu~arly e~pedient in cases where conver~tiollal.lnearls sucl~ as rescue ladders or l~e.li-copl:ers cal~not be used CtI wc~u~d not he the most su~tab]e.
~urtllermore, tl-e fligl~ vel~icle as ~er i.nvention is a part.icul-ar].y li.ght, sma].l and Eavourably priced air tIallsport: veh.l.cle for whi.ch even the smalJ.es~: sE~ace is adequate for s~arting and landing. As Ear as the ].andi.r)g and sl:art:ing environlnent i.s ct~n-cerned, tlle flight vehic.le as Eer .i.~ventiorl is l.ess sensiti.ve th~ll, for example, fl.ight vehic]es ~owered by gas l:~lrb.ine en-gines In the case oE the ~al:l:er ~llere ;s ~he r.islc tlla~: when near to the ~roul~d e~haus~: gas rec.i.rculation wi].] reduce ll~e thrust, or tl~at pollutanl:s ~ucll as dust, l.eaves, small sl:ones etc. may be drawn into tlle (iriv.inq sy~tem an(i thus damage l:l~e impe].lor or the ~ur~.ine.
, 21~97~9 rl-e f.light vehicle as per :invenl:iorl is therefore su.i.l:abl.e ~or accessing locati.otls ot}lerwise nol: possi.b~.e cl~eaply allc~ q~lickly -for example in or(~er l:o carry 0~1t control anfl sllE)ervision assign-meilts. .rJ-e 1.igll~ vellic]e as per invent:iorl ls s.i.mp].e to marl-oeuvre and er-ab)es ~I-e l~ulnan p.i.l.o~ l:o fl.y tl~rollgh wooded re-gi.ons. Flying over longer distance~s j~.~.st above groun~3 i.s also quite feasible. r~ us tl-ere are nl.lmerous poss;.b].e a~pli.t~at.i.o-ls for mi].itary p~lrE~oses. ~ t3 ex~ended ~;me ll~is f.l.igh~ vellicle can s~ay i.n the air its cor-lpact col-st:rl~ctio-l is decisive in pro-vi.dj.ng a wide scope of appl;catiorls. ll~e vellic]e descrl~ed above cal~ also be llsed as an at~ractive sports a(:t~v.ity.
By vi.rtue oE the preEerred -ove~. and ~)art;cl.l.l.arty simp]e driv-i.r~g arrange.nent Wl~iCII conl~r;.ses a colllb.i.nal:i.on of interllal COIll-bustion engine shrouded propel.l.er and do~l~led jet pipe it: is possi.ble to achieve opti.mal dlrect~ g o~ t)le al r strealn an~ US
convert tlle energy oE tl)e engi.rle Wil:?l l~igl~ efficiency. lt~e di.rect coupli.ng o~ the internal combusti.orl engi.ne witll tl-e pro-peller allows the optillla]. util:i.æati.c~rl of the RPM rarlge of t:1~e internal colnbustiol~ eng.ille .irl combi.nal:.ion witll the aerodynam.ic design of the prope~.].er. Il)e ail sl:ream~:leavil)g tl~e jet p;.~e al:
sllbsonic velocity .ifi capat)l.e in producing t:he lift force at higller effi.cierlcy tllan it i~ possib].e wi.th t:l~e gas tur~i.ne en-gine. Accordingly the flight vehic].e as per t}li.s present inven-tloll has a lower ue] cons~lnption wll.icll in turn ~)enn.its lc~nger air~orne periods.
~xalnples of constrlJc~i.orls oE l:l-e f~..i.gl)l: vellicle as per lnvent.ion are disc~lsse~ irl t3etai.1. be~.ow on ~.lle bas.is oE slce~cl~e.s wi.tll :i.c3ellt;cal parts i.n the var.iol~s skel:che~s i.del)l:if.ied ~y l:l)e same reference nllmbers.
Fi.gs. la Ib in each case sllow a corlstr).lct:i.c)rlal exampl.e oE a ~ ,' 21~
1c and 1d fl.ig?lt vellicl.e as pel. inventioll (strapE-ed onto tlle back of a hulnarl pllot) in sc~elnatic si.de view, front view wi 1:1~ part.i.al transverse section, front view, and top v.iew;
figs. le, 1f sl~ow a water coole:r o~ tlle air colnpressor intake f~lnllel for cooling tl~e pisl:on engiTle;
Eig. Ig sllows a coo].ing rol:or driver3 by the dr.ive sl-af t and a water coo.ler part ~or cooJirlg ~lle ~istor eng1ne;
~;.g. 1~1 sllows water cooJ.ing e].emenl:s at tl~e ends of t:lle jel: E~ es Eor COO]..i.ll9 the pi.ston engille; a~so s~lown i s a remol:e conl:.rolled E); lot instead c)E a l~umarl E~i l.ot:;
~lg. li shows a l)ypass sy~;telll f~r t ~Irbo-cllargi.llg tlle engi.ne E)er~orl-lal)ce oE l:l~e ~iStOJl engi.rle;
f .ig . 1 j shows a co~lE).l i T-9 tE 1 ange ~esi gned as a starti l~g be.lt pl~l ley;
fig. 2 SIIC~WS the cc)rlst.rl~ct:iol~ of tl)e Illliversa.l :ioillt i e vi~cini.l:y~o I:he propelJer;
l~ig. 3 SI~OW8 - .in Sclle!llal:i~c l:Op vi.ew - a ~art oE tl~e Eligh~: vel~lcle as per ll~vel~tlon as .ill ~lgs. la, lb, 1c arld ld l:o .i ] .lnstIate a Elossil~i].it~ Eor eng ine torque compen~a t iO~I;
, f~; 21~97S9 fig. ~a gb Sllow in eacl~ casé in scl)elnal i.e side view a ~art 4~ and ~d oE the fligbt vel~3cle as E)er .inventiorl as in f.igs. la 1.b Ic anc3 ~.d to i].Just rate ~oss.ibi:l.i.-t ies ~Ol ad j~lsl:;ng I..lle 3.ire( tion of tl~e air s t rea~n .
i g . 5 s l)ows s c 1l ema t i ca l ] y t:l) e nlo(3e o E ~ u nc t: i ol~ i r~ o E a rescue systeln of l:l~e f]igllt vellic~e as ~er inverl-t;.on as in i~igs. ~a :l.b lc alld l.d.
As can be ~een from fi.g. ~a .in paxt:.iclllar t:he Eligl-t vell;c:le is carri.ed on t;~ hark r.~f a hllmarl pi::lot P. 7~ corset also f~l.l.~l].s l:he fnncti.orl of fuel ~.ank 10 as wel.l. as Eor-m;.ng t:lle conl:act sur-face wit1~ the back of t:lle ~ulllan pi.lot P. 13y mearls of a be].t ar-~ rangelnellt 9 whicl~ forms a seat a frj.ct.i.oTlal connect1on is es-tab.lis?~ed between the )-uman F)i:l.ot and l:he ~.iq}lt vellicle using a strap connecti.on 17 . BeEore and af t:er tlle flight thi.s is also used by the humar- p.i]ot t:o c arry t:lle ~ igllt vel~icle. l`he centre of grav,.ty X oE tl)e fligl~t vehicle w.i.l.h l:l~e l~l~rllan pi.lot. or the -~ .I.oad re~;pectively ruT-s (wllen t:he fligll~ velli.c~e is ln norlllal - flight posi.tlon) between a drivi.ng arrangelnent 100 and tl~e l~ nanpilcst P e~sential.ly tl~rough tl~e m:i.ddle of the outlet nozæ~ e.s 304 305 which are pref erab].y mounted ahove ttle common cent:re oE
gravi.ty oE the f ligllt vehi.cle and t~le hlllnarl E)i.l~jt P. By means of a gas throttle 310 on vne of ~wo sl:eering arms 309 the human ~- pi!lot P reguLates the o~ltpUt oE a piston engiJ)e wl~ich consti-tutes the dr.i.virlg arrangemellt 1()0 and wlllch can be started by means of a hand start~er 105. ll:~e driving arrangemellt 100 l~s sup-plled wi.th fuel from tl~e E~el ~.ank 10 by a comlllercia~ly avail-ab.le fuel i.njection sy~st:em. I`l~e ~el tank 1() may he (i.ivided .illl:o a n unlt)er o sect1ons a:LI:errla~:lvely tller e Inay be a numt)er o~
~uel tank~.
. ~
21~97,S~ ;
A shrout~ed prope]ler 2~ w.i~ carborl ~il. re compressor Ei.ns 2n3 iS arral~ged ill SUCll posi.ti.on on the f]..;.gllt vellicle; tlle ~ropel-ler s1~a~t is directly co~lp~et~ w~ a cral)kshaft ln7 oE tl~e driv-ing arrangemer-t 10(~ hy a carbc)n ~re dr;ve sl-aE~ 10~ wllicl~ -when the fli.ght ve~ic~.e ;s i.ll norma.l. f~.igl~t positit?n - i.s es~serl-tlally perpendlcular.
The E~rope].ler shaft 208 er-ds in a compressor hub 204 made of alumi.ni.~1m wh1cl~ carries ~ e compressor t~lades. T~le propel].er shaEt 20~ pre~era~].y runs oll ~e~-Jl~bricat-ing L)earirlgs. via tl)e air compressor intake fullrlel ~02 arral-ged above t:he h~lln3n pilot the pro~el.ler adm;.ts ambienl: air. ~ter passing I:lle com-pressor blades tlle air passes a carbol~-fil)re st~l:or ~05. l~l~is stator se~es t:o reniove the tangent:i.a]. Elow com~ollerlt. 5~ e-q~lently the air f].ow .is distril:)~ted ~etween two jet p.i.pe6 3n~, also made of carbon Fi.l~res. rlle outlet noz~.].es 3~)~ 305 posi-~ioned .laterally beside the llumarl ~);.l.ot P at tl~e ends of t:Jle jet pi.pes 3()~ supply the I.i.ft force which carries tl~e h~man ~ilot off thtS g~o~3nd.
Increasillg the perforlllar)ce o~ tl~e drlvirlg arrangemer~t 10() re-SU].tS in a higher rotat.i.olla]. speed of tl~e pro~)eller 2()0. ~rhe compressor blades 2t)3 thus i.r~crease t:he ai.r flow whicl~ leaves the outlet nozz].es 304 30~ at ll.;.gher exit velocity tllus ill-creaslng the li.f t orce.
The caIl70ll-fi.hre st:at.or l.)].ades remove l:he anglllar Inoment ~111 oE
tl~e~ai.r stream l.eavi.nq ~ e propel.].er. ~.r~ ~:h;.s arrangelnerll: t.he engi.r-e power o~ pnt: is collvel^ted to a h;t~h degree irlto k.il~el-.lc erlergy whicll i.s lli.gh.ly ef.ic.i.erlt. rh.is k~r~etlc e~leryy i.s ~ed to ~he ~et plpes 3~ h.ls deve].opmer~t; i 9 a cons.iderable improve-ment over convent-.iona]. hel:icop~:el- t~esi.gn i.nasln\lch as it has a mucll smaller rolor di.alnel:el~ ~.n order l:o prov.i~e sufficierlt ~ 9 . ~
.
... . .
.
S~ifrles~ iTl ~he s~l~portillg frame, a tut)lll.ar sl:ructl~re l06 i.s ~o).ted both to l:l~e stator 205l and to tlle engille Eoun(3atioll 9.
Fl~rtl-ennore, tl-e rot(~r is sllrouded whlcl) substantially red~ces ~:he danger of rotor damage by tol~clling st:atlolla~y ob~ect~. Tl~e engine fo~ndati.oll frallle 9 is bo1.ted to tlle str~lcture 1 wlljch corlrlect;.ng spar elelnent 9 is tighl::ly secured to a frame l wllicll s~lpports the engine :L0(), tlle ~ue1 l~nl< 10, and ~lle s~lrouded pro-peller 20~.
~o~:h jet E)lpes 3no arld tlle o~lt]et nozzles 30~, 305, located at the out]et, make ~lE) a sul7assellllly wll;ch call he tilted i.n any di.reclioll ~lp Io an ang]e of about 1/-l() (in flq. lb t~le degr.ee oE deF]ecti.c>ll ls .ind.i(al:.ed l~y brokell l;lles). l~ll;s cllar)~e of tlle f)ow angle i.s .in~rot~ctd ~)y steerillg arlns 3()9 wl~lcl) are co~lp~ed wi.l:ll t:lle jet pipes 3()n. ~ ~3~iversal joint 2 (s~lown i.n igs. .1.c, ld and fig. 2) connects tlle s~ a~sen~].y holding thè jet pipes 3~)0 wi~ll the stator 2()5 of t2le sllrouded prope].].er asselnbly 20n.
r3~l~.i s movemellt of Llle noz7.1es enabl.es ~:lle ll~llnan pi.].ot to coT~:rol:lle ~;ft: forces gerleral:ed by the air stream. ~n order to main-~a.i.n stabi.].ity in f l iglll:, I:ile jet pi.E-es 3()0 axe moved i.ll such a nallller tlla~ the res~llti.llg .1ift ~orce i~ al:l:ached Lo Llle centre oE gravity axls X of the entire f:l.igl~t velli.c].e, irlcluding the uman pi.lot. i.r~ veII:i.ca:l diret,tiorl. M~ or cllanges in,tlle nozz1e angle and posi tlo~ a.l..low f l igllt movelllellt irl a horizo~ltal direction. Illis adjllstmerlt aJ.lows correctic.)ns to compensate weigllt diferences l)etweer- hl.llllan p.i.lotæ a~ wel]. as f~e.l. weigl,h e~Qent1itllre cluring l:lle Eligl~t:.
A method for co~lnteracling t.he engil-e tort~e is .obtalned by,a tangential conlpollenL o~ Ll~e .l.i~t Eo.~e. ~rl~is eEEecL .is creal:ed by the orientat~.on of tl~e jet nozz.les 30~, 3~)5 (see in parti.cu-lar fi.gs. la and ld). Fille ad~lsl:lnellt: Oe l~lle engine ~orq~le com-pensation call be e~ecl:0d hy meanæ o~ tlle ~.r.im-ta~ mecllarlisms 302 arranged in Lhe aix st.realn Oe l:lle nozzles 309, 3()5.
].0 21~975~
Yet anotller Inethod for collnl:el-acl:;.llg tte engine torqne 1()() i8i.lll.lstrat:ed in fig. 3 wllereby a slrla.l..l porl:;orl o~ tlle air stream is diverted. Two separate nozzles 2()9 w~icl) are ].ocated in a cerl:ain distance from tlle vertica.1 axis X pass.ing the centre o~
gravi.ty direcl tl-e anxil.iary a.i3- st.rea~ a ~)or.izolltal (,i.irec-tion. W~tl~ t~le a.;.d of oT~e c>~ tlle conl:rol grips 311 .local:ed oll one oE the steering arlls ~09 tlle tl~rott:]e va.l.ves 210 can be a~3-justed il~ order to contro.l tl)e a;r streams ~and tll~s tl~e ~er-torque).
Ille sllbassembly co~tai.rling ~ e jel: p.iEes 3()0 wi~ he nc-zz..les is connected to t.~e main rame by Ineans o~ a gi.m~)a.l. susperls;orl.
~his a~.].ows to change the ~ositiorl oE l:l~e jet rloz7~l.es relati.ve to the frame thlns slli.ftil~g l:l~e res~l.t.ir~g l:iÇt force tt- pass ~hroug~l the cel~tre of grav.i.l:~. One l~as l:o be aware ~l-at: ~Irder tll.is equili.br1uln t~e l~ovex ~l.;gllt w.;.]..] occl~r witll a si.mll.l.l:aneol~s translatory and rotatory motion of ~ e ~.l.igllt vell;.cle. Tl~e ar-rangement described above Eor t~le co~ rc).l of counteract1llg the engi.ne torque is capable to provide 1:11e necessary adi~stment:
T~e coT)tl~ol of t]~e ~laps h~s l:o be SUC~l that I:lle t~l.rlli.ng mol:.io of t~le hand~.e compenfiates tl1e er-g:i.ne l:~rque whereas tlle ax.;al motion o~ the llandle contro.ls tlle flaps i.Tl E~arallel and tlll~s the translatory motion.
With ~he motion of t~le subasserllb].y .it becollles necessary to seal the gap between the compressor sl~roud 201 and the subassemb].y by the use of a compensator 301 or bel.lows with t~ne or more corr~l-gations or folds. The attacl)lnent to t~e compor-elll:s can he ac- -tomp1ished by clamps or ol:h~er sllil:alle mealls. At t~le inside ~:he gap i.s covered by a s.lit3.in~ sleeve possil).l.y .il~ colllblna~:io~ itl~
a sl~itable flexible seal.
21~97~9 rl~e compressor sllrou-~ 201 whicll enc].oses t:lle prope].ler 200 ls f irmly secured to tl~e ~rame 1 ~)y means o~ a su1 ~:able struct-lre 207 .
Furtl7er solutiorls wil:h regard to t~le diverti.r)g and def].ectin~ o~the tllrust and for steering l:l~e ~licJllt vel)ic1e as we] 1 a~ stabi.-l.ising the equi li.b~ lll are illustral:ed in ~igs . qa 9t- 4c and 4d .
From Eig. 9a .it wi~ e a~Elarent tlla~ I)e dr3ving arranclement 100 ~.ogel:her wi th l:he f ram~ ~ t:l~e ~uel l:al~k ~ t) and tl-e mounted supE~orting a~rangernelll: CoTl.CJt.~ ll e a ~i rsl: llr~i.t ar~d tl~al: t:}le jet pipes 300 wi thin a su~sselllb~ y toyel:l)er- wi. tl) ~:I)e sl~ouded prc~-pel~er 20n consl:i.l:ute a secor~d ur):~ t and that ~2)e dri.ving ar-rangement 100 is conpled wi tl~ t~e F~rope] ler ~1)0 by means of a Cardarl Sllaft llt). '~`]l;.S Cardan shaft 110 i.ncorporates Eor ex-ample two homoki.neti.c urn;ver~a]. joinl:s as i~lus~rated. Cil:eeri.rl9 is effected by ~ispl.acin~ tl~e verl:ica.] neut:ra:l axis X thro~lgll a urliversal joi.nt 2 ~el:ween tlle E.i.rsl: and ~lle secolld u~;.ts in the vicini~y of tlle compressor jaclcet 2()1 . ~
From Eig. 4b i.t wi] l he apparent l:~lat l:lle driv:ing arrangelllent l O0 together wi. th tlle f rame 1. tl~e propel.l er 200 and the ~ et pipes 3()0 in their entirety Eonn a .i.rst uni 1: and tl~al: t:he Eue].
tarjlk 1() along wi th tl)e supporl:ing arrangemenl: mollnted orl i t for t he lluman pllol: P make np a secon~1 llni l: wl~erel-y tlle l:wo l~.i ts are joined l:ogetller l~y mea7ls oE a tl.lrnillq and tilt;ng join~ 6 .i tlle vicinity of l:l~e sl~p~orl:.ing arr~llgement. 1~lle ~El.i~ vel~ic~le can ~)e s~eered ~)y cl.irecl:ir~ e resu.l.~:anl: .l.i.l~l: Eorce.
Fr~m Eig. 4c it w.i.l..l l)e apparent l:l~al: I:he cross-lnounl:ed control Eins 3:1.5 316 for steeri.ng and sl:al)il.ising the El.lgll~ ve~licl.e are fixed l.ellgl:ll-wise and s;de-wise l:o a llol.low shaEt 3:14 wl~icl~
can move around il:s own ax.is l:llus pernl.i~:ti.rlg deflection oF l:lle 21~9759 .
a.ir stream i n any desi red di.rect.iorl . ~\ ï3Owden cal)le 303 whicl~
moves tlle contro.l. ~.ins v.ia rud~er axis 3t7 and contro:l griF) 311 has been Eit t:ed in the l~ l1.ow sl~at . By nieans of th.is tl-rust (~e-flecti.on arrar)geme-lt ~ ed at t he air-exit end of t} e jet pi.pe 300 l:he ~light vel);cle can be st al.)i.~..ised an~ steered.
Fro~ ig. A(3 it will. ~-e apparel\t ti)at: E~r tlle pl~rpose o~ st:eer-i.r)g an(3 st:a~:-i1ising t.l)e E3.igl~t: vellicle colltrol jel:s 31~ l~ave l~een ~].exib].y collp1ed at tt~e en(3 of l~lle jet p;pe 300 by means o~
a f~lrt~ler Cardan r.;ng 320 an(3 add.i.ti.onal. co~lp1i.rl9s 32~. rl)e st:ee.ri.ng arms 3t)9 are fi.rmly co~F)led wi(:}~ e moveab].e con~:rol.
jets 312. l`l~e movelllerlt-Eree sF)ac e ~ etween t:l)e contro1 no2;zles 32.
alld l:l~e je pi.pes 3()() .is sea.led ~)y n~earls oE an add;tiona] de-fl.ectlon compeT)$at:or 322. t~eflection of tl-e thrllst per~nits t}~e actlieven~eJll: of a st:a~].e st ate c ~ eqll;. I.ibri llm and steeril~g of t~lef1ight vehicle. Tlle ~Ise o~ further Cardan ri.ngs 320 to stah; l.i.se al~d steer ttle ~1igllt vellic].e wou.ld o~ course o~v.i.at:e t:lle need i~or the unive~sa1 joi nl: 2 .
In or(ter t:o perrni t t.lle f .l.i g]lt ve2li.c~ e l:o t~Jrr~ on :i ts own ax.i s wllen i.n llover E1ig~lt or l~o fly l:hro~Jg~ igh~: c~lrve~ e con-trol fins 302 (see figs. 1~ :lc) wlic~l divert tl-e a:ir stream eitller forwards or l~ackwar(3~ dependill~ on t:lle a~justlllent are moved ~)y meatlS oE Bowden cabl.e 303 operated by cor~tro~ grip 31:1..
A.l.ong w;.th t~le s~:eering a.id t:l ;g di.versiorl additi.ona11y part.ial-ly equa1i.ses the torq~le of tlle prol?el~er 200 and t~le driving ar-rangemerlt 10(). Tl~e exhall~sl: systelll lt)l. E~rov.ided Eor t:lle ctr;v;ng arrangement 100 is an i.mporl:ant aspect regardi.ng t~le engir-e o~t-pl~t 1n the case of a driv;nglarrangemenl: wll.i.c?l rql.ies on an in-ternal. ~ombl~st.ior~ eng.i.ne/E~is~:ol- enq.i ne . l lle end pi.pes of t:l~e ex -llaust system 101 are directet3 downward~s in the qelleral b.l.as~:i ng di.rect.ion and l~ s prodllce adde(3 IJE)l l Et wi tll ttle eng1rle extlaust gases. A wat:er coo].er 11)3 for coc).l..ing tlle cy.llnder l~ead oE tl~e plston engi.~e is so arranged l:l~al: ttle ambient a.ir ~asses ~:tlrough ` ~ 21497~9 as m~lcl- as poss.i.~le. 'l~lnis pass,ing tllro~ oE t.he ambie~ a.i.r car e as~sllred or en(oorage(3 ~y mealls Oe sui~al-le air eool.illg vanes 109 in the airstrealll of ~lle o~ltlet llo~zles 304, 305.
The dri.vi.llg arr.angemerlt 1.()0 .i.s sec~lred to l:he franle ~ hy mealls oE arl englne Ino~llltirl9 g wil~ ai,ll c.lalnpil)g 17O]ts oll vibratioo absorbers 1()4. Furtl~ennore, it i~s also F)ossihle t:o sect~re tlle E~i ston enyirle to l:lle frallle 1 v,ia l:lle cyl.;llder llead screw COIlp-ling on tlle cy].ir~3er l~ea(i witll ~rov;sion for vibrat:jc)rl absorp-l:iol~ by means o~ a cy]il-der head Ino~ t,ing 5. ~ vibrat.iol) ab-sorl.)i.ng couplir)g ~lange ](12 w,itll star-sha~ed r~bl~er si~enl:
~l.ocki.rlg of t.?-le main sl~af~: or crallksllaft ~()'7 co~p].es t~le .latter wi.th the vi.~ration-absorl~ tl ~lr;ve sl~Aft: 1.()8 ma~3e of carbon Ej-b~es. 'l`Jle ~ue,i. tank l() Wil:ll tl)e su~)~)c)rt;.~g arrar-gelllenl: mc~ tedupon i.t: .is boll:ed direcl:~y onl:o fxame 1 wi.î:h s.i].erlt block.ing.
On one of tlle top sides oE tl~e fuel tank 1~) is a ~ank fi.l.li.ng connecting ~iece 13, a tan)c vent:i).at.illg valve i.2 and an elec-~:rical measllri.rlg Ullit ~1 to Ineas~lre tlle conter-t of tlle fuel.
tank. A fl.lel collrlecl:.ir~g n.ipp]r.~ 14 .is ].ocal:ed on one of tl-e ~ot.tolrl fllnnel-sllaper3 t:apered eo~is oE l:l~e Ellel tanlc 1n. ~xpal~d-a~)le walls 15 or an expans;.or~ o~ e fi~el. tallk ~0 prevent swi:l-of ~le Eue,l .i.rls~de the tanJc. ~n31:la~mer~ts 308 to indi.cal:e ~I)e Euel. level inside l:he fue] tank ~.(), the rotational speed of the dri.ving arrallgemel-t ~()() and l:lle operating temperal:ure of tlle drivi,r~g arrangement 100 are lc~cated Oll ~lle s~eeri.ng al-m 309. An adjus~able heigilt stalld ~ or stanc1ir)9 :l.eg of ~he fli.gllt velli.cle i.s screw-coupled Witll tlle Erame :1. arld perln.its sel.E-su;?porteci par)ci.llg of l:l~e f:light vellicle. 'I`l~e s~al~-3 8 can he retrac~ed or raised dl~ri.llg ~lle ~li.yllt al~d is Eittet3 wil:~l a shock a~)sor~)er whi.ch acts as ilnpact ai~sor~-er 4~ .in l:l~e eveT~t of tlle fl.igllt ve-hi.cle crasll.illg to t~e gro~ lle sl:a~d n call a Lso ~)e des.igrled to llave a rol:ating ax,is, o.~ I:o serve a.s a 3talldir~g plat~onn for the ~luman pi.lot durirlg t~le fl..ight ~not illals~rated~ acket.inq 206 oE t~le compressor drlv:illg c;o.l.lar 2n4 oE ~:he propeller ?.00 el~llances tlle aerociyrlanlic d.irec~1ng o~ the impelled air.
1~
21497~!~
.~.
fl~rl:her variation for ~ e coolillg of l:he piston engine i s showll in fi.gs. le ant~ lf. ~ ring water coo1er lll (flg. lE) or a ring water cooler ~ 2 wit~ air pal:h ring (fig. ~.f) are o cir-cu1ar design and Eorm a joirltless connect.ion wit~ the compressor intalce Eunne1 202 oE tl~e propel..ler 2t)n wll.iCh impe1s p art oE t he approacllirlg air t l-Iollgll tlle rillg wat er coolers :l.~ 12. ~y means of l:he op~ilna:l arrangelne~l oE l:I)e r.ing water cooler on t:he edge oE tlle colllpressor il~t:ake funne]. ~02 as il].llsl:rated and b.y prov.idillg an ai r contlllcti.llg ri r~g for imE~roved cc~nveyil-g oE a.i.r to tlle ring wal:er coo~ er l:lle a.ir inlpe:l ~ ed at hlgller ve].oc; l:y i s not c~ l s l:urbed bu t ra 1 ~ler en~)a l~c:ed .
Yet anc.ther variation for l:)le cooling of i:he pis~:orl engine/dr.iv-;ng arrang~n~ t: lOt) i.s F~resellte~ iTl fiq. îg. E~y means of a mo~ t irlg Erame 11~ a coo]..irlg JOl:Or 11~; .ifi l~ t ed be]ow ~lle dr~v-ing arrangement 100. ~)r1ving ot ~ e cool irlg rotor 115 is eE~ecl:-ed l~y Ineans o.f a toothed L)el.l: Il.1 7 and a be3 t p~ll].ey 116 at tacllec3 to the bo~tolll ent1 o~ e craTlksl-a.Ft 1.()7. Jlle air strealn set up hy ~tle cooling ro~c)r 1~5 ;.s ~ed ~ ro~lg~l an a.ir in.l.et cana~
to a fl.at cooJer ~.].9 ]ocat ed L)e.Low. l~lle a:ir f.lows tll~ougll the 1atl:er. lhrollgh the llse c)f l~e.lt pu1:1e~s J.16 w.itll diferellt d.ia-meters the rotationa.l. speed o tlle cool..iTIg rol:or 115 can he vari ed .
Sti..l.1 anot~er var.i.ant Eor. t he coo].ing oE l:he p.i storl engi.rle .i s shown in flg. ~ rhi~s ~ig~re a]so shows t-lle possi.b~.e replace-ment oE t:he )~uman pi.lot P t-y a remol:e co~ ro.lletl p.i 1 c>t. 4 t)9 .
.ooling of l:lle ~iStt~ll engirle i.s e~fecl:e~ by means o~ a.ir t3;vert-ed Erom the maj.n stream illtO the iet p;pes 3t)0 t)y nlealls oE ~air conducting canals :1.2t) on tlle -~el: p.lpe and supc!l.ied to watt r-cooling elements 121 fi.tted to l-l~e jet F)i.pe el~ds~ Whel~e tllt?
hllmall pi.l.ot P i9 repl.ace~ ~y a remol:e-control].ed pl].ol: 409 I t is possible to use l:he fligllt veh~cle l.~nlllarlrled. In this case tl~e remote-controlled p.i..Lot gO9 takes over l:he furlctioll of def lect-,. .
ing the jet plpe 3()l) for stee~.ing p~lrpo~es and for requl.~.tt.irlgthe equilibrium. Ry virtlJe of the considerab].y greater eff;cierl-cy of the shrolded propel.ler compared with a lleli.co~ter in tlle same weight category th.is type of remote cor-trol.led ~lig}lt ve-hic].e is consi.dered parl:icularly suitab]e for materi.al transport missions an~ for monitoring assignl-lents.
Fig. l.i. shows a hypass system for tur~o-c~larg.il-q tlle eng;rle per-fonrlallce of the pi.ston engitle. rle L-ypass sy~teln ll3 ~s fitte~
nder the stator ring 2~5 of t:he sllrol~ded propel.].er ~0() and con-necte~3 directly t:o the intake funrle:l. o I:lle en~.i.ne carhuret~:or.
-As shown .i.l~ Eig. ~.j the eng.i.ne-side colt~)l.i.ng flange .tO2 can be designed as a coupli.ng f.l.ange w.;.l:h starl:er be].t ~ulley 122 ~o t1lat the engi.lle can be started b.y Ineans of a rope wound round the starter belt pulley and ~nlled ~y hand. Connecting s~okes ~.23 o~ tl~e coupling ~].ange with starter ~)elt ~u].ley 122 display a fi.n-like warping w:ith the result t~)at they provi.de ~or alr c.ircu].ation when in rotat:.;orl and t]liS coo].s the components mounted above and below.
~s wi.l.l be seen Erom Eig. 5 an elnergency escape ~ysteln AOO ~as been provi.ded comprisinq a parachute qO1 wh.ich can be i.llf]al:ed by mearls of gas cartri(3ges. Tlle mechallislll is re].eased autonlati-cal~y or witll l:lle activation of an emergency ~arachute strap 40t7. Eteca~lse o I:lle very ~ow a]t;tu~es at wh3ch the fligl~t ve-hic].e i.s normally used it .;s essentia~ ~hat the parach~te 4~1 .shoul.d open extremely q~liclc.l.y in the event oE thrllst ~ai~lre.
Since the flight vehic)e does n~t ~ave any exp~sed rot:or or ~;n arrangement the parach~ e ~nl can be ejec~ed vertically npwards witl~ very sllor~ lines.
1.6 21~97~9 ,~
, In the presentation with tl~e designal:it?rl St-age 1 the parachl~te 401 .is in packed state in a paracl~lte case 90~ witll gas car-tridges ~03. l`tle gas cartr;.dges 9~)3 for accelerated o~enil)g of tl-e parachllte 901 llave nol: yet been act.iva~ed~ ~90 packed a.l.ong witll paracllllte 9n1 .i.s an expans;.on cart:ri.flge gnq conlplel:e wi.tll a s~itable detonator. :~n this case tlle volllnle of tl~e paracl~ e is fi].led np more ~ui.ckJ.y l~y mearls o gas exparlsiorl. ~n t~le preser--tation marked w1tll St:age 2 tl~e mix~dle carl:ri.dge 403 plll.].s l:l~e paracllute 9~1 Ol~t ~ tl)e pal-achute case 902 nnti1 the paracl~r.lte .l.i.r~es 405 are fo].1y extended. ~s sllown in Stage 3 t:l~ese 1.ines act.ivate the allxi.l.;ary cart:ridges 4()3a and 403b wl~ich open tlle parachute 9U1 more quickl.y. I`lle El.ow straps 9()6 al.so contribl~l:e towards the faster opel~ing of tlle parac~ e 901. ~t the salne ~ime t:he ex~ansior~ carl:r.i.dge 409 Iocated Ol) tlle underside of tl~e parachute 901 i.6 ac!.-v~al-ed by the a~lxil.;ary cartridges 403a ant3 903b. wi.tll t:llei.r he3p tl-e paIacllute 9()~ .i.s opened with;n tlle brief2st peri.od. In the pl)ase marked St:age 9 tlle paracllute ~01 i.S in its fu11y opened state.
21~97~i9 . ~ .
.
Reference list ~ U8~ rl~mber*:
P Hulnan pllol X Neutral ~xi~
Frame Univer~al joint ~' Car~n rin 3 (~onnectir)g rl 4 En~ine mo~ tin~
5 Cyllnd~r l~e~d mourltln~
Tllting Joillt 7 ivialn elalllplng boils Slan~
9 ~n~irle foull~iallon ~rarne 1O i-uellank 11 iMeasurirl~ unil 1~ Tank ven~ilatin~ valve 13 'ranl< fllling corlnectinJ pl~ce 14 Fu~l c~nlleotin~ nlpple 15 Expan~abl~ ~alls 16 ~elt arr~ngerl1enl 17 5lr~p connecllo 100 C~rlvin~ arrangemenl 101 Exilausl sy~l~rn 10~ (~cuplin~ ~lan~e 103 Water oooler 104 Vibratlon at~sorbe 105 Hqnd startar i~)6 7ubular strucl~lre 1 07 Cr~nl<shaft 108 Rotatln~ drlve shaFt 109 ~ir ooolln~ vanes 110 Cardarl sllaft 111 Rin~ waler c~oler 112 i~ln~ ~aler cooler Witll air p~lh rirlg 113 Byp~ss ~yslern Mo~lnti~ frame 115 i~otor cool~r 116 ~ell pulley 2l~97s9 ':
117 Toollled belt 118 Air Inlet canal 1 19 Flat cooler 120 Air cnnductln~ c~n~l 121 Water coolln~ elemerlt 122 Sta~ter ~ell pulley 12~ ~:onnec~ y spokes 200 ~hrou~Jed pl (~peller --~00' Propeller 201 Cor~lpressor sl~roud 20~ Comp~esst)r int~l~e ~rlnel ~03 ComprQsst~r blade~
204 Drivln~ colar z~5 5tator rin ~05' S~ator 206 Jacketlr 207 Suital~ie struclur~
208 Pr~opeller shaft ~0~ Deilec~ion noz~les 210 Throttle v~lve 300 J~t plpe 301 C~ompsnsator 30~ Trim-tat~ rnech~nlsln~
303 i3Owd~n c~ble 304 Outlet no~zle 305 Outletn~
306 Twisted Jet pipe 307 Twislecl Jet pipe 3U3 Instr~lnents 30~ Sleerln~ arrn 310 t~as lhroltle 311 Con!rot ~rlp 312 M~veable control valves 31 3 Hirl~e 314 I-iollc1w shafl 315 Lorlgitll~llni)11y mounte~i cort~rf~l flns 316 Cross-mounted control fins 317 i~udder axls 318 Conneclin~ rod 31~ ~crewed connecllon 320 i urther c~rd~n rln~
321 Further addi~lonal couplin~
322 FurthRr additlonal deflec~lon cctmpensa~or 1.9 f 21~7~9 i . .
.
400 Em~rger~cy esc~pe system 401 P~ract~ e 40~ Pal achut~ ca~e 403 G~s cartrl~cs 403a ~uxlli~ry c~rtr1clge 403b Auxlliary cartrld~e 404 Exp~n~lon c~rtrld~e 405 Par~ch~lte line 40~ Fl~w ~r~ps 4~7 Em~rgency parach~l~e slrap 408 Impact a~sc)lbcr 7.()
Claims (22)
1. A flight vehicle which can be joined a firmly strapped to a load, whereby the load itself is capable of performing pilot-ing functions, and with the aid of the flight vehicle is to be lifted off the ground autonomously and maintained at a height above the ground either stationary or in forward flight, the flight vehicle comprising:
- a supporting frame which can be attached to the load in such a manner as to establish an essentially frictional connection between the flight vehicle and the load, - a driving arrangement (100), which is coupled directly with a shrouded propeller (200') via a rotating drive shaft (108) with the object of setting up an air stream, the driving shaft (100) and the propeller (200) both rotating at the same speed, - at least one fuel tank (10) for the fuel used to propel the driving arrangement (100), - at least two jet pipes (300), which open into the outlet nozzles (304, 305) fitted on the air outlet ends located laterally beside the load, and through each of which a gas stream is discharged, the direction in which the gas stream flows being adjustable, and the discharging of these gas streams through the jet pipes (300) resulting in the setting up of a lift force which enables the lifting and flight motion or hover flight of the load, characterized in that - the shrouded propeller (200) is fitted with an air intake funnel (200), which admits the air with a minimum of losses, - the rotating drive shaft (108) which drives the shrouded pro-peller (200) is essentially in a vertical position when the flight vehicle is in the normal flight position, - the outlet nozzles (304, 305) are essentially in a plane de-termined by the vertical neutral axis (X) and are preferably located above the common centre of gravity of the flight ve-hicle and the load, and - that the air stream set up by the propeller (200') is dis-charged through the jet pipes (300) in their entirety at a subsonic velocity.
- a supporting frame which can be attached to the load in such a manner as to establish an essentially frictional connection between the flight vehicle and the load, - a driving arrangement (100), which is coupled directly with a shrouded propeller (200') via a rotating drive shaft (108) with the object of setting up an air stream, the driving shaft (100) and the propeller (200) both rotating at the same speed, - at least one fuel tank (10) for the fuel used to propel the driving arrangement (100), - at least two jet pipes (300), which open into the outlet nozzles (304, 305) fitted on the air outlet ends located laterally beside the load, and through each of which a gas stream is discharged, the direction in which the gas stream flows being adjustable, and the discharging of these gas streams through the jet pipes (300) resulting in the setting up of a lift force which enables the lifting and flight motion or hover flight of the load, characterized in that - the shrouded propeller (200) is fitted with an air intake funnel (200), which admits the air with a minimum of losses, - the rotating drive shaft (108) which drives the shrouded pro-peller (200) is essentially in a vertical position when the flight vehicle is in the normal flight position, - the outlet nozzles (304, 305) are essentially in a plane de-termined by the vertical neutral axis (X) and are preferably located above the common centre of gravity of the flight ve-hicle and the load, and - that the air stream set up by the propeller (200') is dis-charged through the jet pipes (300) in their entirety at a subsonic velocity.
2. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that the load is a human pilot (P).
3. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that the load is a remote-controlled pilot (409).
4. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that the driving arrangement (100) includes an internal combustion engine.
5. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is a piston engine.
6. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that the jet pipes (300) and the shrouded propeller (200) consist of light-weight materials such as composite fibre materials.
7. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel tank (10) along with the supporting frame mounted upon it, the driving arrangement (100), and the propeller (200) together make up a first unit, that the jet pipes (300) in their entirety make up a second unit, and that these two units are connected together by means of a universal coupling (2) and a compensatory (301) in the vicinity of the shrouded propeller exit (200) to enable piloting of the flight vehicle by the load which is capable of performing piloting functions.
8. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel tank (10) along with the supporting frame mounted upon it, and the driving arrangement (100) together make up a first unit, that the jet pipes (300) in their entirety and the shrouded propeller (200) make up a second unit, and that these two units are connected together by means of a universal coupling (2) in the vicinity of the propeller (200) in order to enable piloting of the flight vehicle by the load which is capable of performing piloting functions, and that the driving arrangement (100) is connected with the propeller (200) by means of a Cardan shaft (110) which preferably comprises two homokinetic universal couplings.
9. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that driving arrangement (100), the shrouded propeller (200) and the jet pipes (300) in their entirety together make up a first unit, and that the fuel tank (10) along with the supporting frame mounted upon it make up a second unit, and that these two units are connected together by means of a revolving and tilting joint (6) in order to enable piloting of the flight vehicle by the load which is capable of performing piloting functions.
10. Flight vehicle as per claim 1, characterized in that in the normal flight position of the flight vehicle the air outlet ends of the jet pipes (300) are mounted wind-tipped and axially symmetrically to the vertical neutral axis (X) in order to give the flight vehicle a torque which is largely compensated by a torque from the driving arrangement (100), and also the fine adjustment of the torque compensation with trim-tab control mechanisms (302), which are located in the vicinity of the air outlet nozzles (304, 305).
11. Fligh vehicle as per claim 1, characterized in that the air outlet ends of the jet pipes (300) are in a straight-down position when the flight vehicle is in normal flight position, and that two deflection nozzles (209) in a horizontal direction have been provided, part of the air stream being diverted in these nozzles and discharged by the same in order to give the flight vehicle a torque which is largely compensated by a torque given by the driving arrangement (100), and that the fine adjustment of the torque compensation is effected by means of throttle valves (210) which are fitted on line in front of the deflection nozzles (209).
12. Flight vehicle as per claim 1, characterized in that piloting of the flight vehicle is provided for by means of either cross mounted control fins (315, 316) which are controlled by pulling cables, or by means of moveable control valves (312) which are adjusted via a universal joint and which are fitted in the vicinity of the outlet nozzles (304, 305).
13. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that one or more parachutes (401) have been provided for emergency escape purposes.
14. Flight vehicle as per Claim 13, characterized in that the emergency escape system includes an expansion cartridge (404) for rapid inflation of the parachute (401).
15. Flight vehicle as per Claim 13, characterized in that the emergency escape system includes a number of gas cartridges (403, 403a, 403b) to enable the rapid opening of the parachute (401).
16. Flight vehicle as per Claim 13, characterized in that it is provided with an impact absorber (408).
17. Flight vehicle as per Claim 5, characterized in that a ring water cooler (111) has been fitted to the compressor intake funnel (202) with the object of cooling the piston engine.
18. Flight vehicle as per Claim 17, characterized in that a ring water cooler (111) with air circulation ring (112) has been fitted to the compressor intake funnel (202) with the object of cooling the piston engine.
19. Flight vehicle as per Claim 5, characterized in that water-cooling elements (121) for the purpose of cooling the piston engine have been fitted to the ends of the jet pipes (300).
20. Flight vehicle as per Claim 5, characterized in that underneath the driving arrangement (100) a rotor cooler (115) driven by the drive shaft (108) and also a flat cooler (119) have been provided to cool the piston engine.
21. Flight vehicle as per Claim 5, characterized in that a bypass system (113) has been fitted under the stator ring (205) of the shrouded propeller (200) and that the said bypass system is connected directly with the engine carburetor of the driving arrangement (100) and serves to turbo-charge the motor perform-ance.
22. Flight vehicle as per Claim 1, characterized in that an engine-side coupling flange (102) has been designed as a coupling flange with a starting belt pulley (112) so that the motor may be started by hand using a rope which winds round the staring belt pulley, furthermore, the coupling flange having vane-like connecting spokes (123).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH284293 | 1993-09-21 | ||
| CH2842/93-9 | 1993-09-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2149759A1 true CA2149759A1 (en) | 1995-03-30 |
Family
ID=4242818
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002149759A Abandoned CA2149759A1 (en) | 1993-09-21 | 1994-09-20 | Flight vehicle |
Country Status (26)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0668829B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08503673A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1050333C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE159219T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU683930B2 (en) |
| BG (1) | BG61837B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9405609A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2149759A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ287460B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59404344D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0668829T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2107858T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI952442A0 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3025589T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU217059B (en) |
| LT (1) | LT3902B (en) |
| LV (1) | LV11451B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO307041B1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ273272A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL175216B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO115514B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2126344C1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9420005A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK80895A3 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW262445B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995008472A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005091713A3 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-04-13 | Raymond Li | Personal propulsion device |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10250809B4 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2008-09-25 | Daniil Cotenescu | Light aircraft for vertical take-off and method of operation |
| JP4114510B2 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2008-07-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Small flight equipment |
| TWI467087B (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2015-01-01 | Amicable Inv S Llc | Equipment that interacts with air or gas and its injection engine |
| WO2009137957A1 (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2009-11-19 | Yang Shitong | Exact spot welder for resistance welding |
| NZ569454A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-10-30 | Martin Aircraft Company Ltd | Propulsion device including control system |
| NZ569455A (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-10-30 | Martin Aircraft Company Ltd | Propulsion device incorporating radiator cooling passage |
| JP6037100B2 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2016-11-30 | 株式会社Ihi | Vertical take-off and landing aircraft |
| JP6540357B2 (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2019-07-10 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Static vane and gas turbine equipped with the same |
| CN105730689A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-07-06 | 天津京东智联科技发展有限公司 | Double-rotor high-rise escape aircraft |
| CN106275435B (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-12-04 | 康研机器人（重庆）有限公司 | A kind of jet-propelled manned vehicle |
| ES1172708Y (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-03-14 | Salvador Francisco Manuel Oron | Individual transport device |
| CN107344616B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-01-24 | 雍江 | Wearable multipurpose thrust device |
| WO2019216723A1 (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-14 | Lee Jeong Yong | Aircraft including harness |
| WO2020096477A1 (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-14 | Дмитрий Вячеславович ФЕДОТОВ | Thermodynamic test bench for simulating aerodynamic heating |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3023980A (en) * | 1958-10-13 | 1962-03-06 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Turbo-fan lift device |
| US3443775A (en) * | 1965-06-23 | 1969-05-13 | Williams Res Corp | Flight belt |
| US4795111A (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1989-01-03 | Moller International, Inc. | Robotic or remotely controlled flying platform |
-
1994
- 1994-09-20 HU HU9501387A patent/HU217059B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-20 WO PCT/CH1994/000185 patent/WO1995008472A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-09-20 SK SK808-95A patent/SK80895A3/en unknown
- 1994-09-20 RU RU95113098A patent/RU2126344C1/en active
- 1994-09-20 CN CN94190712A patent/CN1050333C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-20 CA CA002149759A patent/CA2149759A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-20 ES ES94926759T patent/ES2107858T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-20 RO RO95-00934A patent/RO115514B1/en unknown
- 1994-09-20 SI SI9420005A patent/SI9420005A/en unknown
- 1994-09-20 DE DE59404344T patent/DE59404344D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-20 CZ CZ19951304A patent/CZ287460B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-20 AT AT94926759T patent/ATE159219T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-20 EP EP94926759A patent/EP0668829B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-20 AU AU76505/94A patent/AU683930B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-09-20 DK DK94926759.5T patent/DK0668829T3/en active
- 1994-09-20 NZ NZ273272A patent/NZ273272A/en unknown
- 1994-09-20 JP JP7509472A patent/JPH08503673A/en active Pending
- 1994-09-20 BR BR9405609-9A patent/BR9405609A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-03-18 TW TW084102687A patent/TW262445B/zh active
- 1995-05-19 FI FI952442A patent/FI952442A0/en unknown
- 1995-05-19 NO NO951998A patent/NO307041B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-22 BG BG99658A patent/BG61837B1/en unknown
- 1995-05-22 PL PL94308911A patent/PL175216B1/en unknown
- 1995-06-07 LT LT95-062A patent/LT3902B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-15 LV LVP-95-169A patent/LV11451B/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-12-03 GR GR970403241T patent/GR3025589T3/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005091713A3 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-04-13 | Raymond Li | Personal propulsion device |
| US7258301B2 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2007-08-21 | Raymond Li | Personal propulsion device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |