CA1297673C - Water slurry of carbonized substances, and process of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Water slurry of carbonized substances, and process of manufacturing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1297673C CA1297673C CA000505226A CA505226A CA1297673C CA 1297673 C CA1297673 C CA 1297673C CA 000505226 A CA000505226 A CA 000505226A CA 505226 A CA505226 A CA 505226A CA 1297673 C CA1297673 C CA 1297673C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carbonized
- slurry
- plant material
- water
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An aqueous slurry of carbonized plant material is disclosed wherein the carbonized plant material is less than 50 microns particle size and the amount of water in the slurry is about 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight per 1 part by weight carbonized material. Apparatus and method for the manufacture of the slurries are also disclosed.
An aqueous slurry of carbonized plant material is disclosed wherein the carbonized plant material is less than 50 microns particle size and the amount of water in the slurry is about 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight per 1 part by weight carbonized material. Apparatus and method for the manufacture of the slurries are also disclosed.
Description
7~
Title of the Invention:
AQVEOUS SLURRIES OF CARBONIZED SUBSTANCES ~A~UFACTURI~G ~ETHOD AND
MANUFACTURING ~QUIPMENT THEREFOR.
This invention relates to an aqueous slurry of carbonized material ana to apparatus and method for the manufacture thereof. Hors particularly, it relates to an aqueous slurry of carbonized material of small particle size.
Since carbonized substances from plants are solids of indefinite form, they are inconvenient for handlin~ such as transport, storage and the like compared with liquid fuels. Interest in techniques to fluidize and transport these carbonized plan~ materials has been enhanced because of two factors.
One is the advantages of fluidization in handlin~ durin~ transport and the other is the expectation of an alternative fuel closer to oil from the economic aspect. Recently, developments in research on mixed slurries of coal with water have made progress.
The present invention thus relates to an aqueous slurry obtainable by adding water to carbonized plant material (hereinafter referred as CCWS~.
Although there are various types of pulverizers for the pulverization of solid matter such as coal etc. as shown in Table 1, it has been considered difficult to reduce the diameter of the ~ranules to less than 100 microns as well as there being a lack of economical pulverizers. The situation is the same also in the case of pulverizing carbonized plant substances on a laboratory scale even when not carried out on a commercial basis. Since the pulverizat.ion thereof is eas;er than that of coal, there hss been the advantage that the power consumption is somewhat lowar. When mixing these fine powders with water under fixed conditions using a dispersion stabilizer, an aqueous slurry can be made. Investigations have also started recently on a method for carrying ou~ the pulverization and the conversion to slurry simultaneously.
As to conventional techniques to make aqueous slurries from coal, there are three ways as shown in following diagrams (There are no techniques to make an aqueous slurry from carbonized plant material.
~, ~
., ~2~ 3 Ta` l. Classification of pulverizers and characteristics thereof placing fine pulverizers in center ~ _ ~ __.
i~cation ~e of pulverizer Name of pulverize Structure of pulverizer I Remarks _ ~ ., .. ~ ~ . ~
Jaw crusher /
Ccmpressive crusher Gyratory crusher /
(Coarse pulverizer) Cone crusher /
Shearlng coarse CUtterl Blade type /
crusher milllCutter type /
9~ Shredder /
(Harmer mill, / I /
shredder) / I /
Impact crusher Harmer crusher /
~ ~ ~ Ro11 mil1 Roll crusher /
_ _ (Roll -revolution __ /
type) Roll n~schine /
h _ _ _ _ _ __ ~ ~
tDisintegrstor) D1sinteg~tor /
~ Screw mill _. (Coffee mill) /
~ llol1-ro111n~ w- _ ~ID~;~ Used in the field of ceramic industry since .~ ment type &dger~er ike rollers on circular plate lcng ago and called fret mill. Knaading is .~ __ ~f ~ included._To several~-m._ Hitting powder lay- ~mpact on particles in vessel by Simple structure, la~ processing quantity.
er with mallet type Stump mill alling of pounder ~stump) To ten and several ~m with special sub-l __ - ~. .... _ , ., _ . , 1, Disk mill, Pin mil ldVeirkZatiln biY Piin8 or giVeS Disintegrating action. To ten and several _ pulverizer (Hanmer mill) ~ At miZeri and ToriseUveralYf~m occa8ionally.
. ..._ ~ .. . _ _ se oP i~t plate revolving at Supermicron mill, turbcmill and various CentriPugal classi- igh speed. Particles move to types. To micron order.
Pication type mill ial direction riding on air ~rrent..
.. .___ .. . _ _ _ ~anpression, shear and frlctlon~
Roll-rolling move- Roller mlll n powders by ravolution of sev- Mainly raw materials for ceTent ment type ral rollers ~or balls) around i tha sun and on own axis on a dis I
a~ Spontaneous pulver- AeroPall mill Lndar oP largeUlVcalriibaetionAin cyl- IAimed at cr lda raw materials such as ores - _~ _, . ~weep system _ _ _ -P~ ~ lverization by falling of ball !Most widely used in all fields. Many typas ~all mill in narrch t into revolving cylinder as and diverse operating mathods and condi-Ball mill (in broad sense (Pot mill, lverizing medium. Continuous, tions. Possible also in a region of sub-sense) hlbe mil1) tch, dry and wet type. micron. _ _ /Rolling Irovement~ ~ibratory ball mill i~m t lmto cylindrical or persion, mixing ortreParc0Ctiednresp5UCh as dis-~low speed 7 ~ _ ~ Pulverization in a re~ion of submicron Planet type pulver Revolutions both aroud the sun Pa~arful for the use in a region of sub-i~er ~=~ micron. _ _ _ Tcwer type pulveri Agitation of medium in vertical iCombined mainly with rock, partly with neu-zer (Screw type) ylinder by screw. !tralization procedure etc.
~ ~ . .. . _ ............ . _ __ _ _ .~ Agitator mill iolent agi~ation of pebbles and IStarted frc(n the use for pulverization of Medium agitation beads in vertical cylinder. Ipigment etc. as sand grinder. Currently, type pulverizer Agitation of pebbles and beads i attracted attention rapidly also as pulver-Disk-agitation mil cal ves5el byh5revzeornatall hylindri_ in a reglon of submicron.
____________________ ~ Developed in Germany and Switzerland re-Annular mill peed revolution of cylinder wit~ cently. For pulverization in a region of beads put into a space of double submicron.
, Air current pulver- Jet pu~verl~er cles ~ ~et aibrYcurag ing partl limited to a rleAgmiOn OfiSpsebmilve action is ~ . ~ ~ -- .
Wet type high-speed * - t fine pulverizer of high-speed Dispersion into fluid after pulverizing to revolution mill Colloid mill evolution type. Disk revolu- submicron.
ion, Intragap flow, etc.
- - ___ . __ _~
* lverization of powders in mo- Torpedo pulverizer. For preparation of an-Traditional special Mortar ar by hands using pestle. Motor alytical samples. To submicron.
pulverizer type is available ~ Stone mill _ __ __ _ _ ~ Yagen _ _ _ _ _ , __ _~ ~ _ _ ~
Notet Those marked by * are powerful for production of super fine particles.
~ ~ ~ 29~3 Wet proce&s ¦pulverizer¦ ~ roncentratin~ Mlxlng and Cln-Water Sulfur T
Ash Dispersant ~ Semidry process ¦Wet pulv ffizerl l _ _ ¦Mixing and con-_ ....................... _ jversion to slurry Dry pulverizer _ , _ _ ~ Dispersant W Dry process ¦Dry pulveri~a~ion ~ X ~
I . I version ~ slurry .
t . T
Water Dlspersant There are no reports on the manufacture of aqueous slurries through fine pulverizstion by the use of a super colloid mill type fine pulverization device (Masscolloider*? listed in Table 1.
As can be seen from the diagrams of the manuacturing p~ocesses for coal-water slurries, conversion to a slurry is carried out via two or three stages. It is a characteristic of the present invention to carry out the fine pulverization and the conversion to slurry simultaneously in one stage.
Wi.th commercial pulverizers as above, two to three stages are necessary for the conversion to slurry and the particle size of the granules cannot be made less than 100 microns. Therefore, the super colloid mill was reformed and improved ~or pulverizin~ the particles to 18ss than 20 microns and ; convertin~ to aqueous slurry in one stage. Reeping an eye on the improvement in the upper and lower ~rinders which form the heart of the ~asscolloider*
regarded possibly as representative of a super colloid milL, the inventors * trade mark , ~ " ~ ,.. .
, ::
, have succeeded in making vitrified grinders (grind-stones) composite with polymer so as to alter the quality of the material entirely. By fitting these polymer-composite vitrified grinders (trade mark: Grindelt a polymer-composite vitrified grinder containing thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer partially filling the voids therein in an amount of 30 to 60~ of the void pores so that 70 to 40~ of the void pores remain and the volume fraction Vp of polymer lies within a range of 0.09 to 0.21) to a Masscolloider~, it became possible to finely pulverize the carbonized plant material continuously to less than 20 microns for a long period of time. As a result, a method has been developed wherein, by adding water and dispersant, a stable carbonized material - aqueous slurry is manufactured together with fine pulverization.
In consequence, the power consumption power was lowered and the cost price for the manufacture became about one half to one fifth of that when using the various pulverizers listed in Table l. Judged as a total system, the fact that ~he manufacturing method consists of one stage has proved to contribute greatly to improvement in productivity.
CCWS is a pseudoplastic fluid with a yield value showing thixotropic behavior. Therefore, in order to manufacture CCWS having a high concentration, fluidity and stability simultaneously, a variety of actors are significant, Mainly these are the manufacturing process etc. by the use of a super colloid mil1 type pulverizer as well as fundamental physical properties of the carbonized plant material substances, particle size distribution thereof, dispersant, etc.
First, the fundamental physical properties originate in that the ~ carbonized substances are porous and can adsorb moisture as opposed to coal.
Although the ~undamental physical properties of coal can vary significantly depending upon the minin8 district, those of carbonized plant material show almost constant values without being affected greatly by the kind of plant, conditions of carbonization, etc. Moreover, since the carbonized substances hardly contain any impuri~ies, for example, sulfur and organic matter, the quality control thereo is easy.
Secondly, with regard to the particle size and particle size distribution, `~ ~ when using a Masscolloider* pulverizer ~or the pulverization, the particle size concentrates mostly within a range between 20 and 10 microns compared * Trade Mark , 6~73 with the case of coal, and the yield in this region exceeds 90~. From the fact that the particle diameter of the carboni~ed material is uniform, aqueous slurries which are excellent as to stability can be manufactured.
.'? --~, : ~1 PAT 6379-1 ~;~97673 Thirdly, as ~o the dispersant, there are two methods for allowin~ solid particles such as carbonized plant substances to disperse in~o a liquid: one allows electrostatic repulsion to occur by bindin~ the groups Df ionizable nature on the surface and the other allows steric repulsion to occur by bindin~ (adsorbin~) the solvent-philic high molecular substances.
Through the adjustment of particle size distribution, it becomes possible to make the concentrat;on hi8h (referring to the weight ratios of carbonized substance and water, the case when the ratio of the former is higher), but CCWS of excelLent fluidity cannot be obtained by leaving as it is. Therefore, small amounts of dispersant are needed to giV2 the fluidity. As the dispersants, anionics and nonionics are mainly used. Anionics principally allow the surface of the particles of carbonized substances to be char~ed negatively to provide dispersive action ~y repulsion between surface char~es.
Nonionics principally afford the dispersive action by steric hindrance of long molecular chains. Besides, anionics can provide ~oth actions by making them of high molecular waight.
As the dispersants to be used in the invention, almost all of th0 dispe~sants suitable for coal-water slurries can be used. Among them, anionic~ No. F-l-W* and No. F-6-W* made by ~ihon Oil and Fat Industries Co.
are inexpensive and, by addin~ 1% thereof in tarms of pure ingredient to the weight of carbonized material as an upper limit9 the aqueous slurry can be stabilized for about 2 weeks. The stability differs somewhst depending upon the methods o~ addition. The best method for addition is to spray the aqueous solution of dispersant several times separately in an atomized state. If added all at once, the time for the manufacture has been confirmed to be lengthened about twice. Moreover, the fact that it iq unnecessary for the dispersants to be selected as to type and amount dependin~ upon the type of carbonized material, manufacturin~ method thereof, etc., can also b~ said to be a characteristic. However, it is necessary to take pH, temperature dependence, history of shear resistance, etc. into account to some extent.
Nevertheless, these do not become decisive factors for the manufacturing method.
In order that particles of the carbonized material do not precipitate stabilization due to the mutual dispersion of particles and due to the network * trade mark ~2~7~73 structure formed mutually by particles (weak ag~re~ates) is necess~ry. Since the stabilization due to the dispersion and that due to the ~eak a~regates are opposed to each other, it is an essential point for technical development to control these s~ ully. However, when manufacturin~ a carbonized substance-water slurry by the use of a Masscolloider* pulverizer fitted with Grindel* ~rinders, the aqueous slurry was found to be extremely stable and all of these problems could be solved.
In the D~awings, Fig. 1 is a schematic dia~ra~ showing manufacturin~ process for carbonized material-water slurries according to the invention. Fig. 2 ~A) ~nd (B) are elevational and sectional elevational views, respectively, showing the parts of manufacturin~ equipment for makin~ carbonized material-water slurries accordin~ to the invention.
The correspondence of She numbers in ~he drawin~s to the abbreviated titles is as follows:
_ Number Abbreviated Cltle A Body of ~o. l.. pulverizer A - 1 Adjusting plate A - 2 Rotor A - 3 Impaet pawl A - 4 Stator A - 5 Sereen B Body of ribbon type mixer B - 1 Damper-switehing handle B - 2 Dustproof eover B - 3 Ribbon type agitation arm C sody of serew fesd deviee C - 1 Screw wing D Body of Masseolloider MKZA 10-10 D - 1 Hopper D - 2 Body of eop cover D - 3 Lever handle D - 4 Adjusting handle D - 5 Stator ~asscolloider~
D - 6 Rotor Masscolloider~
D - 7 Exit chute * trade mark ` -6-i3 In Fig. 1, a schematic diagram of the manufscturing process for carbonized substance-water slurries is shown. The following is an explanation.
To 30kg of bark charcoal containin~ 7% of moisture (weight of moisture amounts to 2.1kg) used as the carbonized material was added a well agitated aqueous solution containing 27.~kg of water and 0.558kg of dispersion stabilizer w;th a purity of 50~. At this sta~e, the weight of water amounts to 1 per 1 unit of weight of carboniæed material 9 and the concentration of dispersant in ter~s of pure ingredient corresponds to 1% by ~eight of carbonized material. By kneading for several minutes in a ribbon t~pe mixer after adding the water incorporating dispersant to the carbonized substance, about 113kg of kneaded material was obtained. This kneaded material was pushed into No. 1 Masscolloider* with built-in polymer-composite Grindel*
grinders using a scr~w feed device and the clearance was adjusted to 0.06mm.
As the kneaded material was subjected to super colloidal millin~, the carbonized substance and water were unified by the action of the dispersant into slurry form. This slurry was transferred through a pipe, injected into a No. 2 Masscolloider* pulverizer and the clearance was adjusted to O.Olmm. The fact that the clearance can be adjusted to O.Olmm is an important basis of the invention. From the outlet of the No. 2 machine, CCWS was ejected continuouslr. The particle size distribution of carbonized suhstance in this slurry is shown below. The viscosity was S,S00 cp.
We~t (Z) O _ O 4.7 3.4 19.0 9.9 11.6 6.3 10.3 10.8 8.3 10.3 2.6 2.8 100 Partic1e~) 60 50 ~ 30 20 10 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 10 0.8 0.6 0.5 _ The weight of carbonized material~water slurry obtained was about 56.4kg.
This corresponds to 43 litres in volume. The specific gravity was about 1.3.
In the following, a concrete example will be described in detail based on Fig. 2.
Illustration is made with regard to the manufacturing method for CCWS
using industrial waste carbonized material (mainly waste papar) as the raw material, and the equipment therefor. The carbonized materlal was first * trade mark ~ -7-i ~ . , subjected to coarse pulverization. For this, 30kg each of carbonized raw material were pulverized coarsely with two pulverizers A (having a pulverization capacity of 30kg/hr at O.llmm screening). The carbonized material was fed to ~he body of A by A-l in appropriate amounts at a time, pulverized by the mesh of A-3 provided on A-2 revolving at 4,500 rpm with A-4 fixed to A, and ejected through A-5 with O.lmm. At this time, the consumption voltage was 200V (three-phase) and the consumption current was about 7 AH per pulverizer. On the other hand, 25.8Xg of water and 0.558k~ of disper~ion stabilizer, nonionic ~o. F-6-W (50~ solution of pure in~redient) made by Nihon Oil and Fat Industries Co. were weighed, mixed thoroughly in a simplified mixer and stored (It is necessary to prepare twice the amounts).
Followin~ this, 30k~ each of carbonized material powder pul~erized with A
separately were thrown into two ribbon mixers B, the opening portion thereof bein~ closed by B-l, and, after the addition of an aqueous solution of dispersion stabilizer uniformly in amount, the mixer was covered and mixing was carried out for about 8 minutes by B-3 revolving at 55 rpm to manufacture 43 litres for each run, total 86 litres (about 113kg) of primary CCWS. The consumption voltage was 200V (three-phase) and the consumption current was 5 AH per mixer.
The slurry manufactured with mixer B was ejected completely by opening the opening portion by B-l and switching on.
~ext, the slurry was fed into ~asscolloider* pulverizer D by means of screw feeder C ~capacity of lOOkg~hr) fitted to hopper D-l. The consumption volta~e was 200V ~three-phase) and the consumption current was O.7 AH at C.
With D, the clearance had been adjusted beforehand. While off, D-2 was closed and D-3 was locked firmly. Putting the point where rotor D-6 was contacted with stator D-5 by turning D-4 as far as possible as ~he zero point, the clearance was adjusted to 0.06mm (co~rresponding to 3 divisions) which was required for the pretreatmant pulYerization, and locked. With D switched on, D-6 revolved at 1,450 rpm and 113k~ of CCWS were manufactured over about 52 minutes, and was ejected from D-7. At thls time~ the consump~ion voltage was 200V (three-phase) and the consumption current was 4.0 to 4.4 AH. The product CCWS was transferred further to D, the clearance thereof being set up to O to O.Olmm for finishing, and the particle size of carboni~ed material was brought * trade mark to less than 20 microns to obtain stabilized CCWS. The consumption current of this step was 3.6 to 3.9 AH. The viscosity of CCWS obtained finally was 6,500 cp. ~oreover, the running cost calculated from the consumption of power was 0.2 yen/k~. The particle size distribution of this CCWS is shown below.
ht (Z) lo lo lo lo 116-3117-~LO-4111-518-4~8-318-417-912-4~ oozl ¦Pa~ ~le~ ~¦30¦20 ¦10 ¦ 8-0¦6-0¦5-0¦4-0¦3-0¦2-0¦1-0¦0 8¦0-6¦0-5¦
When carbonized substances are pulverixed by the dry process, the consumption of power is hi~h and dangers such as explosions are sometimes pre~ent. Horeover, the pulverization is also involved in health problems for the human body such as dirt in surroundinss etc. For these reasons, fine pulverization by the wet process was investigated. However, it is extremely diffi.cult to reduce the particle size of carbonized substances to less than 20 microns, and expensive treatment i5 needed to obtain such fine particles.
Recently, CCS conception (Coal Cartridge System) has been proposed and CCCS conception ~Charcoal Cartrid~e System) is now in the course of investigstion. In particular, carboni7ation of inflammables in urban refuse and industrial wastes and the manufacture of CCWS using these as raw materials is re8arde~ as the important technique of the 21st century.
The fulfillme~t of this conception depends upon systemization and equipment capable of integrating the manufacturing processes, which make the particles fine and convert them to an aqueous slurry, into one process.
As a result of the invention, by utilizing this system, arbitrary production systems ranging from small scale to large scale can be built up inexpensively on the site where the carbonized substances are produced. This can be a lar~e saving in economy of resources and ener~y conservation.
It was confirmed by the present invention that not only aqueous slurries, but also alcohol slurrias of carbonized material can be manufactured usin~
alcohols (ethyl, methyl, etc.~ in place of water.
This means that the transport of alcohols and that of fine powders of carbonized material can be made efficiently at the same time. Tharefore, when PAT 6379-l ~9--. ,. ~
~2~
\
importing carbonized substances and alcohols from overseas, they can be transported at a high concentration and economical savings are expected.
.
Title of the Invention:
AQVEOUS SLURRIES OF CARBONIZED SUBSTANCES ~A~UFACTURI~G ~ETHOD AND
MANUFACTURING ~QUIPMENT THEREFOR.
This invention relates to an aqueous slurry of carbonized material ana to apparatus and method for the manufacture thereof. Hors particularly, it relates to an aqueous slurry of carbonized material of small particle size.
Since carbonized substances from plants are solids of indefinite form, they are inconvenient for handlin~ such as transport, storage and the like compared with liquid fuels. Interest in techniques to fluidize and transport these carbonized plan~ materials has been enhanced because of two factors.
One is the advantages of fluidization in handlin~ durin~ transport and the other is the expectation of an alternative fuel closer to oil from the economic aspect. Recently, developments in research on mixed slurries of coal with water have made progress.
The present invention thus relates to an aqueous slurry obtainable by adding water to carbonized plant material (hereinafter referred as CCWS~.
Although there are various types of pulverizers for the pulverization of solid matter such as coal etc. as shown in Table 1, it has been considered difficult to reduce the diameter of the ~ranules to less than 100 microns as well as there being a lack of economical pulverizers. The situation is the same also in the case of pulverizing carbonized plant substances on a laboratory scale even when not carried out on a commercial basis. Since the pulverizat.ion thereof is eas;er than that of coal, there hss been the advantage that the power consumption is somewhat lowar. When mixing these fine powders with water under fixed conditions using a dispersion stabilizer, an aqueous slurry can be made. Investigations have also started recently on a method for carrying ou~ the pulverization and the conversion to slurry simultaneously.
As to conventional techniques to make aqueous slurries from coal, there are three ways as shown in following diagrams (There are no techniques to make an aqueous slurry from carbonized plant material.
~, ~
., ~2~ 3 Ta` l. Classification of pulverizers and characteristics thereof placing fine pulverizers in center ~ _ ~ __.
i~cation ~e of pulverizer Name of pulverize Structure of pulverizer I Remarks _ ~ ., .. ~ ~ . ~
Jaw crusher /
Ccmpressive crusher Gyratory crusher /
(Coarse pulverizer) Cone crusher /
Shearlng coarse CUtterl Blade type /
crusher milllCutter type /
9~ Shredder /
(Harmer mill, / I /
shredder) / I /
Impact crusher Harmer crusher /
~ ~ ~ Ro11 mil1 Roll crusher /
_ _ (Roll -revolution __ /
type) Roll n~schine /
h _ _ _ _ _ __ ~ ~
tDisintegrstor) D1sinteg~tor /
~ Screw mill _. (Coffee mill) /
~ llol1-ro111n~ w- _ ~ID~;~ Used in the field of ceramic industry since .~ ment type &dger~er ike rollers on circular plate lcng ago and called fret mill. Knaading is .~ __ ~f ~ included._To several~-m._ Hitting powder lay- ~mpact on particles in vessel by Simple structure, la~ processing quantity.
er with mallet type Stump mill alling of pounder ~stump) To ten and several ~m with special sub-l __ - ~. .... _ , ., _ . , 1, Disk mill, Pin mil ldVeirkZatiln biY Piin8 or giVeS Disintegrating action. To ten and several _ pulverizer (Hanmer mill) ~ At miZeri and ToriseUveralYf~m occa8ionally.
. ..._ ~ .. . _ _ se oP i~t plate revolving at Supermicron mill, turbcmill and various CentriPugal classi- igh speed. Particles move to types. To micron order.
Pication type mill ial direction riding on air ~rrent..
.. .___ .. . _ _ _ ~anpression, shear and frlctlon~
Roll-rolling move- Roller mlll n powders by ravolution of sev- Mainly raw materials for ceTent ment type ral rollers ~or balls) around i tha sun and on own axis on a dis I
a~ Spontaneous pulver- AeroPall mill Lndar oP largeUlVcalriibaetionAin cyl- IAimed at cr lda raw materials such as ores - _~ _, . ~weep system _ _ _ -P~ ~ lverization by falling of ball !Most widely used in all fields. Many typas ~all mill in narrch t into revolving cylinder as and diverse operating mathods and condi-Ball mill (in broad sense (Pot mill, lverizing medium. Continuous, tions. Possible also in a region of sub-sense) hlbe mil1) tch, dry and wet type. micron. _ _ /Rolling Irovement~ ~ibratory ball mill i~m t lmto cylindrical or persion, mixing ortreParc0Ctiednresp5UCh as dis-~low speed 7 ~ _ ~ Pulverization in a re~ion of submicron Planet type pulver Revolutions both aroud the sun Pa~arful for the use in a region of sub-i~er ~=~ micron. _ _ _ Tcwer type pulveri Agitation of medium in vertical iCombined mainly with rock, partly with neu-zer (Screw type) ylinder by screw. !tralization procedure etc.
~ ~ . .. . _ ............ . _ __ _ _ .~ Agitator mill iolent agi~ation of pebbles and IStarted frc(n the use for pulverization of Medium agitation beads in vertical cylinder. Ipigment etc. as sand grinder. Currently, type pulverizer Agitation of pebbles and beads i attracted attention rapidly also as pulver-Disk-agitation mil cal ves5el byh5revzeornatall hylindri_ in a reglon of submicron.
____________________ ~ Developed in Germany and Switzerland re-Annular mill peed revolution of cylinder wit~ cently. For pulverization in a region of beads put into a space of double submicron.
, Air current pulver- Jet pu~verl~er cles ~ ~et aibrYcurag ing partl limited to a rleAgmiOn OfiSpsebmilve action is ~ . ~ ~ -- .
Wet type high-speed * - t fine pulverizer of high-speed Dispersion into fluid after pulverizing to revolution mill Colloid mill evolution type. Disk revolu- submicron.
ion, Intragap flow, etc.
- - ___ . __ _~
* lverization of powders in mo- Torpedo pulverizer. For preparation of an-Traditional special Mortar ar by hands using pestle. Motor alytical samples. To submicron.
pulverizer type is available ~ Stone mill _ __ __ _ _ ~ Yagen _ _ _ _ _ , __ _~ ~ _ _ ~
Notet Those marked by * are powerful for production of super fine particles.
~ ~ ~ 29~3 Wet proce&s ¦pulverizer¦ ~ roncentratin~ Mlxlng and Cln-Water Sulfur T
Ash Dispersant ~ Semidry process ¦Wet pulv ffizerl l _ _ ¦Mixing and con-_ ....................... _ jversion to slurry Dry pulverizer _ , _ _ ~ Dispersant W Dry process ¦Dry pulveri~a~ion ~ X ~
I . I version ~ slurry .
t . T
Water Dlspersant There are no reports on the manufacture of aqueous slurries through fine pulverizstion by the use of a super colloid mill type fine pulverization device (Masscolloider*? listed in Table 1.
As can be seen from the diagrams of the manuacturing p~ocesses for coal-water slurries, conversion to a slurry is carried out via two or three stages. It is a characteristic of the present invention to carry out the fine pulverization and the conversion to slurry simultaneously in one stage.
Wi.th commercial pulverizers as above, two to three stages are necessary for the conversion to slurry and the particle size of the granules cannot be made less than 100 microns. Therefore, the super colloid mill was reformed and improved ~or pulverizin~ the particles to 18ss than 20 microns and ; convertin~ to aqueous slurry in one stage. Reeping an eye on the improvement in the upper and lower ~rinders which form the heart of the ~asscolloider*
regarded possibly as representative of a super colloid milL, the inventors * trade mark , ~ " ~ ,.. .
, ::
, have succeeded in making vitrified grinders (grind-stones) composite with polymer so as to alter the quality of the material entirely. By fitting these polymer-composite vitrified grinders (trade mark: Grindelt a polymer-composite vitrified grinder containing thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer partially filling the voids therein in an amount of 30 to 60~ of the void pores so that 70 to 40~ of the void pores remain and the volume fraction Vp of polymer lies within a range of 0.09 to 0.21) to a Masscolloider~, it became possible to finely pulverize the carbonized plant material continuously to less than 20 microns for a long period of time. As a result, a method has been developed wherein, by adding water and dispersant, a stable carbonized material - aqueous slurry is manufactured together with fine pulverization.
In consequence, the power consumption power was lowered and the cost price for the manufacture became about one half to one fifth of that when using the various pulverizers listed in Table l. Judged as a total system, the fact that ~he manufacturing method consists of one stage has proved to contribute greatly to improvement in productivity.
CCWS is a pseudoplastic fluid with a yield value showing thixotropic behavior. Therefore, in order to manufacture CCWS having a high concentration, fluidity and stability simultaneously, a variety of actors are significant, Mainly these are the manufacturing process etc. by the use of a super colloid mil1 type pulverizer as well as fundamental physical properties of the carbonized plant material substances, particle size distribution thereof, dispersant, etc.
First, the fundamental physical properties originate in that the ~ carbonized substances are porous and can adsorb moisture as opposed to coal.
Although the ~undamental physical properties of coal can vary significantly depending upon the minin8 district, those of carbonized plant material show almost constant values without being affected greatly by the kind of plant, conditions of carbonization, etc. Moreover, since the carbonized substances hardly contain any impuri~ies, for example, sulfur and organic matter, the quality control thereo is easy.
Secondly, with regard to the particle size and particle size distribution, `~ ~ when using a Masscolloider* pulverizer ~or the pulverization, the particle size concentrates mostly within a range between 20 and 10 microns compared * Trade Mark , 6~73 with the case of coal, and the yield in this region exceeds 90~. From the fact that the particle diameter of the carboni~ed material is uniform, aqueous slurries which are excellent as to stability can be manufactured.
.'? --~, : ~1 PAT 6379-1 ~;~97673 Thirdly, as ~o the dispersant, there are two methods for allowin~ solid particles such as carbonized plant substances to disperse in~o a liquid: one allows electrostatic repulsion to occur by bindin~ the groups Df ionizable nature on the surface and the other allows steric repulsion to occur by bindin~ (adsorbin~) the solvent-philic high molecular substances.
Through the adjustment of particle size distribution, it becomes possible to make the concentrat;on hi8h (referring to the weight ratios of carbonized substance and water, the case when the ratio of the former is higher), but CCWS of excelLent fluidity cannot be obtained by leaving as it is. Therefore, small amounts of dispersant are needed to giV2 the fluidity. As the dispersants, anionics and nonionics are mainly used. Anionics principally allow the surface of the particles of carbonized substances to be char~ed negatively to provide dispersive action ~y repulsion between surface char~es.
Nonionics principally afford the dispersive action by steric hindrance of long molecular chains. Besides, anionics can provide ~oth actions by making them of high molecular waight.
As the dispersants to be used in the invention, almost all of th0 dispe~sants suitable for coal-water slurries can be used. Among them, anionic~ No. F-l-W* and No. F-6-W* made by ~ihon Oil and Fat Industries Co.
are inexpensive and, by addin~ 1% thereof in tarms of pure ingredient to the weight of carbonized material as an upper limit9 the aqueous slurry can be stabilized for about 2 weeks. The stability differs somewhst depending upon the methods o~ addition. The best method for addition is to spray the aqueous solution of dispersant several times separately in an atomized state. If added all at once, the time for the manufacture has been confirmed to be lengthened about twice. Moreover, the fact that it iq unnecessary for the dispersants to be selected as to type and amount dependin~ upon the type of carbonized material, manufacturin~ method thereof, etc., can also b~ said to be a characteristic. However, it is necessary to take pH, temperature dependence, history of shear resistance, etc. into account to some extent.
Nevertheless, these do not become decisive factors for the manufacturing method.
In order that particles of the carbonized material do not precipitate stabilization due to the mutual dispersion of particles and due to the network * trade mark ~2~7~73 structure formed mutually by particles (weak ag~re~ates) is necess~ry. Since the stabilization due to the dispersion and that due to the ~eak a~regates are opposed to each other, it is an essential point for technical development to control these s~ ully. However, when manufacturin~ a carbonized substance-water slurry by the use of a Masscolloider* pulverizer fitted with Grindel* ~rinders, the aqueous slurry was found to be extremely stable and all of these problems could be solved.
In the D~awings, Fig. 1 is a schematic dia~ra~ showing manufacturin~ process for carbonized material-water slurries according to the invention. Fig. 2 ~A) ~nd (B) are elevational and sectional elevational views, respectively, showing the parts of manufacturin~ equipment for makin~ carbonized material-water slurries accordin~ to the invention.
The correspondence of She numbers in ~he drawin~s to the abbreviated titles is as follows:
_ Number Abbreviated Cltle A Body of ~o. l.. pulverizer A - 1 Adjusting plate A - 2 Rotor A - 3 Impaet pawl A - 4 Stator A - 5 Sereen B Body of ribbon type mixer B - 1 Damper-switehing handle B - 2 Dustproof eover B - 3 Ribbon type agitation arm C sody of serew fesd deviee C - 1 Screw wing D Body of Masseolloider MKZA 10-10 D - 1 Hopper D - 2 Body of eop cover D - 3 Lever handle D - 4 Adjusting handle D - 5 Stator ~asscolloider~
D - 6 Rotor Masscolloider~
D - 7 Exit chute * trade mark ` -6-i3 In Fig. 1, a schematic diagram of the manufscturing process for carbonized substance-water slurries is shown. The following is an explanation.
To 30kg of bark charcoal containin~ 7% of moisture (weight of moisture amounts to 2.1kg) used as the carbonized material was added a well agitated aqueous solution containing 27.~kg of water and 0.558kg of dispersion stabilizer w;th a purity of 50~. At this sta~e, the weight of water amounts to 1 per 1 unit of weight of carboniæed material 9 and the concentration of dispersant in ter~s of pure ingredient corresponds to 1% by ~eight of carbonized material. By kneading for several minutes in a ribbon t~pe mixer after adding the water incorporating dispersant to the carbonized substance, about 113kg of kneaded material was obtained. This kneaded material was pushed into No. 1 Masscolloider* with built-in polymer-composite Grindel*
grinders using a scr~w feed device and the clearance was adjusted to 0.06mm.
As the kneaded material was subjected to super colloidal millin~, the carbonized substance and water were unified by the action of the dispersant into slurry form. This slurry was transferred through a pipe, injected into a No. 2 Masscolloider* pulverizer and the clearance was adjusted to O.Olmm. The fact that the clearance can be adjusted to O.Olmm is an important basis of the invention. From the outlet of the No. 2 machine, CCWS was ejected continuouslr. The particle size distribution of carbonized suhstance in this slurry is shown below. The viscosity was S,S00 cp.
We~t (Z) O _ O 4.7 3.4 19.0 9.9 11.6 6.3 10.3 10.8 8.3 10.3 2.6 2.8 100 Partic1e~) 60 50 ~ 30 20 10 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 10 0.8 0.6 0.5 _ The weight of carbonized material~water slurry obtained was about 56.4kg.
This corresponds to 43 litres in volume. The specific gravity was about 1.3.
In the following, a concrete example will be described in detail based on Fig. 2.
Illustration is made with regard to the manufacturing method for CCWS
using industrial waste carbonized material (mainly waste papar) as the raw material, and the equipment therefor. The carbonized materlal was first * trade mark ~ -7-i ~ . , subjected to coarse pulverization. For this, 30kg each of carbonized raw material were pulverized coarsely with two pulverizers A (having a pulverization capacity of 30kg/hr at O.llmm screening). The carbonized material was fed to ~he body of A by A-l in appropriate amounts at a time, pulverized by the mesh of A-3 provided on A-2 revolving at 4,500 rpm with A-4 fixed to A, and ejected through A-5 with O.lmm. At this time, the consumption voltage was 200V (three-phase) and the consumption current was about 7 AH per pulverizer. On the other hand, 25.8Xg of water and 0.558k~ of disper~ion stabilizer, nonionic ~o. F-6-W (50~ solution of pure in~redient) made by Nihon Oil and Fat Industries Co. were weighed, mixed thoroughly in a simplified mixer and stored (It is necessary to prepare twice the amounts).
Followin~ this, 30k~ each of carbonized material powder pul~erized with A
separately were thrown into two ribbon mixers B, the opening portion thereof bein~ closed by B-l, and, after the addition of an aqueous solution of dispersion stabilizer uniformly in amount, the mixer was covered and mixing was carried out for about 8 minutes by B-3 revolving at 55 rpm to manufacture 43 litres for each run, total 86 litres (about 113kg) of primary CCWS. The consumption voltage was 200V (three-phase) and the consumption current was 5 AH per mixer.
The slurry manufactured with mixer B was ejected completely by opening the opening portion by B-l and switching on.
~ext, the slurry was fed into ~asscolloider* pulverizer D by means of screw feeder C ~capacity of lOOkg~hr) fitted to hopper D-l. The consumption volta~e was 200V ~three-phase) and the consumption current was O.7 AH at C.
With D, the clearance had been adjusted beforehand. While off, D-2 was closed and D-3 was locked firmly. Putting the point where rotor D-6 was contacted with stator D-5 by turning D-4 as far as possible as ~he zero point, the clearance was adjusted to 0.06mm (co~rresponding to 3 divisions) which was required for the pretreatmant pulYerization, and locked. With D switched on, D-6 revolved at 1,450 rpm and 113k~ of CCWS were manufactured over about 52 minutes, and was ejected from D-7. At thls time~ the consump~ion voltage was 200V (three-phase) and the consumption current was 4.0 to 4.4 AH. The product CCWS was transferred further to D, the clearance thereof being set up to O to O.Olmm for finishing, and the particle size of carboni~ed material was brought * trade mark to less than 20 microns to obtain stabilized CCWS. The consumption current of this step was 3.6 to 3.9 AH. The viscosity of CCWS obtained finally was 6,500 cp. ~oreover, the running cost calculated from the consumption of power was 0.2 yen/k~. The particle size distribution of this CCWS is shown below.
ht (Z) lo lo lo lo 116-3117-~LO-4111-518-4~8-318-417-912-4~ oozl ¦Pa~ ~le~ ~¦30¦20 ¦10 ¦ 8-0¦6-0¦5-0¦4-0¦3-0¦2-0¦1-0¦0 8¦0-6¦0-5¦
When carbonized substances are pulverixed by the dry process, the consumption of power is hi~h and dangers such as explosions are sometimes pre~ent. Horeover, the pulverization is also involved in health problems for the human body such as dirt in surroundinss etc. For these reasons, fine pulverization by the wet process was investigated. However, it is extremely diffi.cult to reduce the particle size of carbonized substances to less than 20 microns, and expensive treatment i5 needed to obtain such fine particles.
Recently, CCS conception (Coal Cartridge System) has been proposed and CCCS conception ~Charcoal Cartrid~e System) is now in the course of investigstion. In particular, carboni7ation of inflammables in urban refuse and industrial wastes and the manufacture of CCWS using these as raw materials is re8arde~ as the important technique of the 21st century.
The fulfillme~t of this conception depends upon systemization and equipment capable of integrating the manufacturing processes, which make the particles fine and convert them to an aqueous slurry, into one process.
As a result of the invention, by utilizing this system, arbitrary production systems ranging from small scale to large scale can be built up inexpensively on the site where the carbonized substances are produced. This can be a lar~e saving in economy of resources and ener~y conservation.
It was confirmed by the present invention that not only aqueous slurries, but also alcohol slurrias of carbonized material can be manufactured usin~
alcohols (ethyl, methyl, etc.~ in place of water.
This means that the transport of alcohols and that of fine powders of carbonized material can be made efficiently at the same time. Tharefore, when PAT 6379-l ~9--. ,. ~
~2~
\
importing carbonized substances and alcohols from overseas, they can be transported at a high concentration and economical savings are expected.
.
Claims (2)
1. A method for the preparation of an aqueous slurry of carbonized plant material wherein the carbonized plant material is continuously pulverized to less than 50 microns particle size, water and a small amount of dispersant being added simultaneously in an amount in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of the carbonized plant material, fine pulverization and simultaneous slurry formation being carried out in a super colloid mill wherein the grinders are polymer-composite vitrified grinders containing thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer partially filling the voids therein in an amount of 30 to 60% of the void pores so that 70 to 40% of the void pores remain and the volume fraction Vp of polymer lies within a range of 0.09 to 0.21.
2. An aqueous slurry of carbonized plant material comprising 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight of water per 1 part by weight of carbonized plant material pulverized to less than 50 microns particle size, said slurry containing a small amount of dispersant, when prepared by the process of claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60-66206(66206/85) | 1985-03-29 | ||
| JP6620685A JPS61225287A (en) | 1985-03-29 | 1985-03-29 | Carbide-water slurry, process and apparatus for production thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1297673C true CA1297673C (en) | 1992-03-24 |
Family
ID=13309127
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000505226A Expired - Fee Related CA1297673C (en) | 1985-03-29 | 1986-03-26 | Water slurry of carbonized substances, and process of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61225287A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8506565A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1297673C (en) |
| FI (1) | FI83970C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2579614B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE459585B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006072999A1 (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2006-07-13 | Megumi Yamada | Process for producing liquid carbon fuel and apparatus therefor |
| WO2011108474A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-09 | オオブユニティ株式会社 | Sludge treatment method, organic waste treatment method, and method of use for water treatment sludge carbide in liquid phase |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2278399A1 (en) * | 1973-08-09 | 1976-02-13 | Masuda Tsuneo | HIGH PRESSURE CRUSHING PROCESS |
| US4217109A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1980-08-12 | Ab Scaniainventor | Composition comprising a pulverized purified substance, water and a dispersing agent, and a method for preparing the composition |
| GB2047267B (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1983-12-21 | Thermo Electron Corp | Solid carbon-containing slurry fuel and method and apparatus for generating power from such fuel |
| JPS57174195A (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1982-10-26 | Nippon Kemutetsuku Consulting Kk | Composition containing natural organic material and production thereof |
| JPS57180694A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1982-11-06 | Mitsui Sekitan Ekika Kk | Slurrying of hydrous brown coal |
| FR2520750B1 (en) * | 1982-01-29 | 1986-06-06 | Charbonnages De France | AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS OF AT LEAST ONE SOLID FUEL AND A PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION |
| CA1179133A (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1984-12-11 | Joseph P. Fleming | Water slurries of carbonaceous materials |
| US4415338A (en) * | 1982-06-10 | 1983-11-15 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Aqueous carbonaceous slurries |
| US4457762A (en) * | 1983-01-07 | 1984-07-03 | Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company | Stabilized water slurries of carbonaceous materials |
-
1985
- 1985-03-29 JP JP6620685A patent/JPS61225287A/en active Granted
- 1985-10-07 FR FR8514805A patent/FR2579614B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-21 FI FI854095A patent/FI83970C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-12-27 BR BR8506565A patent/BR8506565A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1986
- 1986-03-26 CA CA000505226A patent/CA1297673C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-08-22 SE SE8603559A patent/SE459585B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI854095L (en) | 1986-09-30 |
| FR2579614A1 (en) | 1986-10-03 |
| FI83970B (en) | 1991-06-14 |
| FI83970C (en) | 1991-09-25 |
| FR2579614B1 (en) | 1987-12-18 |
| JPH0362755B2 (en) | 1991-09-26 |
| SE8603559D0 (en) | 1986-08-22 |
| SE8603559L (en) | 1988-02-23 |
| FI854095A0 (en) | 1985-10-21 |
| SE459585B (en) | 1989-07-17 |
| BR8506565A (en) | 1987-02-17 |
| JPS61225287A (en) | 1986-10-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN207187930U (en) | A kind of Novel dry powder mortar stirring device | |
| CN101444846B (en) | Preparation method of hard alloy mixture | |
| CN201669132U (en) | Vegetable kitchen garbage mixing and crushing machine | |
| CA1297673C (en) | Water slurry of carbonized substances, and process of manufacturing the same | |
| CN1034227C (en) | Method for preparing high-concentration coal-water slurry | |
| CN208978004U (en) | A kind of equipment of silt slurry brickmaking | |
| CN215233824U (en) | Site-type material fine crushing and high-quality efficient mixing equipment | |
| CN208978013U (en) | A kind of equipment preparing mud brickmaking mixture | |
| JP3322518B2 (en) | Artificial wood and method for producing the same | |
| CN112246326A (en) | Preparation device and use method of composite nano ZnO cement cementing material | |
| CN1067914A (en) | The production method of emthod of high-concentration coal-water slurry | |
| CN211682847U (en) | Concrete mixer with screening function | |
| JPS593511B2 (en) | Method for producing small pellets using fine coke | |
| CN111849202A (en) | Production and preparation method of superfine filling material | |
| CN1046179A (en) | High-concentration coal-water slurry and preparation method thereof | |
| JPH0150450B2 (en) | ||
| CN117696193A (en) | Online homogenizing and blending comprehensive process for coal slime of coal preparation plant | |
| KR100253902B1 (en) | A manufacturing process and a device of the siliceous fertilize using the steel slag | |
| CN117265951A (en) | Production method of hot mix plant recycled asphalt mixture | |
| JPS59206056A (en) | Method and apparatus for adjusting particle size of solid | |
| JPH0552359B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0542925B2 (en) | ||
| JPS5539273A (en) | Dry type granulating method | |
| JPS6119694A (en) | Production of coal/water slurry having high coal content | |
| JPS63172792A (en) | Production of coal slurry |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |