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This article arose from the fortuitous discovery in the National Archives of a surprising document: the unimplemented project of an attraction, intended for the World Fair of Paris in 1900 and entitled " The haunted house. The work of the... more
This article arose from the fortuitous discovery in the National Archives of a surprising document: the unimplemented project of an attraction, intended for the World Fair of Paris in 1900 and entitled " The haunted house. The work of the century ". In this manor of carnival imagined by the playwright and the show promoter Maurice Magnier, the public was invited to reconsider the passage of the XIXth to the XXth century, by means of more or less spectacular evocations of the French past. In this scenography, the XIXth century was defined itself as haunted. Two approaches, two types of analyses have been confronted with this singular project: the first one tried to reconstitute its archaeology in the long term going back, in particular, to the XVIth and XVIIth centuries. Taking the "haunting" in its literal sense, it was a question of clarifying the latent contents. The second, anchored in the history of the sensibilities, tried to reconstitute the sensations commanded by the attraction and to understand how the architecture intended to produce the uncanny at a time of ambivalent and worried social relations to the domestic space in this “fin de siècle”.
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L'objet de cet article est de démontrer que l'interrogation portant sur les croyances au fantôme accompagne la naissance de l'anthropologie, et cela avant même l'institution de la discipline, dès le XVIe siècle. Mais au delà de la topique... more
L'objet de cet article est de démontrer que l'interrogation portant sur les croyances au fantôme accompagne la naissance de l'anthropologie, et cela avant même l'institution de la discipline, dès le XVIe siècle. Mais au delà de la topique spectrale, c'est de la « fonction spectre » et de ses effets sur le discours anthropologique que l'on voudrait tenter l'histoire. Le fantôme s'avère en effet très vite un opérateur anthropologique performant. Il sert tous les partages : du païen et du chrétien, du protestant et du catholique, du civilisé et du sauvage, du lettré et du vulgaire, du sociologue ou de l'anthropologue et du « folkloriste ». La rencontre du fantôme et de l'anthropologue apparaît ainsi non seulement comme une scène primitive au sens où elle signale une origine possible de la discipline anthropologique, mais aussi parce qu'elle va servir, au temps de son institution disciplinaire au XIXe siècle, à définir une forme « primitive » de religion. Elle est enfin scène primitive au sens que la psychanalyse a donné à l'image tabou : un lieu longtemps difficile à regarder pour le socio-anthropologue des sociétés occidentales dites « modernes ». Mots clés : Fantôme, proto-anthropologie, discernement des esprits, Primitive Culture, folklore. Abstract This article ventures to demonstrate that the beliefs in ghosts and the debates around their existence went along with the birth of anthropology, before the latter came to be recognised as a discipline in the 16th cent. More specifically, more remains to be done on the "spectral functionalities", and namely the spectre's influence on the anthropological discourses. Ghost quickly turns out to be a very effective operator. It could be used as a demarcation line, between the Pagan and the Christian, the Protestant and the Catholic, the Civilised to the Barbarian, the literate and the vulgar, the sociologist, the anthropologist and the folklorist. The encounter between the ghost and the anthropologist could be seen as a primal scene in so far as it pointed out to the likely origin of the discipline of anthropology. But furthermore, in the 19th cent, when anthropology became an institutionalised discipline, it lends itself to be defined as a form "primitive" religion. In its psychoanalytical understanding, the primal scene also refers to an image of the taboo: a place which is hard to contemplate for the socio-anthropologist of the so called "modern" Western societies.
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According to Paolo Prodi, Church history entered a period of decay after Carlo Sigonio’s condamnation, a time marked by narrow localism and fierce censorship. Simon Ditchfield fought vigorously against this idea, trying to highlight the... more
According to Paolo Prodi, Church history entered
a period of decay after Carlo Sigonio’s condamnation, a time marked by narrow localism and fierce censorship. Simon Ditchfield fought vigorously against this idea, trying to highlight the huge work accomplished by italian scholars in order to har- monize the new Roman liturgic rites with local tra- ditions, thus « universalizing the local ». Within the framework of his demonstration, the Florentine cistercian abbot Ferdinando Ughelli (1596-1670) turns out as a key figure. According to Ditchfield, his Italia Sacra (1644-1662), a history of Italian bis- hops, allowed him to the gather all the little « lo- cal Baronius » in Italy. Following the intuition of the method used by the Florentine writer to realize what appears to be the first « Italian history » in early modern time : the mobilization of a network of correspondents spread all over the territory. His eight volumes of 1533 letters give evidence of the intensity of the collaboration between Rome and the Italian dioceses. My aim here, following the paths open by Morelli and Diecthfield, is to place the emphasis on another aspect of Ughelli’s work. I would like to reconsider the content, frequently misjudged by critics, of Ughelli’s story, which is not just worth by the method he used, I think. I would like to argue that the Italia Sacra stages, in the text itself, a fruitful dialogue between Rome and the provinces. The co-elaboration of an Italian church history appears to built an image of the go- vernment of the Church, far from being the bare affirmation of the pope’s centrality. This political approach aims to participate in the general reappraisal of Ughelli’s Italia Sacra within the frame of post-Tridentine culture.
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Comme les apparitions mariales de Gumppenberg, les apparitions spectrales doivent affronter au XVIe siècle la critique réformée et le scepticisme des savants. Sous l’effet de ces contraintes, qui viennent s’ajouter à la longue tradition... more
Comme les apparitions mariales de Gumppenberg, les apparitions spectrales doivent affronter au XVIe siècle la critique réformée et le scepticisme des savants. Sous l’effet de ces contraintes, qui viennent s’ajouter à la longue tradition chrétienne de la discretio spirituum, les apparitions se métamorphosent. Portées par le désir des vivants d’entrer en relation avec les morts, celles-ci ne cessent de « déborder » le cadre d’une orthodoxie attentive à réguler les allées et venues de l’esprit des trépassés. Nous étudierons deux formes de cet excès où s’inscrit la figure du spectre : l’être de laboratoire, élaboré par les traités de spectrologie de la Renaissance tardive, et l’objet de « psychomachie mystique », tel qu’on peut le voir opérer dans les visions d’un jésuite italien, Giulio Mancinelli.
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Cet article explore les liens de l'écrivain Pierre Michon avec les sources de l'histoire: documents, archives, reliques.
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« La politique jalouse des souverains Médicis fut cause d’un grand vide dans notre histoire » : l’indignation manifestée par Anton Filippo Adami en 1756 met en lumière l’un des éléments les plus intrigants du règne des grands-ducs... more
« La politique jalouse des souverains Médicis fut cause d’un grand vide dans notre histoire » :  l’indignation manifestée par Anton Filippo Adami en 1756 met en lumière l’un des éléments les plus intrigants du règne des grands-ducs Médicis au XVIIe siècle : la disparition de l’histoire. Où le temps de la commune florentine avait été caractérisé par une profusion de récits mettant en scène l’histoire de la patrie, le principat des grands-ducs, issus d’une branche cadette de celles des glorieux ancêtres – Côme l’Ancien et Laurent le Magnifique – semble vouloir faire des res facta un improférable tabou. Où trouver l’origine de ce « vide » ?  Doit-on l’attribuer au statut inédit des Médicis dans l’Europe des princes ? En effet, comment une famille de banquiers, nés sous la République, faits ducs à l’issue d’une guerre contre leur propre patrie aurait-elle pu se doter d’une histoire dynastique satisfaisante  ? La « raison d’État » a-t-elle, par une censure efficace, cherché à protéger et à construire, le secret de la famille au pouvoir ? Mais comment expliquer, alors, la frénésie de copie et de recherche d’archives concernant la période républicaine qui s’empare au même moment des patriciens florentins, sans que le pouvoir s’en inquiète ? Ces questions sont au cœur d’une enquête où la Florence baroque apparaît peu à peu comme « hantée » par les grands spectres républicains.
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Avery Gordon est professeure de sociologie à l’Université de Californie, Santa Barbara. Elle s’intéresse à la pensée et à la pratique « radicales ». C’est dans cette optique qu’elle a écrit sur la prison, la guerre et les formes de «... more
Avery Gordon est professeure de sociologie à l’Université de Californie, Santa Barbara. Elle s’intéresse à la pensée et à la pratique « radicales ». C’est dans cette optique qu’elle a écrit sur la prison, la guerre et les formes de « dépossession ». Ces thèmes constituent la substance de son principal ouvrage : Ghostly Matters : Haunting and the Sociological Imagination (« Matières spectrales : hantise et imagination sociologique », University of Minnesota Press, 1997). Représentante d’une sociologie vigoureusement engagée, Avery Gordon utilise la hantise dans le domaine de l’art et de la politique. En 2012, elle a réalisé en collaboration avec Ines Schaber à Berlin un travail pour la grande exposition d’art contemporain dOCUMENTA (13) : Notes for the Breitenau Room of The Workhouse — A Project (Ines Schaber, Avery Gordon).
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In Early Modern Europe the first readers of a book were not those who bought it. They were the scribes who copied the author's or translator's manuscript, the censors who licensed it, the publisher who decided to put this title in his... more
In Early Modern Europe the first readers of a book were not those who bought it. They were the scribes who copied the author's or translator's manuscript, the censors who licensed it, the publisher who decided to put this title in his catalogue, the copy editor who prepared the text for the press, divided it and added punctuation, the typesetters who composed the pages of the book, and the proof reader who corrected them. The author's hand cannot be separated from the printers' mind.
Roger Chartier's book recently released in English (and soon in Spanish and in French) could offer us the opportunity to discuss about the process of publication of the works that framed their readers' representations of the past or of the world. Linking cultural history, textual criticism and bibliographical studies, dealing with canonical works – like Cervantes' Don Quixote or Shakespeare's plays – as well as lesser known texts, Roger Chartier identifies the fundamental discontinuities that transformed the circulation of the written word between the invention of printing and the definition, three centuries later, of what we call 'literature'.
In so doing, Roger Chartier put forward a connected history of textual practices which throws new light on the textual techniques of the early modern period, and which destabilizes a very teleological definition of literature, book and even text. By examining a vast range of places and practices, which interest both book historians, literary historians, art historians, historians of science and knowledge, we might learn more about our own varied methodological techniques and practices.
In this explanatory workshop, we would like to invite participants to discuss and to explore the question of the materiality of text in their fields. This issue was long associated with the question of the relations between history and communication or history and literature. The textuality was perceived as something of a minor player, considered largely for its role in the dissemination and vernacularisation of a given body of texts and knowledge.

Location:
    Theatre, Badia Fiesolana
Affiliation:
    Department of History and Civilization
Type:
    Conference
Contact:
    Kathy Wolf Fabiani - Send a mail
Organiser:
    Prof. Stephane Van Damme - EUI - Department of History and Civilization
Speaker:
    Prof. Roger Chartier - Website - Collège de France
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