OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Similar to A027709, which is minimal perimeter of polyomino of n cells, or equivalently, minimal perimeter of rectangle of area at least n and with integer sides. Present sequence is minimal semiperimeter of rectangle with area exactly n and with integer sides. - Winston C. Yang (winston(AT)cs.wisc.edu), Feb 03 2002
Semiperimeter b+d, d >= b, of squarest (smallest d-b) integral rectangle with area bd = n. That is, b = largest divisor of n <= sqrt(n), d = smallest divisor of n >= sqrt(n). a(n) = n+1 iff n is noncomposite (1 or prime). - Daniel Forgues, Nov 22 2009
From Juhani Heino, Feb 05 2019: (Start)
Basis for any thickness "frames" around the minimal area. Perimeter can be thought as the 0-thick frame, it is obviously 2a(n). Thickness 1 is achieved by laying unit tiles around the area, there are 2(a(n)+2) of them. Thickness 2 comes from the second such layer, now there are 4(a(n)+4) and so on. They all depend only on a(n), so they share this structure:
Every n > 1 is included. (For different thicknesses, every integer that can be derived from these with the respective formula. So, the perimeter has every even n > 2.)
For each square n > 1, a(n) = a(n-1).
a(1), a(2) and a(6) are the only unique values - the others appear multiple times.
(End)
Gives a discrete Uncertainty Principle. A complex function on an abelian group of order n and its Discrete Fourier Transform must have at least a(n) nonzero entries between them. This bound is achieved by the indicator function on a subgroup of size closest to sqrt(n). - Oscar Cunningham, Oct 10 2021
Also two times the median divisor of n, where the median of a multiset is either the middle part (for odd length), or the average of the two middle parts (for even length). The version for mean instead of median is A057020/A057021. Other doubled medians of multisets are: A360005 (prime indices), A360457 (distinct prime indices), A360458 (distinct prime factors), A360459 (prime factors), A360460 (prime multiplicities), A360555 (0-prepended differences). - Gus Wiseman, Mar 18 2023
LINKS
T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Roy Meshulam, An uncertainty inequality for finite abelian groups, arXiv:math/0312407 [math.CO], 2003.
Roy Meshulam, An uncertainty inequality for finite abelian groups, European Journal of Combinatorics, 27 (2006) 63-67.
FORMULA
a(n) = Min_{d|n} (n/d + d). - Ridouane Oudra, Mar 17 2024
EXAMPLE
Since 15 = 1*15 = 3*5 and the 3*5 rectangle gives smallest semiperimeter 8, we have a(15)=8.
MAPLE
MATHEMATICA
Table[d = Divisors[n]; len = Length[d]; If[OddQ[len], 2*Sqrt[n], d[[len/2]] + d[[1 + len/2]]], {n, 100}] (* T. D. Noe, Mar 06 2012 *)
Table[2*Median[Divisors[n]], {n, 100}] (* Gus Wiseman, Mar 18 2023 *)
PROG
(PARI) A063655(n) = { my(c=1); fordiv(n, d, if((d*d)>=n, if((d*d)==n, return(2*d), return(c+d))); c=d); (0); }; \\ Antti Karttunen, Oct 20 2017
(Python)
from sympy import divisors
def A063655(n):
d = divisors(n)
l = len(d)
return d[(l-1)//2] + d[l//2] # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 14 2019
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Floor van Lamoen, Jul 24 2001
EXTENSIONS
Corrected and extended by Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org) and Dean Hickerson, Jul 26 2001
STATUS
approved