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For k not divisible by 7, k is a cube in 7-adic field if and only if k == 1, 6 (mod 137). If k is a cube in 7-adic field, then k has exactly three cubic roots.
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One of the three successive approximations up to 7^n for 7-adic integer 6^(1/3). Here This is the 3 (mod 7) case (except for n = 0).
For n > 0, a(n) is the unique number k in [1, 7^n] and congruent to 3 mod 7 such that k^3 - 6 is divisible by 7^n.
For k not divisible by 7, k is a cube in 7-adic field if and only if k == 1, 6 (mod 13). If k is a cube in 7-adic field, then k has exactly three cubic roots.
Wikipedia, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-adic_number">p-adic number</a>
The unique number k in [1, 7^2] and congruent to 3 modulo 7 such that k^3 - 6 is divisible by 7^2 is k = 24, so a(2) = 24.
The unique number k in [1, 7^3] and congruent to 3 modulo 7 such that k^3 - 6 is divisible by 7^3 is k = 122, so a(3) = 122.