AP6A

AP6A - Prefabricated drain pipe with longitudinal joints.

Info

Publication number: AP6A
Application number: APAP/P/1986/000030A
Authority: AP
Inventors: Oliveira Carlos Joaquim Costa Martins De
Original assignee: Oliveira Carlos Joaquim Costa Martins De
Priority date: 1985-03-27
Filing date: 1986-03-26
Publication date: 1987-12-07
Also published as: IT8667251A0; PT80171B; AU593545B2; ZA862100B; ES293204U; IT8653201V0; FR2579715A1; MA20650A1; IT1189638B; PT80171A; FR2579715B1; BR8601370A; GB2174472A; AU5508986A; OA08287A; AP8600030A0; DE3609965A1; CA1262410A; IT8667251A1; GB2174472B

Abstract

Pre-fabricated drain-pipe with longitudinal joints whereby it consists essentially of side walls, bottom slab and top slab which according to their sizes enable the equivalent diameter of the drain-pipe to be increased or reduced and the drain-pipe to acquire any desired shape, from a triangular to a near circular one, in agreement with the hydraulic requirements and with the efforts to which the drain-pipe will be subject.

Description

PREFABRICATED DRAIN-PIPE WITH LONGITUDINAL JOINTS

DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY

The present invention refers to a type of prefabricated drainpipe with longitudinal joints to be used as follows:

- Drain-pipe for domestic or industrial waterflow, or rainfall drainage;

- Surface or underwater drainage system;

- Technical culvert for installation of town substructures concerning water, electricity, telephonic, TV cables, computers networks and admittance to sewerage networks, or for pipelines installations;

- Culvert for crossing under roads or railways;

- Channels for, drainage on free surface;

- Admittance or linking culverts to buildings basements, underground transport system or underground army lodgings.

This drain-pipe has different dimensions and consists of two or more cylinder ring segments that make the walls (1) and (2). These walls can have a perfected shape and are set on bottom slabs with variable width in order to allow the extension of the structure effective section. The mentioned segBADOR1G1NAL

-2ments are longitudinally linked by joints (3), (6) and (9) which can be permeable or water-tight according to the use that it is to be accomplished.

The mentioned drain-pipe segments can be manufactured using the most diversified materials such as concrete, reinforced concrete, asbestos-cement, PVC, polyester, metals or others.

PRECEDINGS

Up to now, the drain-pipes have been built in cylindrical, circular or ovoid elements being practically out of use any other type of section unless it is built in situ.

The diameters currently existing in the market are of standardized measures. Therefore, whenever the diameters grow larger the pipes become heavier 'and more difficult to manufacture, store, transport and assemble.

In a general way, all the drainage pipes known have petticoat joints to provide the elements alignment which are fasten together with mortar or rubber rings. This type of thwarted linking under the same directrix requires the petticoats to be very resistent towards transverse high stresses, what means deeper and wider soil removings.

The non-accessibility of the great majority of drain-pipes leads to the necessity of installing admittance chambers at

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-3On the other hand, the roads and railways often show culverts with sections that become inadequate, particularly if there is a change on the soil of the hydrographic basic up the river, or if new town-plannings take place. These culverts do not also allow, in most cases, the installation of other substructures such as domestic sewers, water conduits, electricity cables, telephone, cables or ethers.

Nene of the prior art inventions relating to drain-pipes with longitudinal joints has born in mind the possibility of easily manufacturing structures with changeable shapes which, once assembled, would form diversified hydraulic pipe-sections. This would bring about drain-pipes with optimized shapes, adapted to the strains which they have to undergo at the stages of manufacture, transportation and assembling, as well as to the strains endured during the useful life of these structures which are buried in the ground.

In some cases the longitudinal joints have been conceived in such a way that the only building materials which could be envisaged were costly metal structures, as is the case of welded joints (French Patent 1944). lock bar pipes (Kronauer 1904) or special locking means (Williams. 1894).

The way prior art drain-pipes made of concrete and having longitudinal joints have been devised (St. George 1890) does not ensure the steadiness thereof due to the inadequate embedding of the pipe-sections and. worse still, to their incapability’ of -be'fng subject to the internal pressures which frequently occur. Consequently, the above mentioned invention cannot be systematically used in basic sewerage networks.

On the other hand, nobody had thought until now about optimizing the shape of drain-pipes in order to meet the requirements set by the strains they are subject to. nor to minimize the effect of these strains. The present research for the formal optimization of drain-pipes, which preceded the application for the present patent invention, was the outcome of a systematic

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-4study of the strains exerted on a structure buried in the ground. It has been found that the main efforts, i.e. vertical (resulting from the weight of the soil and from other loads located on the surface), horizontal (resulting from the pressure exerted on the pipe's side walls by the adjoining soil) and radial (resulting from the liquid contained inside) produce distortions of the structure, running in opposite directions. This study enabled a new generation of drain-pipes to be conceived having an optimized shape, i.e. a configuration which by itself alone, at a particular working pressure, a particular depth of location and a particular type of ground will annul the transverse efforts resulting from the main efforts which the drain-pipe has to withstand (vertical, horizontal and radial).

Thus ideal shape of the pipe-sections forming the whole can be determined in each individual case.

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After the structure has been assembled its stability is ensured through the way the walls are embedded in the bottom and top slabs; this is a novel feature and one which due to the friction adjusting the embedding ensures the perfect stability of the piping system.

The embedding of the walls in the bottom and lock slabs will also be determined in each particular case so as to ensure that the piping system's shape be maintained.

This new concept for drain-pipes corresponds therefore to an optimization of the structure resulting in an improvement of their quality at a low cost.

As mentioned above, this concern in formally optimizing the hydraulic section of each drain-pipe portion and the joining thereof results in optimized drain-pipes with longitudinal

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-5joints, that is to say, in each particular case the ideal shape will be irr-eiiately defined, bearing in mind the average depth, the average ground, its hydraulic capacity and the pressure to which the pipe is subject while in use.

rurtharrore, the shape of each drain-pipe portion will be optimized in view cf its manufacture, transportation and assembling so that, once again, and optimization is achieved.

Finally, the joints will be planned in detail according to the efforts which are expected, so as to ensure the steadiness of the drain-pipes by means of a simple embedding and to prevent the collapsing thereof.

In accordance with the aim of the invention this new concept enabled several embodiments to be devised which, as is shewn in the drawings, are in themselves totally new inventions.

With this r.ew type of drain-pipes it becomes possible to avoid or minimize, the above mentioned objections concerning the usual drain-pipes, particularly when large diameters are to be considered.

PURPOSES

The purpose of this inventioft comprises the conception of a structure, which after having been assembled, makes a drain-pipe with the following characteristics:

- Prefabricated;

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- Easy manufacturing;

Composed of stacking walls and slabs in order to make it easier for the storage and transport;

Quick assembling without interlocking strain;

Variable sections according to the hydraulic necessities or the purpose they are requested to.

- Effective dimension so as to allow admittance to make it easier for inspection and maintenance;

As big capacity as it is needed, being only necessary to extend the width of the bottom slabs or to heighten the

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-6walls. The same walls can make different sections adjustable to the hydraulic conditions;

- Low manufacturing cost, for the structure will be manu factured as curve slab and not as a pipe. This way the manufacturing machinery is a great deal lighter and simpler;

- Water-tight joints or perfectly permeable joints all along the drain-pipe, as intended, without exposing the materials to assembling strains or permanent compression after assembling;

DESCRIPTION

The characteristics of the new conception of this drain-pipe will become clear in the course of the following description which, for better understanding, is based on the attached sheets and drawings, as such:

Fig. 1 and 2 represent the drain-pipes sections with two different types of longitudinal joints;

Fig. 3 and 5<represent the drain-pipe sections mounted on bottom and lock slabs with variable width and shape;

Fig. 4 represents the drain-pipe section as technical culvert

Fig. 6 represents a perspective of the drain-pipe stacking segmen t s;

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-Ί Fig. 10 represents a perspective view of a transverse joint;

Fig. 11 represents a perspective view of a drain-pipe with an admittance chamber;

Fig. 12 represents another drain-pipe model with wider section.

The segments (1) and (2) can. also, be rigidly fitted with the use of bolts (4) (as seen in fig. 1), mortar, glue or welding.

If autoblocked joints are used all the structure will become more flexible by fitting an elastomer or plastometer between ♦ joints as tighten material.

The materials used in the manufacturing of the segments (1) and (2) can be of the most variable types such as concrete, reinforced concrete, asbestos cement, PVC, polyester, metals or others, nevertheless being preferable the materials that permit the cost of each segment to be as low as possible.

The areas of the segments that are exposed to strains can be conveniently reinforced in order to optimize the structure and they can also be of variable thickness.

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The ends (6) can also be conveniently reinforced and be of variable shape according to the joint, fitting or use.

The mentioned segments can also be of a special shape where it will be possible to embody different fittings such as admittance holes, benches, shelves, steps, floods discharge, admittance

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-8doors to paralel conduits, linkings to inflow drain-pipes, forks of any type, t's, etc.

The transverse joints (5) (fig.10), can be of petticoat type or tongue and groove joints of half section being tighten up with silicone or epoxide rubber.

As it can be seen in the drawings, the invention also in eludes the bottom slabs (7) and lock slabs (8) that give way to the extension of the section. The width of these slabs will be fixed in accordance with the hydraulic necessities or uses and can also be moulded or prefabricated in situ. The bottom slab (7) can be of special shape, as seen in drawings (4), (5) or (7), and the mounted or built at once according to the slope of the project.

As it can be seen in drawing (12), this type of drain-pipe can have a substancially extended transverse section. To achieve this purpose the mentioned drain-pipe consists basically of three segments (11), (12) and (13) which can be similar to the elements (1) and (2) previously described. In order to perform this type of assembling it will be used a bottom slab (14) and joints (15) and (16) or a sole element which ends fit in the base elements (11) and (12).

If larger sections are needed, as it becomes obvious, more segments or segments with larger dimension can be used.

Claims

1. Pre-f -5 b r i cated drain-pipe with longitudinal joints, whereby it consists essentially of side walls, bottom slab and top slab which, according to their sizes, enable the equivalent diameter of the drain-pipe to be increased or reduced and the drain-pipe to acquire any desired shape, from a triangular to a near circular one, in agreement with the hydraulic requirements and with the efforts to which the drain-pipe will be subject.

2. Drain-pipe according to the previous claim whereby *the shape of the side walls, and the final shape of the drain-pipe's cross-section may be optimized, that is to say, whereby it is possible to annul or minimize the bending moments resulting from the vertical efforts due to the weight of the soil and to other loads located on the surface from the horizontal efforts due to the impulse of the adjoining earth on the side walls and from the radial efforts due to the pressure of the liquid it contains, and displaying one of the shapes defined in claim 1 according to the hydraulic requirements and to the requirements of the project.

3. Drain-pipe according to the previous claims, whereby the longitudinal joints are formed either by the tightening of some parts adapted to this effect (Fig. 1) or. preferably, by embedding the edges of the side walls in the bottom and top slabs, an embedding which is achieved by friction adjusting on the surfaces of the side wall edges and the slab grooves in which they are to be fitted, but in such a way that it will not have to withstand the compression of the suitable flexible insulating material.

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-104 - Prefabricated drain-pipe wherein the walls and slabs can have special shapes in order to form admittance chambers the drain-pipe, benches, shelves, steps, admittance doors to adjoining paraiel conduits, pipelines and any ether specific shape that prove to be necessary to the correct adjustment of the projected outlines such as curves, t's or forks.

5. - Prefabricated -drain-pipe wherein the transverse joints can be alternatively placed along each side of the drainpipe in order to provide a total linearity, to spread the srains all over the structure and to increase the resister.ee as a whole, without taking away its flexibility for little adjusts.ments to the bed ground.

6. - Prefabricated drain-pipe as claimed in preceding claims installed under earthworks roads or railways providing that layings are not to take place on the earthworks; and Metallic sheild which is installed to allow both frontal earthmoving and inside filling of the segments that make the structure so as it is possible to instal culverts of any type without cutting the pavements or causing inconveniency to traffic.