abubakar S A D I Q ahmad

As the fifth largest tobacco market in the world, most of the tobacco raw material in Indonesia is utilized for cigarette production. People still unfamiliar with the notion of utilizing tobacco leaves for another purpose. This paper will try to propose a new way to derive benefit from tobacco leaves into biofuel. The method will be done through literature review. The study was focused on 3 things, mainly the potency of tobacco leaves in Indonesia, obtaining and handling raw material and potential market of biodiesel itself. This research resulted that currently, tobacco need to develop in Indonesia because Indonesia is a potential country in the development of biodiesel, especially biodiesel made from tobacco. We also concluded that biodiesel from tobacco has an advantage in terms of increased productivity of oil and biodiesel from tobacco mixed by ordinary diesel can produce lower combustion emissions and improve the performance of diesel engines. Also the market of biodiesel prod...

Pleural empyema is an emergency clinical condition characterised by presence of purulent organisms within the pleural fluid. It is associated with significant morbidity and consumption of scarce resources. It is a rare clinical condition but constitute a serious thoracic emergency despite advances in management. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of pleural empyema. We present an 11 month old infant with a month history of fever, cough, shortness of breath and weight loss. Clinical diagnosis of bronchopneumonia with pleural effusion was made. Chest radiograph revealed right opaque hemithorax with central mediastinum. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed extensive right pleural effusion with compression of viable lung tissue. Ultrasound guided thoracocentesis drained about one litre of pus. Intravenous antibiotics were also administered. Repeat chest radiograph a week after the drainage showed marked reduction in the size of the previously noted opaque right hemithorax with remarkable improvement of the clinical condition.

In this research work, three types of base oils: diesel, low toxicity mineral oil and synthetic oils were characterized using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The characterized base oils were used in drilling mud formulations. Behaviours of three different organoclays (organoclay wet A, organoclay Wet B, and organoclay Dry) in different base oils were studied. Effects of emulsifier concentrations (5 lb/bbl, 10 lb/bbl and 20lb/bbl) in muds of different brine concentration were determined, both before and after thermal aging. Effect of different oil-to-water ratio (65/35 and 90/10) on drilling mud rheology was studied before and after thermal aging. The application of a weighting agent (CaCl2) on drilling muds was also determined. GC-MS technique was shown to be a reliable and consistent technique for base oil characterization (both qualitatively and quantitatively). The result obtained using this technique was found to be of high significance using R2 values. Unknown b...

This paper is a doctrinal legal research that adopts descriptive and comparative tools of analysis to review the concept of right in two different systems of jurisprudence, Western and Islamic. The review reveals that methodological approach to law, and in particular to the concept of right, are quite different under the two systems. Indeed, concepts in the two systems cannot generally be compared for a particular concept existing in one system may not exist in the other or may have different connotation in that other. It is against this backdrop that this paper concludesthat the concept of right as an important issue in the Western jurisprudence has entirely different basis and connotation under the Islamic jurisprudence if at all it exists under the jurisprudence. It is akin to what is known as hukmshar’i under the Islamic jurisprudence. The paper, therefore, recommends for comparative research in Western and Islamic jurisprudence on fundamental legal issues like the concepts of right, ownership and legal personality to aim at understanding the concepts under the two systems rather than harmonizing them or even finding their common denominators. The differences are so drastic that embarking on harmonization or establishing distinctive common features may be an exercise in futility.