- Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute at Athens, Archaeology, Department MemberUniversity of Oslo, Department of Archaeology, Museum of Cultural History, Department Memberadd
- History, Archaeology, Medieval History, Prehistoric Archaeology, Material Culture Studies, Landscape Archaeology, and 30 moreByzantine Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Early Medieval Archaeology, Archaeological GIS, Ionia, Naxos, Tegea, Metropolis, Urban archaeology, Viking Age Archaeology, Asia Minor, Medieval Cities and Urbanism, Medieval Norway, Aegean Archaeology, Klazomenai, GIS and Landscape Archaeology, Digital Archaeology, Greek cities, urbanism and urbanisation, Greek archaeology, Domestic architecture, urbanism, Landscape Urbanism, Klazomenai and Teos Survey, archaic and classical architecture of Ionia and Aiolis, Ionian Migration, Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Byzantine ceramics, Aphrodisias, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Early Medieval Italy, Incastellamento, and Cisterns (Archaeology)edit
- I am an archaeologist with a broad range of research fields, from urbanisation and settlement in Western Anatolia in ... moreI am an archaeologist with a broad range of research fields, from urbanisation and settlement in Western Anatolia in the Early Iron Ages to Antiquity, to the Byzantine Period in the Aegean and Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. I specialise in GIS, landscape and urban topography, with a focus on long term change and adaption.edit
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A collection of articles on the theme of Byzantine Naxos and the Aegean from the fields of History, Archaeology, Architectural Heritage and Iconography.
26 articles, 432 pages.
26 articles, 432 pages.
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Reviewed by: N. Burkhardt, Historische Zeitschrift, 2019, Vol.309(1), pp.165-168 P. Maranzana, American Journal of Archaeology, 4/2019, Vol.123(2) https://www.ajaonline.org/book-review/3856 E. Zanini, Medioevo Greco 19, 2019, 453-455... more
Reviewed by:
N. Burkhardt, Historische Zeitschrift, 2019, Vol.309(1), pp.165-168
P. Maranzana, American Journal of Archaeology, 4/2019, Vol.123(2)
https://www.ajaonline.org/book-review/3856
E. Zanini, Medioevo Greco 19, 2019, 453-455
https://www.academia.edu/41221431/Reviev_of_Efthymios_Rizos_ed._New_Cities_in_Late_Antiquity._Documents_and_Archaeology_Turnhout_2017
M. Sartre, in Syria 96 (2019)
https://journals.openedition.org/syria/8971
N. Burkhardt, Historische Zeitschrift, 2019, Vol.309(1), pp.165-168
P. Maranzana, American Journal of Archaeology, 4/2019, Vol.123(2)
https://www.ajaonline.org/book-review/3856
E. Zanini, Medioevo Greco 19, 2019, 453-455
https://www.academia.edu/41221431/Reviev_of_Efthymios_Rizos_ed._New_Cities_in_Late_Antiquity._Documents_and_Archaeology_Turnhout_2017
M. Sartre, in Syria 96 (2019)
https://journals.openedition.org/syria/8971
This work represents an insight into the economy of the Norwegian High Middle Ages. It presents the process of urban development in Norway from AD 1000 - AD 1350 in order to highlight significant economic differences between Norway and... more
This work represents an insight into the economy of the Norwegian High Middle Ages. It presents the process of urban development in Norway from AD 1000 - AD 1350 in order to highlight significant economic differences between Norway and Europe and England. After the first towns were founded by the Norwegian Crown in the 11th century urban development stalled. No more towns were founded from AD 1200 until the mid 17th century and large tracts of the Norwegian landscape were to remain without a town or a market until almost a century after the reformation. In this respect Norway is unique by not conforming to the patterns that represent urban development elsewhere in Europe.The path that took Norway from being a patchwork of pagan Viking chiefdoms to a unified Medieval Christian kingdom was relatively short. The result was a monopolisation of the economy by the crown and church to the detriment of weaker regional urban development, and a system that collapsed under the demographic crisis that followed in the wake of the Black Death.
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From the Archaic period (700-500 BC) a band of urbanisation developed along the coast of western Asia Minor developing out of organic politically organised communities that formed Hellenic city states. Territories were created and... more
From the Archaic period (700-500 BC) a band of urbanisation developed along the coast of western Asia Minor developing out of organic politically organised communities that formed Hellenic city states. Territories were created and economic and cultural networks developed, but urbanisation remained largely a coastal phenomenon until the late-4th century BC when a new wave of urban foundation began, which spread the concept of the Hellenic Polis inland and eastwards. This study analyses the patterns of urbanisation in western Asia Minor and considers regional and chronological differences in urban dispersal, density and site location in the landscape. The region of Ionia and Hellenistic Metropolis form central case studies within the study that employs spatial analysis, remote sensing, intra-site survey and GIS as key methodologies.
The study noted that ethnic and polis identity were central factors in the creation of states and territories in the Archaic period, but they were also concepts that led to geo-political conservatism. When the second wave of inland urbanisation began, Hellenisation and dynastic policy were the vehicles for eastward spread of towns. This wave of urbanisation can be seen as universal, inclusive and homogenous. There were in addition high levels of conformity and familiarity between the physical and societal structures of the new Hellenistic urban foundations.
The study noted that ethnic and polis identity were central factors in the creation of states and territories in the Archaic period, but they were also concepts that led to geo-political conservatism. When the second wave of inland urbanisation began, Hellenisation and dynastic policy were the vehicles for eastward spread of towns. This wave of urbanisation can be seen as universal, inclusive and homogenous. There were in addition high levels of conformity and familiarity between the physical and societal structures of the new Hellenistic urban foundations.
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This article presents new analysis on the formation of political borders in Ionia during the Archaic period to the Hellenistic period. GIS analysis based upon the settlement and topography of the region is used to present temporally... more
This article presents new analysis on the formation of political borders in Ionia during the Archaic period to the Hellenistic period. GIS analysis based upon the settlement and topography of the region is used to present temporally sensitive maps for geopolitical Ionia. A discussion on how the Ionian city states differ in their settlement patterns from neighbouring regions is also presented.
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In this introductory chapter we present a brief summary of the Kastro Apalirou project and the broader conclusions. On the basis of our survey we conclude that the Kastro Apalirou was constructed from the middle of the 7th century and was... more
In this introductory chapter we present a brief summary of the Kastro Apalirou project and the broader conclusions. On the basis of our survey we conclude that the Kastro Apalirou was constructed from the middle of the 7th century and was in use until its abandonment in the early 13th century in the wake of the Latin takeover of Naxos and neighbouring islands. Based upon the data presented below, Kastro Apalirou should be considered an urban settlement rather than a fortress.
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During the course of fieldwork at Kastro Apalirou the survey recorded a number of structures lying outside the defensive walls that are passed in the course of the strenuous forty-five-minute climb to the site. The nature of the climb and... more
During the course of fieldwork at Kastro Apalirou the survey recorded a number of structures lying outside the defensive walls that are passed in the course of the strenuous forty-five-minute climb to the site. The nature of the climb and the view of the plains below naturally directs attention to the question of transport and access to the settlement. The survey eventually concluded that despite the challenging nature of the terrain, an urban settlement would have been viable, though some compromise would need to have been made. This article will present the routes to the site from the plain and the cultivation terraces below the walls. These terraces present an important feature in discussing the function and nature of the settlement and show that the inhabitants
of the town were utilising the slope below the walls for cultivation. This information allows us to consider the site as having been permanently inhabited, and not simply a fortified refuge. The survey has concluded that the cultivation terraces were an integrated part of Kastro Apalirou from its earliest phase.
of the town were utilising the slope below the walls for cultivation. This information allows us to consider the site as having been permanently inhabited, and not simply a fortified refuge. The survey has concluded that the cultivation terraces were an integrated part of Kastro Apalirou from its earliest phase.
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This article presents the urban topography and structural evidence from Kastro Apalirou based upon the fieldwork undertaken during the first phase of fieldwork, which included the planning and documentation of the visible structures at... more
This article presents the urban topography and structural evidence from Kastro Apalirou based upon the fieldwork undertaken during the first phase of fieldwork, which included the planning and documentation of the visible structures at the site. The survey resulted in the first complete
plan of the site, which provided key data for the discussion regarding the function, phasing and nature of the settlement. A total of fifty-four buildings were surveyed, of which thirty-eight were domestic buildings, three larger buildings considered to be institutional, and three cruder ancillary buildings. In addition, the survey identified an estimated further thirty plots whose structures could not be clarified although plot size and location was similar to the domestic houses. Cisterns, constructed with a heavier use of mortar, are more visible and were divided into two classes: five community cisterns that were large and not connected to one particular building, and fifty-two private cisterns that were built as part of a house or building, usually contained within the basement
and accessed internally from the floor above. There were additionally a smaller number of now free-standing external cisterns, which abutted buildings that have since collapsed, and cisterns inserted into gaps within walls and/or connected to Agios Georgios. The high number
of domestic buildings and low number of larger buildings suggestive of institutional use points strongly in the direction of an urban community rather than a fortress. Broadly, two phases were visible; the first representing the layout of streets and construction of the houses, the second representing greater levels of investment in defences, larger buildings and community cisterns and the expansion of the Agios Georgios complex.
plan of the site, which provided key data for the discussion regarding the function, phasing and nature of the settlement. A total of fifty-four buildings were surveyed, of which thirty-eight were domestic buildings, three larger buildings considered to be institutional, and three cruder ancillary buildings. In addition, the survey identified an estimated further thirty plots whose structures could not be clarified although plot size and location was similar to the domestic houses. Cisterns, constructed with a heavier use of mortar, are more visible and were divided into two classes: five community cisterns that were large and not connected to one particular building, and fifty-two private cisterns that were built as part of a house or building, usually contained within the basement
and accessed internally from the floor above. There were additionally a smaller number of now free-standing external cisterns, which abutted buildings that have since collapsed, and cisterns inserted into gaps within walls and/or connected to Agios Georgios. The high number
of domestic buildings and low number of larger buildings suggestive of institutional use points strongly in the direction of an urban community rather than a fortress. Broadly, two phases were visible; the first representing the layout of streets and construction of the houses, the second representing greater levels of investment in defences, larger buildings and community cisterns and the expansion of the Agios Georgios complex.
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Parallel political expansion in central west Anatolia in the Archaic period (700-480 BC) brought the kingdom of Lydia and the Ionian poleis into close contact with each other. Mutual economic and cultural development was beneficial to... more
Parallel political expansion in central west Anatolia in the Archaic period (700-480 BC) brought the kingdom of Lydia and the Ionian poleis into close contact with each other. Mutual economic and cultural development was beneficial to growth and development in the region. Traditional historical analysis has focused on the military expansionism of Lydia and portrays the Ionian states as unwilling partners dominated by their larger eastern neighbour. Post-Marathon, pro-Athenian political agendas from the 5th century BC are seen to have coloured the writing of history and influenced the contemporary sources that have been passed down to us. In addition modern euro-centric world views have introduced an occidental bias into the interpretation of interregional relations. Recent trends in Ionian research seek to redress this interpretation through new archaeological material and approaches. This article will discuss a fuzzy border between Lydia and Ionia where economic interests, cultural development and structural differences created a zone of mutual interest, rather than a region defined through antagonistic collision.
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Archaeological survey report submitted to BaneNor as part of the planning process in advance of a new rail link (Intercity). The work was undertaken at Vestfold fylkeskommune between March 2017 - March 2018. Of note was the identification... more
Archaeological survey report submitted to BaneNor as part of the planning process in advance of a new rail link (Intercity). The work was undertaken at Vestfold fylkeskommune between March 2017 - March 2018. Of note was the identification of a number of Mesolithic sites, several sites from the Roman Iron Age, three areas of medieval cultivation, an Iron bloomery site and charcoal pits from the Viking Age to the High Medieval period in the outland zone. Thirty four C14 dates were sent for analysis.Extensive Ground penetrating radar survey was applied across those parts of the survey area that were cultivated, and the use of GPRS as a methodology is discussed at the end of the report. Excavation of some of the sites will follow.
https://my.pcloud.com/publink/show?code=XZEbxY7Ztd2tCwyxcHfxaRFH7q3nwYnoviAV
https://my.pcloud.com/publink/show?code=XZEbxY7Ztd2tCwyxcHfxaRFH7q3nwYnoviAV
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Description of grave types and topographic aspects of the Eastern Necropolis, Hierpolis in Phrygia. Book section.
Will upload introduction page when I have recieve it. Has been published
Will upload introduction page when I have recieve it. Has been published
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Siden 1957 har italienske forskere drevet arkeologiske undersøkelser i den antikke byen Hierapolis i Lilleasia (figur 1).1 I 2007 ble norske arkeologer og naturvitere invitert til å undersøke en av byens gravplasser, den såkalte... more
Siden 1957 har italienske forskere drevet arkeologiske undersøkelser i den antikke byen Hierapolis i Lilleasia (figur 1).1 I 2007 ble norske arkeologer og naturvitere invitert til å undersøke en av byens gravplasser, den såkalte Nordøst-nekropolen. Det norske forskningsprosjektets primære mål var å foreta en full typologisk dokumentasjon av alle synlige graver og sarkofager på denne gravplassen, deres topografiske utbredelse og organisasjon, dernest
å foreta utgravninger av utvalgte gravbygninger og gravområder for å avdekke nekropolens bruksperioder.
Valget falt på en gruppe med tre bygninger og tre sarkofager i nekropolens øverste del; i tillegg ble det foretatt noen spredte stikkgravninger rundt i gravplassområdet. Dette arbeidet dannet grunnlaget for videre studier, der vi i en sosial sammenheng ønsket å undersøke en bybefolkning i detalj over en lengre periode gjennom studier av gravarkitektur og landskapsoppfatning,
organisasjon, familietilhørighet og entreprenørvirksomhet, rituell handling og praksis, genetiske relasjoner og opphav, paleodemografi, helse og sykdommer, dietter og enkeltpersoners bevegelsesmønstre. For å kunne svare på mange av disse spørsmålene ble det også foretatt bioarkeologiske undersøkelser, som C14-dateringer, osteologi og
DNA- og isotopanalyser. Målet med denne artikkelen er å diskutere hva de foreløpige studiene rundt disse spørsmål kan fortelle oss om liv og død i Hierapolis, sett i en videre lokal og regional kulturkontekst. Gravplassens historie strekker seg fra 1./2. årh. e.Kr. til ca. år 1300,
og fanger opp religionsskiftet i senantikken. Der er derfor naturlig, etter en historisk innledning, å se på hvorledes døden (gjennom gravenes lokalisering, form og innhold) ble behandlet før og etter religionsskiftet, deretter hva skjelettene kan fortelle om livskvalitet og endringer i den
å foreta utgravninger av utvalgte gravbygninger og gravområder for å avdekke nekropolens bruksperioder.
Valget falt på en gruppe med tre bygninger og tre sarkofager i nekropolens øverste del; i tillegg ble det foretatt noen spredte stikkgravninger rundt i gravplassområdet. Dette arbeidet dannet grunnlaget for videre studier, der vi i en sosial sammenheng ønsket å undersøke en bybefolkning i detalj over en lengre periode gjennom studier av gravarkitektur og landskapsoppfatning,
organisasjon, familietilhørighet og entreprenørvirksomhet, rituell handling og praksis, genetiske relasjoner og opphav, paleodemografi, helse og sykdommer, dietter og enkeltpersoners bevegelsesmønstre. For å kunne svare på mange av disse spørsmålene ble det også foretatt bioarkeologiske undersøkelser, som C14-dateringer, osteologi og
DNA- og isotopanalyser. Målet med denne artikkelen er å diskutere hva de foreløpige studiene rundt disse spørsmål kan fortelle oss om liv og død i Hierapolis, sett i en videre lokal og regional kulturkontekst. Gravplassens historie strekker seg fra 1./2. årh. e.Kr. til ca. år 1300,
og fanger opp religionsskiftet i senantikken. Der er derfor naturlig, etter en historisk innledning, å se på hvorledes døden (gjennom gravenes lokalisering, form og innhold) ble behandlet før og etter religionsskiftet, deretter hva skjelettene kan fortelle om livskvalitet og endringer i den
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Introduction pages. Due to contractual constraints the entire article cannot be uploaded.
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Article based upon an interview in Morgenbladet.
Study of the exits and entrances of the Hellenistic theatre in relation to the street system and internal communication within Tegea.
This article will present the results from the Norwegian Survey at Hierapolis, where 550 tombs, burials and other structures were documented, planned and presented in a GIS. The article will be submitted to the editor in June 2018.
This article will present new data generated during the Norwegian survey at the NE Necropolis of Hierapolis (Phrygia) on secondary use of the Necropolis in the Byzantine Period. The article will be submitted to the editor in June 2018.
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Urban Relocation and Settlement Adaptation on Naxos from the Early to Middle Byzantine Periods From the mid-seventh century, the Aegean became unstable and the Cyclades were directly threatened by piracy and raiding. Textual and... more
Urban Relocation and Settlement Adaptation on Naxos from the Early to Middle
Byzantine Periods
From the mid-seventh century, the Aegean became unstable and the Cyclades were directly threatened by piracy and raiding. Textual and archaeological sources paint a clear picture of settlement movement from the coast and abandonment of sites on smaller islands. Naxos, as the largest island in the archipelago, is mountainous and well-watered in relation to the smaller neighbouring islands. The Naxian response to the crisis was to relocate the political and ecclesiastical capital of the island to a fortified mountain-top site in the interior. In constructing Kastro Apalirou, the builders needed to create new forms of architecture that would allow viable settlement at the waterless site. A domestic house type that used rooftop water harvesting and storage in basement cisterns became a dominant feature of the community. The large elite households of Antiquity were replaced with smaller and more compact domestic units. These developments can be seen as radical and resulted in a sustainable and enduring feature of Cycladic settlement—nucleated hilltop villages. Changes to the settlement pattern elsewhere on the island hint at social fragmentation and dispersal as churches become smaller and more numerous. In this paper, I present new data from recent research and argue that medium-sized islands have a greater ability to react to crisis and challenges compared to more central and mainland regions.
Byzantine Periods
From the mid-seventh century, the Aegean became unstable and the Cyclades were directly threatened by piracy and raiding. Textual and archaeological sources paint a clear picture of settlement movement from the coast and abandonment of sites on smaller islands. Naxos, as the largest island in the archipelago, is mountainous and well-watered in relation to the smaller neighbouring islands. The Naxian response to the crisis was to relocate the political and ecclesiastical capital of the island to a fortified mountain-top site in the interior. In constructing Kastro Apalirou, the builders needed to create new forms of architecture that would allow viable settlement at the waterless site. A domestic house type that used rooftop water harvesting and storage in basement cisterns became a dominant feature of the community. The large elite households of Antiquity were replaced with smaller and more compact domestic units. These developments can be seen as radical and resulted in a sustainable and enduring feature of Cycladic settlement—nucleated hilltop villages. Changes to the settlement pattern elsewhere on the island hint at social fragmentation and dispersal as churches become smaller and more numerous. In this paper, I present new data from recent research and argue that medium-sized islands have a greater ability to react to crisis and challenges compared to more central and mainland regions.
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«The Veneration of Saint Mamas in the Mediterranean: a traveler, border defender saint. The case of Naxos in the Cyclades», J. Crow and D. Hill (eds.), «Naxos and the Byzantine Aegean»:Insular Response to Regional Change, Papers and... more
«The Veneration of Saint Mamas in the Mediterranean: a traveler, border defender saint. The case of Naxos in the Cyclades», J. Crow and D. Hill (eds.), «Naxos and the Byzantine Aegean»:Insular Response to Regional Change, Papers and Monographs form the Norwegian Institute at Athens, Volume 7, Athens 2008, 299-307
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November 15-16, 2019, Tuebingen, Germany
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Funded by the German Research Foundation since Feb. 2021
