BE368799A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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 proceeded for the fabrication of ci.Umnl1o: mJ bitwnin6ns6s 91.
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  1iB posante intention consists in a process for the manufacture of emttlaionta of winkles or pitch, in which the tompdratare of the mass to be spiced is now 18 h cm as painted that the bitumen or the pea will be dispensed without being sl1bsten- tially ooagl11 ' In the drawing ;, figs 1, 10 and 1100 taken together represent in a more or less schematic way the apparatus used to carry out the J.?r1SeJmte Inventîon.



  Referring to the drawing, 1 denotes a 6mlelonn8l1r adapted to receive asphalt or other binder and an enameling agent, such as 1.varg110 and water. This container can be of any suitable construction and is made of a rotating marble entrained by transmissions 3 and 4, by any source of force. Amber has a series
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 of arms 5 cooperating with fisse arms 6 disposed against the
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 wall of the eml1lsionnsQro the bat of this mnls1onneis to produce an mI11sionnt of binder and the agent 'mal81o.

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 such as clay, etc. In order to obtain this equal-aligned composition, the clay is introduced into the mixture and water is added to D.8ql1t to obtain a paste.

   Asphalt
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 This paste or other tacky binder is then slowly added to this paste and water is added gradually from time to time to obtain a suitable consistency.
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 hot rence. This mixture is stirred thoroughly 3l1sql1 'until the binder is uniformly dispersed in the emulsifying agent,
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 the bat being to reduce the binder to a state of very fine division and to mix it intimately with the clay. It is
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 heard that other emollifying agents that clay can
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 may be used and in some cases other binders can be
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 can be used as will be described on o1-dassollS.



  This mixture, oontem in the mixture, can be delivered to a threshing apparatus 7, through the tuyaa 8 controlled by the soapape 9. The threshing apparatus 7 is provided with the appropriate action to convert the mass into feel and is provided with a suitable attachment or threshing arms 10 and 11. The palp used can be made of any suitable fibrous material.
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 requested, such as waste paper, bark of fir, palp of
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 wood, cotton waste, grass fibers and hemp, after
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 as the fibers are converted to a palp, the palp is deli-
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 vrée aa by means of pipes 18 and 13 and pump 14 to OGVO-m6langease 15.

   This cellar 15 is provided with a mdcaniqae stirrer 16 actuated by an appropriate source of force which OOngn0. % 0 mixed mixture mentioned o1-desso.s, which has been introduced into the threshing device 7 can be transported directly: into the a with mixer through line 17, controlled by the valve they, When the enameled composition is fed directly into the threshing apparatus,
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 it is beaten in an intense way mixed with the palp,
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 and ai it is transported directly to the cellar-mixecl- no it is mixed there with the palp so as to be intimate-
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 ment associated with the latter.

   It will be desirable in
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 .., d .... d'8Oa.te: r a material re11s8821t8 sa, bzz -8-P 3fiR79

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 which peat hearth of material relatively pea eoatease, sum of the Sun: U'8 of 'wood ;, sand, cork moala or other suitable material finely divided. It may also be desirable to add more aralla to the eave-mixease.

   The mixture in oave 15 is brought to the desired consistency by adding as much dgesl1 as is desired through line 19. The consistency of the mixture in IHlve-mtUang91lS9 will depend on the nature of the product envisaged and also on the nature of the products.
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 materials processed]? because the manufacture of poar compositions
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 coatings "it has been found in some cases according to the invention that the mixture must be saffisamnaent of it with water to allow the fibers to swim more or less in the water, so that the ocoasion will sweat. to intertwine each other when lUesl1 is separated. It is also very important
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 try that the materials are sufficiently mixed to
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 ensure an intimate association of the fibers with the enameled binder and possibly with the filling material.

   The materials in question should be mixed in such a way that in a watery wiliea they will not tend to become sticky when machine washed. Note
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 that when the emulsified composition is formed, the particles
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 Binder wedges are so completely and finely dispersed in the aqueous paste that the binder particles will be completely separated from the den and the clay and water. The operator can be convinced that the emulsion is efficient by manual manipulation. The emulsion is suitable, it will be soft and smooth to the touch and devoid of any tendency to stick.
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  After the matter is intimately mixed it is
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 delivered to the digging mechanism by the 0 wave 80 controlled by the valve 21. The outlet end of the tqal1 80 is provided with the abachare SE duane longael1r preferably corresponding to the l8tgeUt of the delayed sheet. Ivemboaohare 88 delivers the mixture to GD0 box 83 of which

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 the overflow is discharged onto an endless moving screen ai ,, This sieve 84 peat 8tre de aonstraction anglogae to those employed in the paper industry, one can be a perforated caliper belt that is mea.t around the roalogax 25 and 36, Des
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 intermediate roaleaax can be arranged if desired.
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 The upper part of the belt feeds on roalsaax 87, in effect forming a support table for the belt.



  On each side the sieve is provided with flanges 88, serving to prevent the material from flowing from the edges of the sieve
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 mobile.
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  Preferably watering tOn1eaQx oa. of distribution 89 and 30 are arranged and maintained by a spring device as shown in 31, as shown in figure 1, the apparatus is broken down to the surface of the design, but the endless sieve is of sufficient length to allow the desired amount of water to filter 4 through the sieve.



  To facilitate the removal of the eaa from the fellilium, according to the invention, it is said to expose a number of suction boots 58 and intermediate pressure rings 33, and an aspiration tayaa 34 can also be used for move away the eaa,
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 if it is desired. During the operation, the sheet passes from the per- belt,
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 drilled or screened on a canvas or other t1B8U 5 belt, which is around a series of 36 toaleaxes and actuated by any suitable source of force. Pressure rollers can also be arranged there.

   The nOdV0llehOnt sheet formed a is transported by the belt .38 to the infeed rollers 39 and from there by the rollers 40 and 41 to a series of drying rollers 42, the coarrole 38 comes out to absorb any sarplas dhamiditd and is then attached by comes out passage around the cylinders 43.
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  The Belt can be cleaned with the brushes

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 . \: ro% atives jetw àoeaa appPo # Pies 45n ooarnôié "i rotary 44 and dglIDalll jets approprias 45, the oOllK 'belt-'Z8 Can also be cleaned by bzz brushes and the air tayaa .. rosage 47, and the sieve by the 'brushes 48 and the watering pack 49. MI will always be heard as some of the important features of If11n: venti @ z!' is that the mixture qai must be 'transformed into fell111es is of such a nature as to be able to be easily washed from the different noarroles and it will not stick
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 these.
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  After the now formed sheet leaves the cylinders 42 $ it passes between the poaleaax 50 at the end plate 23a of end 51, which is provided with an outlet 53 for the material serving for sale and pressure rollers 53 which can be In any suitable construction, if it is a matter of making wrapping paper covered with granules, the coated sheet may be fine sndaseols from hopper 54 containing a granular material suitable for the face of the paper.

   the sheet is then covered with granular material and passed between the pressure rollers 55 and from there by the cooling cylinders 57 aax due-cotlpage knives 57 arranged on the zozo la feaîlle roll, which is now glued in the longitudinal direction of PEHl .t Be cut transversely by passing it over trans-
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 versaux 69 montas on roaleaax 600 It is understood that
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 these contoaax and rofileaax are 8crt! onned in such a way that they operate in a synahronical way, the paper moroeaaxes are then extinguished by the transport 61.



  The reprinted device is suitable for the production
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 of strips of asphalt paper for roofing and the like, but it is understood that the sheet after it has
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 been formed'peat hearth treated anyway as desired, eg. ple by printing figures etc.



  It may be desirable in aortaine 8 as to put a granular layer on the film without the application of an en- alaito. This can be done by printing the granular material.

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 because the aa.7.le through the hopper 61, while the sheet is still in a sufficiently plastic state to allow the granulated material to be fixed in the trench and to adhere to it. In other cases it may be desirable to give the papiar a coal or luster, and this may be accomplished by coaving the granular layer after it has been applied.
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 qade a paper with a layer of sodium silicate and pigment or color, the latter giving the desired effect.



   An essential feature of the process is the conversion of asphalt or other bitaminease or hy-
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 & rocarburo, which is normally of a heBiVQ nature, has a finely divided non-adhesive form. This transformation is accomplished by a process of dispersing the asphalt in water by means of an imaging agent. The asphalt employed is solid or semi-solid with ordinary toupératare and is analogous in nature. e to celai qai is used to waterproof f0atCBB. tissas and ana1oga.es, as in the manufacture of prepared coating paper.

   Asphalt can be natural asphalt, by oa containing mineral matter and softened
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 If desired, by means of thinning hail, it may be the distillation product of the oxidation of asphalt oil in known manner. when these asphalts are brought into contact at moderate temperatures, they coagulate or adhere to form a cohesive and homogeneous mass, and this is an essential characteristic of asphalts used in the manufacture of materials for use.
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 particulars described oj.-deqoou, Àka instead of asphalt as dice.

   Critically, tars and pitch of vegetable, animal or mineral origin, resins or softened resinous materials can also be used, if desired, with fla.idifying balls so as to bring them to the consistency
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 suitable for the intended bat, and such saiastanes are considered to fall under the designation "bitame", or

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 of "base da type bitame-poîs9 employed in the revisions of this patent, however, o. i.

   It has already been proposed to produce different 1srmablaB compositions containing soft fibers formed of blocks @Il of fellillee these materials could not be used in combination with the usual machines for the% ion form of tissl1sl1 oomma by axis Epie in the manufacture of felt or paper, for the reason that the mixture containing the asphalt was of such an adhesive natare that it eased the scrub of the corn and the white% is Obviously, if the pitch is so solid at ordinary temperatures that it can be crushed or finely divided 9 eamma the SlloonIteo it can be mixed with fibers in the same way as pieces of coal,

   but in this case the pitch particles are not adhesive at the sax temperatures the low is maintained when the tissue has been converted into papers by accidentally evaporating from water where the application of pressure to the tissue would not cause the tissue to degrade. pitch particles in the fabric nor the waterproofing of the fibers
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 Whatever the asphalta of which it is questioned here is designated
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 oomms being solid @It appears solicited at temperatures stmoeph'rl-, qaes, materials of this nature are eonnaas soiantifiqae- or plcas correctly as liquids of excessively large viscosity, so that toat can be processed. in masses, they ooze slowly at ordinary temperatures and need to be in a container to contain them,

   Materials of this kind taste easily liquefied by heat and exhibit a decreasing degree of visoosity with slight increase in temperature. These solid or semi-solid asphalts, requiring the application of heat in opp68ition to 1iqnidesn asphalts, are the suitable materials for the preparation of non-a4h1v @ 0 lesions Liquid asphalts, a, ê6.4.

   oeax capable of digesting emasionn4B without the application of ohaletr with conversion in a.nsrorme relatively non-adherent $ oont
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 nevertheless easily infll16 # by the, gygg8q employed

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 during the felting operation and may become sticky under certain conditions in the paper machine.
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 Natare and COUOIStaUo6haPPrOprised asphalt constitute an important factor in the production of the non-stick emulsion.

   In view of this process, as mentioned above, it is necessary to convert this adhesive asphalt into a finely divided non-adhesive form, in which it can be mixed with fibers and water with production of a non-adhesive mixture. -adhesive and non-sticky which can be school shaped cloth in much the same way as ordinary fiber or paper materials.



   In the preparation of paper it is, as we know, necessary to have a sufficient quantity of water in order for the materials to graze to spread into an tissue, and therefore it is necessary in every emulsion employed in this bat
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 that water constitutes the outer continuous phase, "so that water can be added to it to form a moist dilate mass, which can still be extracted or squeezed after the weave is formed.

   Based on the information available heretofore, it has always been considered impossible to produce an aqueous asphalt foam which is non-sticky in
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 the circumstances which occur during the aging of the material and the pressures employed in the formation of the tissue by the paper machine, and it has also been im-
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 It is possible to prepare such an emulsion containing the large amount of asphalt relative to the mass of paper which is necessary to produce a completely imperm abilized shell of cracked fibers. It can be assumed that emal- sions of soap and resinous materials have been used previously for the sizing of paper to waterproof
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 this one,

   but these emcilolons have been employed under conditions in which the soluble soap allied as the 4mGlBionnant agent is subjected to an ohimiqao reaction before the formation of the tissue, in order to break up the tdmalaion and precipitate

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 ,,,,., soaps oa insoluble resinates and more oa less non-adherent its.! * fibers. The present process does not contemplate the use of chemical reagents s qai dcgtrment l8 émta.sion on quai change its character menc'aâMaif in any phase of the operation before the complete separation of the oaa; the transformation of the non-stick character into the adhesive character of the asphalt has been accomplished nniqamAnt by the removal of the lteaa. by the application of near # i @ n and / oa of heat.



  011r produce the enamel to which reference has been made to the present invention, it is employed in accordance with the present invention
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 clay containing a high proportion of oolloi-
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 as a toning enamel agent, but of course other powders where finely divided OlO1101dalEU substances which produce an emulsion of a non-sticky nature, may also be added.



  Other finely divided powders which may be produced according to the present invention include Fuller's earth, mineral pigmenta, slate poase, ocher, sienna, oxides and metal hydroxides and silicates, produced by xrt; a viscous and plastic mixture with the EAA.



  The mixture can be produced in batches or in continuous operation. For preparation in fa tU'né8s. we first realize ane 8I1.r1hmF anspension aqa @ thick layer of clay qai is chaaffed at years tj; mpE ratl1r around the point of flexion of, .9a8p7.aJ. ' 8,% AYto The asphalt is heated jos- qalh this ga'il be completely lîqaïde, the temperature will
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 laughing with the viscosity of 1 asphalt and its fasion point.
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  Preferably a temperature of 300 to 40EF'a is employed for the hard varieties of asphalt, while for the softer varieties ana low temperature produces the desired degree of fluidity. The aqaease suspension referred to cl above is produced in a container for
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 goes for means to quickly shake its contents. The oonsis-

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 tance is such that it is too fluid to keep its form,
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 but sufficiently v4zqaecwe to move slowly through a suitably proportioned opening.

   It is important to regulate the consistency of the dough between more or less defined limits, the degree of dispersion obtained. during the opera-
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 The viscosity dependence largely on the viscosity of the internal friction resulting from the agitation of the asphalt in the viscous suspension of clay.
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  The asphalt melted, is gradually added to the viscous slurry while the mass in the container is brought to rapid stirring. This is important in order to avoid phase inversion and the formation of an adherent emulsion.
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 sive. As the asphalt is continuously introduced and emulsified, the mass thickens and it becomes necessary to add water to maintain the desired viscosity of the oontena. da container. The addition of asphalt is continued, alternating with the addition of water in proportions
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 such that the desired consistency is mamtenào. ai the container is large enough, the eaa. and the asphalt pea.venêtre added simultaneously in the desired proportions.

   It is advantageous in some cases to introduce the asphalt to donkey
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 lonw4rataPo above the water boiling point, go. qae the expansive force of the vapor produced aa contact of the asphalt with the sasponsion aqaecwe produced by shrinking some surface extension of the tacky material during its incorporation.

   The mechanism of the scattering operation is roughly the following! : when the asphalt meets the thick aqueous suspension, it immediately becomes friends with the agitator arms to mix. These arms produce rapid extension and subdivision of the pitch stream in
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 very fine threads through the mass of clay aaspanaion.



  The viscosity of the thick saspension assists in the formation of these threads and 3, ear degree of fine attenuation. Zg M $ me time, the formation of balls by the steam prodtt1té, as4bte

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 in the formation of thin threads of the material aaphaltiqa6. As these threads are rapidly formed and rapidly attenuated a point is reached, depending on the temperature of the mass, its viscosity and the speed of agitation, that these threads have become so fine and their surface area so large that they break up. and are bd1vi81I1J into filaments which in turn are subjected to a subdivision jllSql1u that their length is such that their tenaîca aJilperfici4911e causes these minute filaments to assume a globular or spherical form.

   The dispersion is proclaimed not only under the conditions and by the mechanism described in! ci ", d8StaW! 19 but also by the pres8JWe da colloid qai in fact increases the tension undermine the pitch the more we less melted to disperse we reduce glue
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 in dispersive environment
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 Upon completion of this operation, the asphaltic material becomes dispersed in the aqueous ion tSC! Sp9ns ion in particles.
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 very minimal shims.

   Under the microscope, these particles pre-
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 feel a forma fSphl6riql1 or s3iptiqa depending on the ta> peratar and the conditions of dispersion. cesart1on1es sei
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 will be as thin as the dispersion has been more perfect.
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 you. their dimeu1sioM vary from particales which are probable-. ment of d1! D1! 1.IISio: # oolloiàeles jllSql1 v has parts 1011188 which can be observed individually with the naked eye, The average particle size is d # approximately 0.01 mm. Part of
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 smaller particles with distinct movement
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 Brownian.

   It should be noted that when the pitch is in the lîqulde state when it is introduced, it should be noted that the shape of the particles where the phase relationship does not change and not by cooling and hardening or solidification is less great. the pitch returning to normal temperature. The 6mD.ls ion thus formed exhibits the particular characteristic. not to be influenced as to its point of raptar by electrolytes, but to precipitate a positively charged colloid, such as the oxidation salt f'arriqllee Lim! It itself is made.

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   blase electro-negative.

   It is to be observed that in the system thus i produced the asphalta constitutes the internal dispersed phase oa, while the external phase one continues comprises the water with the colloidal clay saspendae. This constitution of phases with water as the external phase allows the expansion or the addition of aea to the emulsion in a large proportion, so that in application to the fibrous mass, the necessary quantities of water can be added. to accomplish the desired operation of formation da tissa.



   It is important to note that a desirable characteristic in the preparation of this emulsion is the degree of dispersion of the asphalt particles in the continuous phase. The fineness of dispersion is controlled to a considerable extent by the viscosity of the mass, which if it is to be kept thin, must be relatively thick or pasty during stirring, and by its temperature, by axis, if the clay slurry is too dilate and if the necessary internal viscosity is lacking, the filaments formed during the initial phases of the dispersion are relative. coarse and the material thus divided can remain in a more or less coarse state varying between relatively coarse filaments and finer particles.

   Likewise, if the temperature of the asphalt or slurry is too low, coarse particles are also formed. On the other hand, if the temperature of the pitch oa of the partially formed emulsion is too high, there is danger of partial or local coagulation, which is probably at the complete separation of the eaa. by the surrounding heat of some of the asphalt particles at the point of confluence with the hot liquid asphalt introduced.

   In addition, care must be taken to have sufficient water present in all
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 ± 1µ% emp, otherwise the asphalt has agglomerated by producing the complete inversion of the phases, the water and the clay becoming the internal phase with the asphalt as militia. contint) .. We

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 peat consider that the dispersion & ags'6 obtained oae, in. the present invention, a ruz5. important to maintain the non-stick character of the material at the highest degree and the surface itaas resistant.

   the process of the dispersion rd- snlte, is one in the formation of membranes strongly abeon- dtesa and clay collars ex around the individual partial c'Pasha1teo 2 the more the degree of dispersion obtained is fine, and more energy If the resistance is large, this protective membrane will be more strongly held against the particles so that in subsequent paper forming operations this protective layer is not easily broken. and is only ready when the eaa. most of it by drying the leaf.

   This membrane will be destroyed so easily as the jarticles are larger, in which case these large plane parts are more easily affected by the pressures employed in the paper maohine, and the tendency of 1 ? esphal% e will become adhesive by the easy separation of the prey parliament and if it will be all the greater.

   It has been found in the present invention to employ asphalt of a melting point of about 14 '. a desirable temperature pOW 'the clay slurry is about 130 * Fo and a satisfactory temperature for the asphalt is about $ 5 to 35 ° F .. the temperature of the mass being maintained:

  during the heating of the hot asphalt by the introduction of nOl1vellss quantities ofeaa, the temperature suitable for i!) o1Jl'jl) GJI! Ser the temperature of the asphalt
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 Introduced.
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 loreqatil is desired to maintain the temperature of the 81l-dssSllS mass of 81S * Fo $ in order to râma.ls1onner more advantageously very viscous materials, such as oxidized asphalts with finishing point 1d9 1 # emolsionaer is hePm4tically formed and the entire operation is exfoliated
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 pressures beyond that of the atmosphere. In this case,
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 it is possible to keep the temperature above this point

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 to obtain water without allowing the evaporation of part of the water.



   The non-stick character of the emulsion and its suitable degree of dispersion can be roughly examined by manual handling. By rubbing a quantity of material between the fingers, it should be felt soft, plastic, slippery and free from coarse particles, and it should show no tendency to agglomerate the asphalt particles therebetween, when they are pressed or rubbed between the fingers.

   In fact, the resulting emission will look like this. touch the thick suspension of clay used for its preparation. It must be easy to wash from the fingers with water and it must be dilutable in all proportions with new amounts of water. If it is desired to keep the asphalt particles in suspension to the best extent, a non-stick protective colloid can be added after emulsification.



   In order for the emtileionsolt to be able to the greatest extent to be retained in large quantity by the fibrous mass, it is desirable that the ratio of asphalt to clay be large. The amount of asphalt, which can be emulsified in this way, depends greatly on the clay, apparently varying with the amount of colloidal substances in the clay: thus, clays containing the greatest proportion of colloidal substances are capable of to retain large amounts of asphalt pines.

   Using the correct grade of clay, an emulsion could be made containing ten parts asphalt by weight to one part clay, but usually a ratio of four to five parts asphalt. for a part of clay will be the most favorable, qaoiqae a smaller ratio can be used when the amount of asphalt contained in the paper is finally produced; is small and that we do not consider its complete saturation,

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 A typical analysis of the product, made by the described operation, will show about 50% by weight of asphalt, 10% by weight of clay and 40% by weight of aan.



  It was d4ari $ cl-dessas a pra6dd of making this 4màlBion by foarneae, but we trol1vë. loreqae of large quantities are raqulses, that it is more desirable to fertilize the tabrîcatlon in aontinae operation, To this end one
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 uses donkey or enameledp poarva de po-
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 Hel1co'1dal @! S mounted on a shaft turn quickly. In the initial phase of production of the emulsion, the apparatus is loaded with the Bupension aquease or with the finished product such as dt &ori1; oi-dessas for the operation by rounds. The agitator arms are arranged so as to produce a rapid information of the liquids introduced at the top of the container.
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 pient in the mass.
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  After the initial charge of the emulsion has been prepared at the desired location, asphalt in the thickened state is introduced into the mass of préreno4 while circulating downwards, 5 slowly, a suspension is introduced therein. aiql1e0.8 dionée of the emnls10nnant agent in proportions regulated and determined in Ivavanoe, corresponding to the desired proportions in the composition of the leaked malaion.
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 nal. For example, if an ornament of the composition described
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 o1-dessl2S is at 4sin ± the iilspension aqasase is prepared
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 in the ratio of one part by weight of clay and four per-
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 by weight of water.

   This sospapsion is introduced continuously and in qaantits of finished in lvémaloîo = ear, and at the same time asphalt is introduced therein in regular quantities in the same way, by adjusting the volume of the streams of asphalt and of ma.a3oant agent. .apendl1 and by removing oontinaellmsnt from the system produces it finished, a complete composition of the described character will be obtained.



  In this continae production of emalsion, it is Inor-
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 both to maintain substantially similar conditions

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 of viscosity in the circulating mass of the finished mixture and of surplus which is constantly present in the system. the retention of this amount of excess emnJ.son in the system acts as a siren against minimal variations in visess. etde toupdratare duos at the momentary introduction of an excess of asphalt or of a clay suspension.

   It will be obvious that in view of these minimal variations and the need to maintain conditions nearly constant in proportion,
 EMI16.2
 temperature and life, it is advantageous to keep the amount of finished 4 mlBion in the system as large as compatible with the introduction of the ingredients and the withdrawal of the finished product from the mixture,
The product of this continuous operation is under all ratios the same as that produced in the furnace operation.
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 born described QI-dessage When it is removed from a blender, it is of a vüqaease consistency, but not so thick qatil.

   cannot easily get stuck with the decoal orifice. As soon as it is produced, this emulsion is preferably diluted with water in order to facilitate its transport by pumps to the tanks where it is kept or suspended. - sion for its mixture with the mass of paper.

   These tanks
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 8 #t pre-dredging of mechanical agitataclra serving to maintain ane saspe ns uniform ion of the asphalt in the aqueous medium,
In the manufacture of paper by this process, the material is prepared in the usual way by threshing, jordanage and sieving. Different masses can be used, such as sulphite, salfate, fibers of rags, mixed papers, mechanical wood, leather, to which one can add wood seiure if desired.

   In some cases, after the mass
 EMI16.5
 se was mÉonnén8nh Ü; k beaten, the emalsion can be pumped directly into the beaters and stirred with the 3neto mass. so that an aniform mixture is obtained: oa an emalsion can be added to the cylinder moalin (Dutch) and soami-

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 with an oonnable agitation to obtain an aniform mixture. However, it is preferable to mix the Almalain with the Mie fiber mass in the mixture placed between the Dutch and the sieves.

   The ratio of 116 -mI11sion to mass is easily controlled by soapapes in the line 11 wnenêe or by ordinary measuring apparatus. and its introduction, this point facilitates a quick and easy variation of the proportions. The mixture thus produced is preferable by hand if it is cold and passed through the sieves of the machine, or it is formed into a sheet, exuding as if the mass did not contain foam. A cold mixture, produced by cold refrigeration as desired, favorably influences the nonoadhesive qualities of B emals and promotes its compressive strength during sheet formation.

   The sheets oa tissa are formed in the I18l1e1 way by felting or interlacing on each oylinder oa sieve according to the type of machine, the fell111E! being eaceeooîvemett sowmise to the action of suction boxes and cou-
 EMI17.2
 ohaga and sent aa dryer after desired quantity
 EMI17.3
 of eaa is eliminated, during all the time and in all the phases e da passage of the mass on the wet end of the
 EMI17.4
 machine, the asphalt particles retain their membrane
 EMI17.5
 of water absorbed with protective colloids to such an extent that the foil or mass is consistently non-adhesive.



  Arriving at this time, the hamidit is gradually separated and the asphalt particles, soas the influence of heat and the-1-adparatlon of the absorbed membranes, - gradually coagal forming a more or less continuous phase throughout the fault when operating. with 1 / 1D.9 mnltl-oy11ndr1qtteo machine it is obviously possible to vary the quantity and character of the emulsified asphalt in each sheet: for example, the outer eyelets can be compooded with anco7.l mass. , the resin and exespte to # asphalt, oa well we can have a colorable pitch, while gas

 <Desc / Clms Page number 18>

 the inner sheets of the excavation may contain the quantity of black asphalt;

   Likewise, it is possible to use more asphalt of the same nature in the interior sheets, while a relatively dark and high melting point asphalt is incorporated in the exterior sheets. * It will be evident that great variations in The nature of the resulting product can be obtained under conditions suitable for the production of sheets which are particularly suitable for special uses for which impermeable heavy paperboard or paperboard is used.



   The product of this process is further characterized by the high strength of the sheet as compared to that obtained when the mass itself is converted into a corresponding unsaturated sheet. The strength is increased, so to speak, in direct relation to the proportion of asphalt intreduced.

   This has an additional advantage in the manufacture of coatings because a natural tar product containing less than full sataration can then be subjected to an asuel saturation process in a tank to absorb further amounts of asphalt and to absorb further quantities of asphalt. - to complete its saturation, A product of this nature peats owing to its great solidity to be driven by the machine with considerable rapidity and to the property of very easily absorbing this additional sataration.



   It has previously been impossible to partially saturate an excavation with dry featre in the cellar, because this sataration proceeds to pattir on the outer surfaces of the feaille, and if the leaf is not allowed to absorb as much as possible. complete saturation, we will find that although the outer surfaces are completely saturated, the interior of the peat paper remains entirely devoid of satarat liquid. An incompletely saturated product of the present process differs in this respect.

   The ooagalation of individual asphalt parts and the ability to cover the fibers

 <Desc / Clms Page number 19>

 
 EMI19.1
 individual forms a characteristic characterization of the condition of the mass thus produced on the adeh6aro. But if the amount of asphalt retained in the sheet is considerably less than that required for complete saturation, 1 asphalt% o is a rant. in the interior of the sheet as an overlap plus oa minus 00ntina of the f1eao Sala being true for the interior of the excavation, it has been trollv @ l that the surface can under certain conditions become more or less examined of particles of asphalt as resaltat tio their washing oa suction of the surface when the tissue is formed.

   In this case, although the interior of the crack will contain the asphalt in uniform distribution, the surface may appear curved, more or less. 1 "41" asphalt removal, as described above. In some process applications, this is a thief characteristic, as for example in the case of floor coverings which have to be painted with a decorative paint. It has been found that there are now difficulties in applying these paints to such a large area. - dirair, to empgehor luasphaltq of bones dissolve in paint and decooler. the product of this invention with a partially coated asphalt surface present
 EMI19.2
 an ideal surface for the application of decorative paint.
 EMI19.3
 



  It has been described in the drying operation as practical asaalement in combination with the oylàndriqaes oa machines. da. JOl1rdr1niero type in which a drying temperature is applied al1bdealls from the water ballition point
 EMI19.4
 and sufficient to cause the complete ooagalation of the par-
 EMI19.5
 ticale8 Individual asphalt in a continuous layer.

   It has been found, according to the present (@ invantione qaeil is however possible to carry out the operations of drying of such flask qae the asphalt particles, preferably loreqatelles
 EMI19.6
 are used in minimal proportions can retain their minimal shape and have the function of assembling and strengthening the fibers and of acting as a hydrophobic agent. for example,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 20>

 
 EMI20.1
 the product of the process was obtained because a homide machine can be dried in a drying chamber at a very low temperature;

   per year suitable choice of temperature are
 EMI20.2
 relative to the melting point of the asphalt employed, a dry sheet can be obtained, in which the parts have
 EMI20.3
 of asphalt retain subdivide usual form, serving aa bat described above.



   It should also be noted that the adhesive character of the asphalt returns during the drying operation and is achieved only by the removal of water and by heat.
 EMI20.4
 and without the use of ehimiqaes reagents. This result is accomplished by the physical facing means described.



  A favorable aaraatér3atiqaa of the invention resides in the fact that the addition of the asphalt emulsion to the mass of paper produces a certain swelling of the fibers: i.e. that the asphalt particles appear to tend to separate the fibers to some extent without affecting the felting operation.

   When the scab thus formed arrives at the dryer and the asphalt goose parts begin to co-salt and attach to the fibers in a thin layer, it is evident that the spacing produced in their initial position results in an enlargement of the empty spaces in the: sheet;

   as a result, in fact, that a greater quantity of paper is obtained by this swelling than a determined quantity of material. In some cases it has been found that this swelling produces a 60% increase in surface area. or the length of the paper produced, relative to the quantity produced
 EMI20.5
 te asaelle from dan equivalent weight of fibrous mass.



   In the preparation of saturated felt, such as poar tissas
 EMI20.6
 for covering, it was decided to use felts or felted papers made up largely of rag fibers. This was necessary for the reason that these
 EMI20.7
 so ras only seem to be satarablei by Immersion

 <Desc / Clms Page number 21>

 
 EMI21.1
 in the asphalt chaail seen the known way. The introduction of other paper materials, marl in a minimal amount, such as sulphate or sulphite, significantly retards the saturation and it has therefore been impossible here to saturate satisfactorily the slits containing these materials.

   The present process, however, obviates all of these limitations and it is also possible to employ materials which have not previously been employed in the old cellar safaris. These materials are relatively light and their use is very low compared to the preparation of the saturated features by the oonna jasqa? Oî process.



   As an example of the proportions employed in the practice of this invention, one takes 30 parts by weight of dry fibrous mass which may be of any variety of the above-mentioned materials and as a mixture, after threshing, and being contained in a palpa aqueous, in compound mixture
 EMI21.2
 of 58 parts of asphalt malsionn8 with 18 parts by weight of clay contained in an aqueous miliea. This proportion of the component prodaira of a leaf qai is practically complete.
 EMI21.3
 It is very easy to wilt with asphalt and it will not come off easily.

   A sheet of product thus obtained, and in fact everything produced obtained. by this process,
 EMI21.4
 will leave, after exbtaotion with the appropriate solvent of the asphalt, a sheet of paper not different from those prepared in the manner I1sl1s11e. While the proportions mentioned oi-dessae produce an approximately satl1re f6UiÀl. it is desirable in many cases and for many applications to produce a less completely saturated sheet, such as for example for parquet flooring, for backing paper.
 EMI21.5
 balling, shoe parts and the like.

   An example of a formula for partially saturated mass can be given as
 EMI21.6
 knows: To 5 of paper mass, dry weight, is added an emulsion composed of 35 parts by weight of asphalt with 15
 EMI21.7
 parts by weight of eollodl clay contained in its agent

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 
 EMI22.1
 aqueous vdhdcalant.

   This will produce a suitable mass for vapor-tight paper, and with an appropriate choice of constituents of the paper mass, a suitable composition for the manufacture of shoe parts,%, such as buttresses and the like. , coma a new
 EMI22.2
 oaraotér1stiqe da process, that the amount of asphalt and non-fibrous material, which can be absorbed by felts without dwarf during the felting operation, can be more than two
 EMI22.3
 times the weight of the fibers used.

   This constitutes a radical difference from the papermaking processes known heretofore.
This emulsion has been found to have a tendency during tissue formation to clog the sheet and result in binding. at
 EMI22.4
 some difficulties xorsqaton wants to produce a thick dig in times. In this case, it has been found, in accordance with the present invention, that the introduction of a small amount of sawn timber produces the freedom necessary to allow
 EMI22.5
 be obtaining a relatively thick crack with separation of the water.



  RllVUDI CAm IONS
1. A process for the preparation of an emulsion, in which bitumen in a liquid state is added to a mixture of clay and water while this mixture is stirred and the temperature is maintained at such. point that the bitame is dispersed without coagulating to any appreciable extent.
 EMI22.6
 



  2. Process for the preparation of emainion, in which ana base of bitumen type or pitch is dispersed in the aqueous state in an aqueous medium while stirring it in the presence of an inorganic dispersing agent in suspension aqaaasa. , and by adjusting the fineness of dispersion by controlling the viscosity of the mass during stirring and by maintaining its temperature at such a point that the bitame base or pitch will be dispersed without coagulating to an appreciable extent.
 EMI22.7
 5.

   A process for preparing an emulsion, in which

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 
 EMI23.1
 ans base da type b 1'tWills or peas: is d13pa m <âs h the state itself qo.ia in pr'S611.Wm à9 m mixes dispersant silver and water while stirring this mixture ot melntgmnt its tempetatars to an point such that the base sepa dloparodo without its coagaler in me- ara appréeiabl 0 @Gtte tç> Qt! 1l'e being less than that h laql1ene the base at int & "odl11tGc> 4. Broeéâé éle: pç> jparat1 @ Xl dgam m ! Üs1 @ ng in which donkey''base da type bltllmt> one pitch is dispem \ 4e ill'ftat ligai- de in pres6nos dfliln 1a: Rjlg @ silver dîsporsant and eaa. Stirring this mixture ost mm tSnlmt sua temperature at n point such! ql18 la bas @ soea available <u'l! J 6 @ma go Dosgaler in tuae me- so, re appr'o1ablao the base and agent pç> oporticM defer- sent being "i1 ... del se oînq b. a5.oo g & p pO3i ho