CA2014292A1 - Animal litter and a method for its manufacture - Google Patents
Animal litter and a method for its manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- CA2014292A1 CA2014292A1 CA002014292A CA2014292A CA2014292A1 CA 2014292 A1 CA2014292 A1 CA 2014292A1 CA 002014292 A CA002014292 A CA 002014292A CA 2014292 A CA2014292 A CA 2014292A CA 2014292 A1 CA2014292 A1 CA 2014292A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- animal litter
- manufacture
- granules
- waste
- materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to animal Litter in a solid, granulated form which ensures a high degree of odour retention, has high absorbing power and a low apparent density, the litter consisting of granules having an organic fibre basis prepared from waste materials and additional materials.
The invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of animal litter using a fibre and/or granular fraction obtained from domestic, industrial and other similar waste, in which the fraction obtained from the waste is pulverized, mixed with additional materials and water, the mixture is set to a specific moisture content, subsequently granulated, and the resulting shaped pieces are separated having a determined particle size.
The invention relates to animal Litter in a solid, granulated form which ensures a high degree of odour retention, has high absorbing power and a low apparent density, the litter consisting of granules having an organic fibre basis prepared from waste materials and additional materials.
The invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of animal litter using a fibre and/or granular fraction obtained from domestic, industrial and other similar waste, in which the fraction obtained from the waste is pulverized, mixed with additional materials and water, the mixture is set to a specific moisture content, subsequently granulated, and the resulting shaped pieces are separated having a determined particle size.
Description
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Animal litter and a method for its manufacture.
TECHNIÇAL FIELD OF THE INVENT~ON
The inven~ion relaees to animal litter in a solid, granulated form which ensures a hish degree of odour retention, has high ahsorbin~ power an~ (ow apparent density, and a method -for its manufacture.
1~ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR A~T
The known makerials for the manufacture of litter for animals are essentially natural products of mineral (~ origin such as pumice stone, bentonite, clay minerals, for example sepiolite, diatomite, or of organic origin such as wood flour, sawdust and peat which, because of their porous structure, have the property of absorbing liquids in their pores.
For years granulated drying and/or absorbing agents have been used for keeping household pets clean, ZO especially in densely populated urban and suburban areas.
Such products are mostly bought and used in large quantities by owners of small animals, ;n particular cats.
Nowadays a variety of products with very di-fferent properties is marketed u~der the name cat litter . The majority of these products, as already mentioned above, are manufactured on a mineral basis.
An animal litter of this kind is known, for example, from DE-PS 31 Z1 '~03, whi cll is made using a porous inorganic material with a pore structure. The porous material used here consists o~ calcium silicate yranulate andlor calcium silicate powder which has a p~l-value between about 5.~ and 6.2.
Thé known animal litter made from calcium silicate granulatelhaving a pore radius of less than 500 nm retains its shape and consistency and is bactericidal~
However, after prolonged use of such materials an unfavourable smell develops so that the animal litter of~en has to be changed even though the absorbing power of the material is by no means exhaus~ed.
The afore-mentioned animal litter products with their different characteristics do, however, have further disadvantages. Their high specific gravity causes great practical problems in the suppLy and transportation of the packaged product. Some of the animal litter preparations consist of sharp-edged - in particular broken - stones, which leads pawed animals to avoid the sharp granules.
In relation to the weight of the product the take-up of liquid in many known products is very srnall. After reaching their absorptive capacity these products tend to swell and thus form clumps. This effect is still more marked in the case of diatomite, which becomes very sticky, greasy and even pasty. These disadvantageous properties necessarily lead to difficulties in handling such products. Because of these product characteristics the litter must also be changed often and as a result more is used.
In the manufacture oF these animal litter materials a large proportion of -fine dust is formed as a result of the way they are crushed, and by abrasion in the drums or other containers during storage, transport and handling between the manufacturer and consumer. Handling the open container in the pet owner's home raises a great deal of dust, especially when changing the litter in the boxes.
In addition this high proportion of fine dust is bad for the animals, since they inhale the dust when scratching in such products.
After use, SUCtl water-insoluble stone and/or mineral animal litter products can only be disposed of as or with domestic waste. This causes the waste disposal plants to be burdehed with a not insignificant amount of such waste prodlJcts. ~n Switzerland and in tlle Federal Republic of Germany, for example, about 40,000 tons and 500,000 tons respectively of waste consisting o~ this kind of product accumulates each year. This shows that the market for sucl) (albeit improved~ animal litter products is very large, especially in densely populated urban and suburban areas.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
An objec~ of the invention is to provide a novel animal litter which, by eLiminating the disadvantages of the prior art, ensures a high degree of odour retention, has high absorbing power and low apparent density. The new animal Litter is intended to fulfil the optimal requirements for man and animal with regard to quality and economy. A further object is to provide a new method ~or the manufacture of animal litter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
ZO These objects are achieved according to the invention as claimed in claim 1 and claim 8.
Further features of the invention are set forth in the subclaims.
The novel and advantageous properties are bestowed upon the animal litter according to the invention, in particular by the choice, preparation, composition, mixing and processing of the starting material.
For the first t-ime a new animal litter can thus be provided which consists of a granulate having an organic fibre basis, prepared from waste materials and additional materials. For this a precrushed fibre and/or granulate fraction obtained from domestic, industrial and similar waste could be used, which can be manufactured according to DE-PS 31 05 5~7.
The spherical animal litter granulate according to tl1e invèntion l1as the following specification: The granulate has a particle size in the range of 1 to 10 mm diameter and is sphericalO In the ~inished animal (itter product spheres oF all sizes are advantageously m;xed together. In ~his produc~, however, the preferred particle size range is from Z to 5 mm diameter. The granulate also has, according to the invention, an apparent density in the range of 200 to 700 kg/m3, advantageously in the range of 300 to 500 kg/m~. The colour of the animal litter product according to the invention is greyish to brownish, and can to a large extent be adapted to the desires of the consumer.
The animal litter according to the invention is particularly useful as litter for cats.
Compared with known animal litter products the product manufactured according to the invention has the following advantages. The new litter according to the invention is very easy to handle in comparison to known litter products because it has a low apparent density.
In addition, the product according to the ;nvention does ZO not have a fine dust fraction and is abrasion-free according to the abrasion cLassification (modified SHELL-Index). Owing to its high absorbing power the litter according to the invention does not need to be changed frequently and thereby reduces use o~ large amounts so Z5 that a lor1ger life or period of use are ensured. The product according to the invention can advantageously be disposed of down the drains or by domestic compost preparation.
To sum up, the animal litter according to the invention l1as, compared with the known animal litter products, the great advantage that with the superior absorption or adsorption capacity thigh absorbing power) of the granules according to the invention having an oryanic fibre basis, prepared from waste and used materials with the addition of diverse materials, such as lime, cal~cium hydroxide, gypsum and s;milar materials and a certain amount of residual moisture, it not only~ as already mentioned, retains its shape and consistency but is also odour-retaining, bactericidal and easy to dispose o~ .
The invention further relates to a new method for the manufacture of animal litter by using a fibre and/or granulate fraction obtained from domestic, industrial and other similar waste. This fraction can be produced according to DE-PS 31 05 597. In this way waste and used materials and/or secondary materials can be used therewith to a great extent. The method according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture the new animal litter mechanically and economically. In this new method it is possible in part to use a known technique (rotating granulating drum) which can also be employed to manufacture other granulated products, such as fert-ilizer, chemical materials, foodstuffs, etc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
ZO The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram of the manufacture according to the invention of an animal litter according to an embodiment oF the invention.
DETAILED_DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE
INVE:TION
By way of example, the manufacture according to the invention of the new animal litter llaving a precrushed organic fibre basis, prepared from waste materials was carried out as -follows, with reference to Fig. 1.
The following starting materials were used:
approx. 60 %/wt. organic fibres, prepared from waste and used materials (according to ' DE-PS 31 05 597), approx. 3Z Xiwt. lime or calcium hydroxide or gypsum, approx. 8 X/wt. water.
The organic fi~res, prepared from mixed domestic, industrial and other such waste which can be manufactured according to DE-PS 31 ~5 597, are stored in a storage bin 1. The pre-crushed organic waste materials are withdrawn in measured amounts from this bin 1 and delivered to a putverizer 3.
Position 3 then pulverises these materials to dust and the powder made in this way is transported pneumaticaLly (not shown) to a metering bin 4.
This position 4 then conveys the powder, metered by weight, to a mixer 6. The additional materials (lime, calcium hydroxide, gypsum or similar materials) are then metered from a storage bin 4 accordirg to a special formula and sequence and are likewise supplied to the mixer 6.
Water metered from a device 5 is then conveyed to the mixer. This mixer (position 6) can be a ~nown cyclic Z0 batch mixer, having the function of mixing the components according to a special program. A conveyor (not shown) conveys the finished mixture to a mixture metering device 7. This mixture metering device has the following functions:
~5 a) Storing the mixture ancl b) metering the mixture.
A mechanical conveyor (not shown) then transports the rnixture metered From the mixture metering device 7 to a granulating device o~ The function of the granulating device 8, which in an embodiment of the invention comprises a rota-ting drum, is to spheroidise the mixed material. The speed, inclination and residence time of ~he mixture are important for determining its shape. The granulating device can alternatively comprise a plate or a worm. ' ~ ~d~
The shaped pieces obtained are conveyed from position ~ ~granulating device) directly to a pre screen;ng device 9. This pre~screening device 9 separates the oversi2ed shaped pieces from those with the maximum final size (10 mm diameter). A conveyor (not shown) transports tl1e oversize pieces back to the mixture metering device 7.
- The shaped pieces of litter are then conveyed to a secondary treatment device 10 by a conveyor (not shown).
The ~unction of the secondary treatment device (position 10) is to dust the shaped pieces of lit~er Witll a mineral powder. A conveyor (not shown) then transports the dusted shaped pieces to a drier 11. This drier 11 comprises a rotating drum with a heating device (not shown) arranged before it. The function of position 11 is to dry the shaped pieces at a specific temperature while cont;nually moving and rolling them from about ~0 to 70Z water content to a maximum water content of o X/wt. without the shaped pieces being damaged or Zû deformed~ At the end of this drying phase hard granules are formed which are conveyed directly to a separating housing 1Z~
The separating housing (position 12) comprises a settling chamber and a granuLe discharge outlet and separates the granules From the steam-air mixture that has been formed during drying.
The granules are then taken by a conveyor (not shown) from the outlet of tlle separating housing 1Z and transported to a fractionating device 13. This posi-tion 13 (fractionating device) separates the granules into two grain sizes. In the method according to the invention the fine grain material advantageously less than 1 mm diameter~ is supplied to the mixer 6 for recycling by a conveyor ~not shown).
The product (granulate) obtained is supplied to a cooling/~ust-removing device 1~ likewise by a transporting uni~ (not sl1own).
The function of this position 14 (cooling/dust-removing device), in which there are built-;n fans, is to cool the product, which is still hot, to room temperature and simultaneously remove the dust. The cooled product is then conveyed directly to a deodorizing device 15.
Position 15 (deodorizil1g device) comorises a swinging container with a pneumatic injection dev;ce and its function is to spray the product uniformly with the 1û preset fragrance note.
A transporter tnot shown) conveys the finished animal litter product to a portion dispensing device 16.
This dispensing device 16 divides the product stream into portions of the predetermined commercial size and passes these directly to a packaging device 17. Position 17 (packaging) takes the portions and fills them into bags, which are then seal2d immediately and stacked in a container.
The average material parameter values of the animal litter granules obtained according to the invention were as follows:
apparent density approx. 400kg/m3 moisture/liquid take-up capacity between 90 and 1Z0 g watert Z5 100 9 litter particle size in the range o~ Z to 5 mm colour light grey water content 7.7X
loss at red heat 56.1%
30 Abrasion 1.8 /00 at 6 kgtcmZ
(mod. SHELL-Index) The products manufactured in this way according to the method of the invention and having an organic fibre basis, prepared from waste and used materials, can be used with advantage as animal litter, in particular as litter fdr cats. As shown above the product according to ~3~
the invention is superior to known commercial products in respect of apparent density, absorption of moisture/liquid and abrasive behaviour. Since the new product 3ccording to the invention is aLso superior to S known commerciaL products in respect of odour-retaining power and in the other ways mentioned above it is s~itabLe as a superior animaL litter, in particular ~s Litter for cats.
Animal litter and a method for its manufacture.
TECHNIÇAL FIELD OF THE INVENT~ON
The inven~ion relaees to animal litter in a solid, granulated form which ensures a hish degree of odour retention, has high ahsorbin~ power an~ (ow apparent density, and a method -for its manufacture.
1~ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR A~T
The known makerials for the manufacture of litter for animals are essentially natural products of mineral (~ origin such as pumice stone, bentonite, clay minerals, for example sepiolite, diatomite, or of organic origin such as wood flour, sawdust and peat which, because of their porous structure, have the property of absorbing liquids in their pores.
For years granulated drying and/or absorbing agents have been used for keeping household pets clean, ZO especially in densely populated urban and suburban areas.
Such products are mostly bought and used in large quantities by owners of small animals, ;n particular cats.
Nowadays a variety of products with very di-fferent properties is marketed u~der the name cat litter . The majority of these products, as already mentioned above, are manufactured on a mineral basis.
An animal litter of this kind is known, for example, from DE-PS 31 Z1 '~03, whi cll is made using a porous inorganic material with a pore structure. The porous material used here consists o~ calcium silicate yranulate andlor calcium silicate powder which has a p~l-value between about 5.~ and 6.2.
Thé known animal litter made from calcium silicate granulatelhaving a pore radius of less than 500 nm retains its shape and consistency and is bactericidal~
However, after prolonged use of such materials an unfavourable smell develops so that the animal litter of~en has to be changed even though the absorbing power of the material is by no means exhaus~ed.
The afore-mentioned animal litter products with their different characteristics do, however, have further disadvantages. Their high specific gravity causes great practical problems in the suppLy and transportation of the packaged product. Some of the animal litter preparations consist of sharp-edged - in particular broken - stones, which leads pawed animals to avoid the sharp granules.
In relation to the weight of the product the take-up of liquid in many known products is very srnall. After reaching their absorptive capacity these products tend to swell and thus form clumps. This effect is still more marked in the case of diatomite, which becomes very sticky, greasy and even pasty. These disadvantageous properties necessarily lead to difficulties in handling such products. Because of these product characteristics the litter must also be changed often and as a result more is used.
In the manufacture oF these animal litter materials a large proportion of -fine dust is formed as a result of the way they are crushed, and by abrasion in the drums or other containers during storage, transport and handling between the manufacturer and consumer. Handling the open container in the pet owner's home raises a great deal of dust, especially when changing the litter in the boxes.
In addition this high proportion of fine dust is bad for the animals, since they inhale the dust when scratching in such products.
After use, SUCtl water-insoluble stone and/or mineral animal litter products can only be disposed of as or with domestic waste. This causes the waste disposal plants to be burdehed with a not insignificant amount of such waste prodlJcts. ~n Switzerland and in tlle Federal Republic of Germany, for example, about 40,000 tons and 500,000 tons respectively of waste consisting o~ this kind of product accumulates each year. This shows that the market for sucl) (albeit improved~ animal litter products is very large, especially in densely populated urban and suburban areas.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
An objec~ of the invention is to provide a novel animal litter which, by eLiminating the disadvantages of the prior art, ensures a high degree of odour retention, has high absorbing power and low apparent density. The new animal Litter is intended to fulfil the optimal requirements for man and animal with regard to quality and economy. A further object is to provide a new method ~or the manufacture of animal litter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
ZO These objects are achieved according to the invention as claimed in claim 1 and claim 8.
Further features of the invention are set forth in the subclaims.
The novel and advantageous properties are bestowed upon the animal litter according to the invention, in particular by the choice, preparation, composition, mixing and processing of the starting material.
For the first t-ime a new animal litter can thus be provided which consists of a granulate having an organic fibre basis, prepared from waste materials and additional materials. For this a precrushed fibre and/or granulate fraction obtained from domestic, industrial and similar waste could be used, which can be manufactured according to DE-PS 31 05 5~7.
The spherical animal litter granulate according to tl1e invèntion l1as the following specification: The granulate has a particle size in the range of 1 to 10 mm diameter and is sphericalO In the ~inished animal (itter product spheres oF all sizes are advantageously m;xed together. In ~his produc~, however, the preferred particle size range is from Z to 5 mm diameter. The granulate also has, according to the invention, an apparent density in the range of 200 to 700 kg/m3, advantageously in the range of 300 to 500 kg/m~. The colour of the animal litter product according to the invention is greyish to brownish, and can to a large extent be adapted to the desires of the consumer.
The animal litter according to the invention is particularly useful as litter for cats.
Compared with known animal litter products the product manufactured according to the invention has the following advantages. The new litter according to the invention is very easy to handle in comparison to known litter products because it has a low apparent density.
In addition, the product according to the ;nvention does ZO not have a fine dust fraction and is abrasion-free according to the abrasion cLassification (modified SHELL-Index). Owing to its high absorbing power the litter according to the invention does not need to be changed frequently and thereby reduces use o~ large amounts so Z5 that a lor1ger life or period of use are ensured. The product according to the invention can advantageously be disposed of down the drains or by domestic compost preparation.
To sum up, the animal litter according to the invention l1as, compared with the known animal litter products, the great advantage that with the superior absorption or adsorption capacity thigh absorbing power) of the granules according to the invention having an oryanic fibre basis, prepared from waste and used materials with the addition of diverse materials, such as lime, cal~cium hydroxide, gypsum and s;milar materials and a certain amount of residual moisture, it not only~ as already mentioned, retains its shape and consistency but is also odour-retaining, bactericidal and easy to dispose o~ .
The invention further relates to a new method for the manufacture of animal litter by using a fibre and/or granulate fraction obtained from domestic, industrial and other similar waste. This fraction can be produced according to DE-PS 31 05 597. In this way waste and used materials and/or secondary materials can be used therewith to a great extent. The method according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture the new animal litter mechanically and economically. In this new method it is possible in part to use a known technique (rotating granulating drum) which can also be employed to manufacture other granulated products, such as fert-ilizer, chemical materials, foodstuffs, etc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
ZO The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram of the manufacture according to the invention of an animal litter according to an embodiment oF the invention.
DETAILED_DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE
INVE:TION
By way of example, the manufacture according to the invention of the new animal litter llaving a precrushed organic fibre basis, prepared from waste materials was carried out as -follows, with reference to Fig. 1.
The following starting materials were used:
approx. 60 %/wt. organic fibres, prepared from waste and used materials (according to ' DE-PS 31 05 597), approx. 3Z Xiwt. lime or calcium hydroxide or gypsum, approx. 8 X/wt. water.
The organic fi~res, prepared from mixed domestic, industrial and other such waste which can be manufactured according to DE-PS 31 ~5 597, are stored in a storage bin 1. The pre-crushed organic waste materials are withdrawn in measured amounts from this bin 1 and delivered to a putverizer 3.
Position 3 then pulverises these materials to dust and the powder made in this way is transported pneumaticaLly (not shown) to a metering bin 4.
This position 4 then conveys the powder, metered by weight, to a mixer 6. The additional materials (lime, calcium hydroxide, gypsum or similar materials) are then metered from a storage bin 4 accordirg to a special formula and sequence and are likewise supplied to the mixer 6.
Water metered from a device 5 is then conveyed to the mixer. This mixer (position 6) can be a ~nown cyclic Z0 batch mixer, having the function of mixing the components according to a special program. A conveyor (not shown) conveys the finished mixture to a mixture metering device 7. This mixture metering device has the following functions:
~5 a) Storing the mixture ancl b) metering the mixture.
A mechanical conveyor (not shown) then transports the rnixture metered From the mixture metering device 7 to a granulating device o~ The function of the granulating device 8, which in an embodiment of the invention comprises a rota-ting drum, is to spheroidise the mixed material. The speed, inclination and residence time of ~he mixture are important for determining its shape. The granulating device can alternatively comprise a plate or a worm. ' ~ ~d~
The shaped pieces obtained are conveyed from position ~ ~granulating device) directly to a pre screen;ng device 9. This pre~screening device 9 separates the oversi2ed shaped pieces from those with the maximum final size (10 mm diameter). A conveyor (not shown) transports tl1e oversize pieces back to the mixture metering device 7.
- The shaped pieces of litter are then conveyed to a secondary treatment device 10 by a conveyor (not shown).
The ~unction of the secondary treatment device (position 10) is to dust the shaped pieces of lit~er Witll a mineral powder. A conveyor (not shown) then transports the dusted shaped pieces to a drier 11. This drier 11 comprises a rotating drum with a heating device (not shown) arranged before it. The function of position 11 is to dry the shaped pieces at a specific temperature while cont;nually moving and rolling them from about ~0 to 70Z water content to a maximum water content of o X/wt. without the shaped pieces being damaged or Zû deformed~ At the end of this drying phase hard granules are formed which are conveyed directly to a separating housing 1Z~
The separating housing (position 12) comprises a settling chamber and a granuLe discharge outlet and separates the granules From the steam-air mixture that has been formed during drying.
The granules are then taken by a conveyor (not shown) from the outlet of tlle separating housing 1Z and transported to a fractionating device 13. This posi-tion 13 (fractionating device) separates the granules into two grain sizes. In the method according to the invention the fine grain material advantageously less than 1 mm diameter~ is supplied to the mixer 6 for recycling by a conveyor ~not shown).
The product (granulate) obtained is supplied to a cooling/~ust-removing device 1~ likewise by a transporting uni~ (not sl1own).
The function of this position 14 (cooling/dust-removing device), in which there are built-;n fans, is to cool the product, which is still hot, to room temperature and simultaneously remove the dust. The cooled product is then conveyed directly to a deodorizing device 15.
Position 15 (deodorizil1g device) comorises a swinging container with a pneumatic injection dev;ce and its function is to spray the product uniformly with the 1û preset fragrance note.
A transporter tnot shown) conveys the finished animal litter product to a portion dispensing device 16.
This dispensing device 16 divides the product stream into portions of the predetermined commercial size and passes these directly to a packaging device 17. Position 17 (packaging) takes the portions and fills them into bags, which are then seal2d immediately and stacked in a container.
The average material parameter values of the animal litter granules obtained according to the invention were as follows:
apparent density approx. 400kg/m3 moisture/liquid take-up capacity between 90 and 1Z0 g watert Z5 100 9 litter particle size in the range o~ Z to 5 mm colour light grey water content 7.7X
loss at red heat 56.1%
30 Abrasion 1.8 /00 at 6 kgtcmZ
(mod. SHELL-Index) The products manufactured in this way according to the method of the invention and having an organic fibre basis, prepared from waste and used materials, can be used with advantage as animal litter, in particular as litter fdr cats. As shown above the product according to ~3~
the invention is superior to known commercial products in respect of apparent density, absorption of moisture/liquid and abrasive behaviour. Since the new product 3ccording to the invention is aLso superior to S known commerciaL products in respect of odour-retaining power and in the other ways mentioned above it is s~itabLe as a superior animaL litter, in particular ~s Litter for cats.
Claims (13)
1. Animal litter in a solid, granulated form which ensures a high degree of odour retention, has high absorbing power and a low apparent density, said litter consisting of granules having an organic fibre basis and being prepared from waste materials and additional materials.
2. Animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said granules have a particle size in the range of 1 to 10 mm, preferably in the range of 2 to 5 mm.
3. Animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said granules have an apparent density in the range of 200 to 700 kg/m3, preferably in the range of 300 to 500 kg/m3.
4. Animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said granules have been freed from dust and deodorized.
5. Animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said additional materials are selected from the group consisting of lime, calcium hydroxide, gypsum and similar materials.
6. Animal litter according to claim 1, wherein said litter consists of:
a) 55 to 65 %/wt., preferably about 60 %/wt., of organic fibres prepared from waste materials, b) 30 to 34 %/wt., preferably about 32 %/wt., of additional materials such as lime, calcium hydroxide, gypsum and similar materials, c) 6 to 10 %/wt., preferably about 8 %/wt. water.
a) 55 to 65 %/wt., preferably about 60 %/wt., of organic fibres prepared from waste materials, b) 30 to 34 %/wt., preferably about 32 %/wt., of additional materials such as lime, calcium hydroxide, gypsum and similar materials, c) 6 to 10 %/wt., preferably about 8 %/wt. water.
7. Animal litter according to claim 1, which has a moisture/liquid take-up capacity between 90 and 120 g water/100 g litter.
8. A method for the manufacture of animal litter using a fibre and/or granular fraction obtained from domestic, industrial and other similar waste, wherein the fraction obtained from the waste is pulverized, mixed with additional materials and water, the mixture is adjusted to a specific moisture content and subsequently granulated, and the resulting shaped pieces having a predetermined particle size are separated.
9. A method for the manufacture of animal litter according to claim 8, wherein said shaped pieces undergo a secondary treatment having the following steps:
- adding dust to and then drying the shaped pieces, - repeated fractionation of the resulting granules into predetermined particle sizes, - cooling and removing dust from the granules.
- adding dust to and then drying the shaped pieces, - repeated fractionation of the resulting granules into predetermined particle sizes, - cooling and removing dust from the granules.
10. A method for the manufacture of animal litter according to claim 9, wherein said secondary treatment includes the step of deodorizing the cooled and dust-free granules.
11. A method for the manufacture of animal litter according to claim 9, wherein in the drying step the shaped pieces are dried in a rotating drum at a specific temperature from about 40 to 70% water content to a maximum water content of 8%.
12. A method for the manufacture of animal litter according to claim 8, wherein, after the separation, the remaining shaped pieces are returned to the mixture.
13. A method for the manufacture of animal litter according to claim 9, wherein the fine grained material, preferably smaller than 1 mm diameter, obtained by fractionation is added back to the mixture.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3911678A DE3911678A1 (en) | 1989-04-10 | 1989-04-10 | ANIMAL TREATMENT AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF |
| DEP3911678.6-42 | 1989-04-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2014292A1 true CA2014292A1 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
Family
ID=6378323
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002014292A Abandoned CA2014292A1 (en) | 1989-04-10 | 1990-04-10 | Animal litter and a method for its manufacture |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0392444B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE101957T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2014292A1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH680894A5 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD299024A5 (en) |
| DE (3) | DE3911678A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0392444T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI900966A7 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO900898L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ233244A (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4101243A1 (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-07-23 | Solvay Deutschland | LIVESTOCK AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
| DE4109590C2 (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1996-05-02 | Effem Gmbh | Animal litter and processes for their production |
| DE9215339U1 (en) | 1992-11-11 | 1993-03-18 | Holstein Flachs Flachsveredlungsgesellschaft mbH, 2360 Mielsdorf | Stable bedding |
| DE19900196C2 (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 2000-11-02 | Gerald Hartwig | Non-dusting material as litter or insulation material |
| CZ288405B6 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2001-06-13 | Jankovsky Jiri | Bedding for petty animals |
| USD415100S (en) | 1998-06-16 | 1999-10-12 | Black & Decker Inc. | Battery pack |
| USD463774S1 (en) | 1998-06-17 | 2002-10-01 | Black & Decker Inc. | Battery pack terminal and housing |
| DE10010210C1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2001-12-13 | Masterfoods Gmbh | Process for producing porous ceramic granules loaded with volatile substances and their use |
| FR2821238B1 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2004-12-10 | Solvay | ABSORBENT MASS AND LITTER FOR ANIMALS |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4341180A (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1982-07-27 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Animal litter and process |
| DE2725687A1 (en) * | 1977-06-07 | 1978-12-21 | Oil Dri Corp Of America | Gypsum granules for absorption on liquids - used to absorb oils, fats, water e.g. animal excrement, as supports for chemicals e.g. agriculture and as soil conditioning agents |
| DE2748752A1 (en) * | 1977-10-31 | 1979-05-03 | Adolf Raith | Long-lasting, odour-suppressing litter for small animals - comprising mixed wood chips and powdered, burned argillaceous earth |
| CH650172A5 (en) * | 1980-12-24 | 1985-07-15 | Orfa Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING FIBER AND GRANULAR MATERIAL FROM WASTE, PLANT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD, AND USE OF FIBER AND GRANULAR MATERIAL. |
| US4409925A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-10-18 | Thermaster Inc. | Absorbent material |
| DK105982A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1983-11-21 | Skamol Skarrehage Molerverk As | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF LIQUID PREPARING GRANULATE AND A LIQUID PREPARING GRANULATE PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE |
| US4519340A (en) * | 1982-03-17 | 1985-05-28 | Dickey Natural Systems, Inc. | Absorbent composition for animal excreta and process for making and using same |
| SE8207156L (en) * | 1982-12-14 | 1984-06-15 | Kopparfors Papyrus Ab | ABSORBENT FOR WATER BASED WETS AND WITH INHERENT LAYERS FIRE RISK |
| CA1249714A (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1989-02-07 | Donald B. Martin | Absorbent material |
| FI861025L (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1986-03-12 | East West Minerals N L | ABSORBENT CLAY. |
| US4721059A (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1988-01-26 | H. Edward Lowe | Nonclay catbox filler |
| US4723509A (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1988-02-09 | Schaefer Ernest R | Cat litter |
| DE3644826A1 (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-07-02 | Guenter Warnke | Substance for absorbing fluids, especially litter to absorb (animal) excrement, and process for its preparation |
| FR2606668B1 (en) * | 1986-11-17 | 1990-01-05 | Tharrault Francois | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION FROM A STATIONARY SLUDGE OF A LIQUID-ABSORBING PARTICLE PRODUCT |
-
1989
- 1989-04-10 DE DE3911678A patent/DE3911678A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-05-30 DE DE8906631U patent/DE8906631U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-02-26 FI FI900966A patent/FI900966A7/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-02-26 NO NO90900898A patent/NO900898L/en unknown
- 1990-04-03 DD DD90339387A patent/DD299024A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-06 NZ NZ233244A patent/NZ233244A/en unknown
- 1990-04-09 CH CH1195/90A patent/CH680894A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-10 DK DK90106823.9T patent/DK0392444T3/en active
- 1990-04-10 EP EP90106823A patent/EP0392444B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-10 AT AT90106823T patent/ATE101957T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-10 DE DE90106823T patent/DE59004717D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-10 CA CA002014292A patent/CA2014292A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59004717D1 (en) | 1994-04-07 |
| FI900966A0 (en) | 1990-02-26 |
| DE8906631U1 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
| DK0392444T3 (en) | 1994-03-28 |
| AU5298890A (en) | 1990-10-11 |
| DE3911678A1 (en) | 1990-10-11 |
| DD299024A5 (en) | 1992-03-26 |
| CH680894A5 (en) | 1992-12-15 |
| EP0392444A1 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
| AU636601B2 (en) | 1993-05-06 |
| FI900966A7 (en) | 1990-10-11 |
| ATE101957T1 (en) | 1994-03-15 |
| EP0392444B1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
| NZ233244A (en) | 1992-04-28 |
| NO900898D0 (en) | 1990-02-26 |
| NO900898L (en) | 1990-10-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |